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Pneumonia is the leading causes of death among children under five in Indonesia. Exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation are recommended strategies for preventing pneumonia. Although the coverage of both has reached national targets, the prevalence of pneumonia increased from 4.8% in 2018 to 15% in 2023. This study aimed to examine the association between exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation with the incidence of pneumonia among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design based on data from 2023 SKI. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed no statistically significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation with pneumonia incidence. However, after considering interaction variables and controlling for confounding variables (child’s sex, history of diarrhea, and drinking water source), an increased risk of pneumonia was found among children who were not exclusively breastfed (AOR: 1.466; 95% CI: 0.928–2.315), although the association was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the association between vitamin A supplementation and pneumonia became statistically significant (AOR: 3.029; 95% CI: 1.339–6.852). Therefore, strengthening educational programs through community empowerment is needed as a promotive-preventive strategy to improve exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A practices in efforts to prevent pneumonia in children.
Obesitas pada remaja meningkat secara global dan nasional. Hal ini menjadi perhatian khusus karena obesitas pada remaja dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit tidak menular lebih dini. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor aktivitas fisik dan pola makan dengan obesitas pada remaja 10—19 tahun menggunakan data SKI 2023 dan analisis regresi logistik berganda (96.721 responden). Hasil menunjukkan di perkotaan, tidak terdapat hubungan
antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas. Untuk pola makan, konsumsi makanan berlemak pada status kekayaan tertinggi (AOR= 1,38) dan konsumsi minuman bersoda (AOR= 0,584; 95% CI= 0,404—0,845) menunjukkan hubungan signifikan secara statistik dan menjadi faktor risiko di perkotaan. Di samping itu, di pedesaan, aktivitas fisik pada remaja berumur 10-13 tahun (AOR= 1,89) dan konsumsi makanan berlemak pada status kekayaan tertinggi (AOR= 2,25) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dan menjadi faktor risiko di pedesaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pencegahan lewat penguatan layanan preventif serta kolaborasi antar pihak dalam membentuk kebiasaan dan gaya hidup yang lebih sehat dalam menurunkan angka obesitas.
Adolescent obesity is increasing globally and nationally. This is of particular concern because obesity in adolescents can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases earlier. This study analyzed physical activity and dietary factors with obesity in adolescents 10-19 years old using SKI 2023 data and multiple logistic regression analysis (96,721 respondents). Results showed that in urban areas, there was no association between physical activity and obesity. For diet, consumption of fatty foods at the highest wealth status (AOR= 1.38) and consumption of soft drinks (AOR= 0.584; 95% CI= 0.404-0.845) showed statistically significant associations and were risk factors in urban areas. In addition, in rural areas, physical activity among adolescents aged 10-13 years (AOR= 1.89) and consumption of fatty foods at the highest wealth status (AOR= 2.25) had statistically significant associations and were risk factors in rural areas. Therefore, prevention efforts through strengthening preventive services and collaboration between parties in shaping healthier habits and lifestyles are needed to reduce obesity rates.
Background: Indonesia faces population problems such as a high number and rate of population growth with a total fertility rate (TFR) which is bigger than ASEAN average and ideal standard of TFR. The utilization of contraception, especially LAPMs, is one of program to ensure the implementation of family planning program. However, based on the results of the 2017 IDHS, there was only 13.4% of women used LAPMs. And from year to year, the utilization of contraception in Indonesia is still dominated by female users compared to men, especially in MKJP, namely 13.2% of them are female users and only 0.2% are male users. This study aims to examine the association between women's empowerment and the utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive (LAPMs) among married women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia based on analysis of IDHS data 2017. Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and uses secondary data (2017 IDHS data). The dependent variables of this study is the utilization of LACPMs with the main independent variables were women's empowerment. Descriptive, bivariate and stratified analysis were used to see the description of each variable and to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables and to examine the confounding variables between them. Result: Empowered women had 1.15 [95% CI=1.03-1.27] times higher risk of using MKJP than powerless women. The result of this study also found that women's education and household wealth index are confounding variables in the association between women's empowerment and the utilization of LACPMs. Conclusion: The utilization of LACPMs which is low is one of the public health challenges in Indonesia. The association between women's empowerment and the utilication of LACPMs can be taken into considerations for government agencies to develop health by focusing on the role of women.
Hypertension is one of risk factors that was expected as 25,8 in Indonesia on 2013 Riskesdas, 2013 . New cases of TB happened in 30 countries with high TB burden. Six countries which contributed 60 of TB cases are India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria, and South Africa WHO, 2016 . A factor which encourages hypertension on someone is kidney disease or infection which happens in a long time, and TB doesn 39 t only attack the lungs, but also other organs such as kidney NHS, 2016 WHO, 2016 . This research 39 s purpose is to understand association between TB status with blood pressure rsquo s differences in indonesia on 2013. This research used data riskesdas. Linear regression analysis and logistic regression were used on 38002 sample subject regardless of the TB status whose blood pressure and glucose rate were examined. The results of this study showed that the blood pressure in subjects who were diagnosed with tuberculosis after adjusting for blood glucose, age, sex, and economic status is lower 1.9 mmHg 95 EI 6.0 2.2 than the subjects who were not diagnosed with TB and hypertension odds ratios in subjects who were diagnosed with tuberculosis after adjusting for blood glucose, age, sex, and economic status were 0.94 lower 95 EI 0.58 to 1.52 than the subjects who were not diagnosed with TB.
