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Introduction: Workers are one of the vulnerable groups for drug abuse. Drugs use by workers can lead to loss of productivity, workplace accidents and injuries, the increase of employee absenteeism, the decrease in morale and health problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and psychosocial determinants of drug abuse among workers in Indonesia. Methods: This study was an analysis of secondary data from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Abuse in the Working Group with a total of 34,397 respondents. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: The multivariate test showed that drug abuse behavior among workers was related to demographic characteristics (education), psychological characteristics (the agreeable attitude towards drug abuse, smoking behavior, drinking behavior, risky sex behavior and doing high-risk/dangerous work), and social characteristics. (drug-prone home environment, easy access to drugs, family consuming drugs, coworkers consuming drugs, friends consuming drugs, conflict within the family, conflict with the co-workers, age at the first time working less than 15 years and rarely/never doing religious activities). Conclusion: Many factors influence drug abuse among workers, therefore there is a need for comprehensive efforts to encourage the creation of a drug abuse prevention programs for workers in Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Meta analisis, review literature, systematic review, remaja, perilaku seksual, pengaruh teman sebaya
Tujuan dan Metode. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi merokok dengan lama waktu sampai mulai menyalahgunakan ganja. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 10.379 pelajar/mahasiswa perokok, dengan 708 penyalahguna ganja. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kesintasan regresi Cox with time dependent covariats.
Hasil Penelitian. Berdasarkan frekuensi merokok, median waktu ketahanan dari mulai pertama kali merokok sampai menyalahgunakan ganja menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok merokok rutin dengan kelompok merokok tidak rutin, masing-masing 2 tahun. Hasil uji wilcoxon menyimpulkan ada perbedaan ketahanan menyalahgunakan ganja antara kelompok jarang merokok dengan kelompok perokok berfrekuensi <5 - >35 batang/minggu. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan pola semakin banyak jumlah batang rokok yang dikonsumsi, semakin besar nilai risiko untuk menyalahgunakan ganja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel confounder (riwayat minum alkohol, keluarga terpajan alkohol dan atau narkoba, pernah terpisah orangtua minimal enam bulan, dan pengaruh teman sebaya). Risiko untuk terjadinya penyalahgunaan ganja pada pelajar/mahasiswa yang merokok dengan frekuensi <5 - 7 batang/minggu adalah 2.5 lebih besar daripada pelajar/mahasiswa yang jarang merokok. Sedangkan risiko untuk terjadinya penyalahgunaan ganja pada pelajar/mahasiswa yang merokok dengan frekuensi >7 - 35 batang/minggu adalah 4.0 kali lebih cepat daripada pelajar/mahasiswa yang jarang merokok. Sementara, risiko untuk terjadinya penyalahgunaan ganja pada pelajar/mahasiswa yang merokok dengan frekuensi >35 batang/minggu adalah 4.5 kali lebih cepat daripada pelajar/mahasiswa yang jarang merokok.
Kesimpulan. Frekuensi merokok mempengaruhi besarnya risiko untuk menyalahgunakan ganja. Semakin banyak jumlah batang rokok yang dikonsumsi, semakin besar risiko untuk menyalahgunakan ganja.
Objective. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between cigarette smoking frequency with long time to start cannabis use. A sample of 10.379 student smokers, with 708 cannabis users was used. Cox regression with time dependent covariats was analyzed as study method.
Results. Based on the frequency of cigarette smoking, the median of survival time from initial smoking to cannabis use showed no difference among regular smoking group with non regular smoking group, each 2 years. Wilcoxon test result concluded that there were difference of survival cannabis use between non regular smoking group with smokers groups which regular cigarette smoking <5 - >35 cigarette/week. Multivariate analysis showed patterns that the more the number of cigarettes consumed, the greater risk to cannabis use, after controlled by the confounder variables (history of alcohol drinking, family exposed to alcohol and or drugs, separated parents at least six months, and the influence of peers). Risk to cannabis use among students who cigarette smokers <5 ? 7 cigarette/week was 2.5 greater than students who non regular smoking. Risk to cannabis use among students who cigarette smokers <7 ? 35 cigarette/week was 4.0 greater than students who non regular smoking. Risk to cannabis use among students who cigarette smokers <35 cigarette/week was 4.5 greater than students who non regular smoking.
Conclusion. Frequency of smoking influences the risk of cannabis use. The more the number of cigarette consumed, the greater risk to cannabis use.
Kata Kunci : pelajar/mahasiswa, perilaku penyalahgunaan narkoba, lingkungankeluarga
