Ditemukan 33781 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Nutritional status is a measure of success in the fulfillment of child nutrition asmeasured by weight and height. The prevalency of nutritional status of children aged5-12 years in Jakarta is 14.0% underweight, 22.7% stunting, 9.9% wasting, and 6.8%fat. Specific data for South Jakarta area were underweight 7.4%, stunting 17.8%,wasting 6.3%, and grease 7.3%. Nutrition problems have an impact on child growth.Nutrition is one of the important factors that affect student achievement. The purposeof this study was to determine the effect of nutritional status on academicachievement of grade 1-3 elementary school students. The design used was cohortrestrospective by looking at the correlation between School Wide Assessment (SWA)with child nutritional status in the previous 9 months. The population in this researchis the students of 1-3 grade of elementary school in HighScope Indonesia with takingall students which amounts to 480 children as a total sampling. The results of thisstudy indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables of nutritionstatus more on Indonesian lessons RR 1.89 (95% CI 1.46-2.44), English RR 5.22(95% CI 3.23-8, 45), Mathematics RR 1.81 (95% CI 1.45-2.26) and IPA RR 1.90(95% CI 1.48-2.44). Similarly, the cumulative academic achievement of RR 6.29(95% CI 3.82-10.35). Therefore, especially the parents should be aware of theinfluence of nutritional status on academic achievement so it will be wise in choosingfood intake and the type of school or education that appropriate to the child.Key words : nutritional status; academic achievement; risk factor; cohortretrospective.
Latar belakang : Keberhasilan pembangunan suatu bangsa ditentukan olch ketcrsediaan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas. Unioef tahun 2000, mcnyatakan adanya bukti empiris yang menunjukkan bahwa hal tezsebut sangat ditentukan oleh status gizi. Semakin muda usia seozang anak untulc rnenderita gizi kurang, maka semakin bel-at akibat yang ditimbulkan. Dimana kemunduran mental yang diakibatkan oleh keadaan gizi kurang yang berat dapat bersifat pennanen, akan tetapi pada keadaan gizi kurang yang ringan maupun sedang kecenderungan kemunduran mental dapat dipulihkan, semenjak dengan bertambah baiknya keadaan gizi danlingklumgan anak dibesarkan. (I-lusaini, 1986, Jalal, 1998 dan Azwar, Azrul. 2004). Metodologi : Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan desain kohort retrospektifi Jumlah sampel kesehuuhan adalah 1200 anak. Analisis kandidat model menggunakan chi-kwadrat, dan analisis untuk variabel independen yang masuk ke dalam model menggunakan uji regxesi logistik dan Mantel-Haenzel. Hasil dan Pembahasan : Hasil penelitian di pcngaruhi olch bias obsen/asi bersifat misklasiiikasi non dejizrensial yang under estimate, confounding, interaksi multipikatif positif dan chane variazion. Alcan tetapi penelitian ini sangat konsisten karena mendulcung beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya., seperti: Burd L., Hames (1988), Cook Jr (1993) dan Halterman (2001), serta tidak dimungkinkan untuk texjadinya temporal ambiguity, sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada populasi yang eligible dan populasi sumber. Dampak poterisial yang timbul pada populasi untuk tcxjadinya prestasi belajar verbal yang rendah dapat dicegah sebesar 44% pada saat anak usia baduta dan 30% pada saat anak usia setelah baduta apabila dalam status gizi balk pada usia tersebut. Dan dampalc potensial yang timbul pada populasi untuk terjadinya prestasi belajar numerik yang rendah dapat dioegah sebesar 80% pada saat anak usia baduta dan 63% pada saat anak usia setelah baduta apabila dalam status gizi baik pada usia tersebut. Kesimpulan: Semakin dini seomng anak menderita gizl kurang, maka semakin berisiko untuk mengalami prestasi belajar yang rendah, seperti besamya risiko prestasi verbal yang rendah dapat texjadi pada anak yang memiliki gizi kurang pada saat usia baduta sebesar 6,5 kali, dan pada saat usia setelah baduta 5 kali dibanclingkan dengan anak yang memiliki gizi baik pada saat usia texsebut. Demikian pula besarnya risiko prestasi numerik yang rendah dapat teljadi pada anak yang memilil-Li gizi kumng pada saat usia baduta sebesar 25 kali, dan pada saat usia setelah baduta I5 kali dibandingkan dcngan anak yang memiliki gizi baik pada saat usia tersebut. Prestasi verbal sangat dipengaruhi oleh kodisi (iluktuasi) status glzi individu sepanjang hayatnya. Suatu hal yang agak berbeda te1jadi pada prestasi numerik, dimana status gizi pada saat usia balita saja yang telihat berpengaruh.
Background : The successful development of one’s nation is determined by availability of qualified human resources. UNICEF in 2000 said that there was empirical proof that those qualifications are detemained by nutritional status. The younger children get malnutrition, the heavier impact will be gotten by the children. The condition will be much heavier if the malnutrition starting to occur in fetus in the pregnancy. Mental retardation caused by severe malnutrition could be permanent, but if it happens in mild or moderate malnutrition it could be cured, as the nutritional status and environment where the children grow is getting better. (Husaini, 1986, Jalal, 1998 and Azwar, Azml. 2004). Methodology : This study was an analytical study with retrospective cohort design. Total sample in this study was 1200 children. Model candidate analysis used Chi Square, and analysis for independent variables to enter the model used logistic regression and Mantel-Haenzel. Result and Discussion : The result of the study was influenced by observational bias, which is non deferential rnisclassiiication that could be underestimated the result, positive multiplicative interaction, and chance variation. Thus, the result of this study was very consistent; because it supports prior study conducted by Burd L. Harnes (1988), Cook Jr (1993) and I-laltennan (2001), and also it is not by any chance temporal ambiguity could be happened, so the result of this study could be generalized to eligible population and source population. Potential impact that occurs in the population to have low verbal accomplishment which could be prevent was 44% if the nutritional status constantly good in children age less than 2 years and 30% if the nutritional status is good in children aged more than 2 years. Moreover, potential impact that occurs in population to prevent low numeric accomplishment which could be prevent is 80% if the nutritional status constantly good in children age less than 2 years and 63% if the nutritional status is good in children age more than 2 years. Conclusion : The younger a child get nutritional deiiciency, the bigger risk he will have low study accomplishment, such as the risk to have low verbal accomplishment could be happen in children age less than 2 years who has malnutrition is 6.5 times, and in children age more than 2 years the risk is 5 times than children in the same age 'with good nutritional status. Moreover, the risk to have low numeric accomplishment in children age less than 2 years is 25 times, and in children age more than years, the risk is I5 times than the children in the same age with good nutritional status. Verbal score was very influenced by condition or fluctuation of nutritional status of a person all his life. A little difference &om that, numeric score only being influenced by a person's nutritional status in his first five years of life
Keterpajanan timbal di udara ambien pada anak-anak yang berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar kenderaan bermotor, dapat tezjadi jika terhimp senyawa timbal tersebut selama dipeljalanan dari rumah ke sekolah, Emisi tersebut merupakan basil samping pembakaran yang teljadi dalam mesin-mesin kendaraan, yang berasal dari senyawa zerramelkvl-lead dan ietraetlzyl-lead yang selalu ditambabkan dalam bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor tersebut. Dimana iimbal yang dibuang ke udara melalui asap buang kendaraan bermotor iersebut menjadi sangar tinggi, apabila terhirup dalam sistem pemafasan akan dapat meningkalkan kadariimbal dalam darah anak-anak.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ingin rncngetahui hubungan keterpajanan timbal di udara ambien dengan kadar timbal dalam darah siswa sekolah dasar kelas empat, lima dan enam di kecamatan Cikarang. Penelitian ini mempnmyai keraugka konsep bahwa keterpajanan tirnbal di udara ambien yang diukur dengan lama dijalan sebagai variabel independen akan mempengamhi kejadian kadartimbal dalam daxah siswa sebagai variabcl dcpenden. Juga diteliti fakbor bebas lain, yang dapat mempalgaruhi variabel dependen seperti status gizi, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pekeljaan ayah, pekeljaan ibn, riwayat batuk kronis, riwayat minurn obat casing, konsumsi susu, kebiasaan merokok dan pengeluaran orang fua. Penelitian ini menggnmakan disain Cross Sectional, dengan jumlah populasi 160 orang siswa sekolah dasar kelas empat, lima dan enam di kecamatan Cikarang. Data dalam peneiitian ini diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara pengisian kuesioner, untuk mengetahui lama dijalan dari rumah kesekolah (ekwosnre/Sfariabel independen) dan kadar timba! dalam darah diukur dengan menggunakan AAS (outcome/variabel dependen). Hasil penelitian memmjukkan bahwa 62,4% siswa yang terpajan' lebih mernpunyai kadar timbal tinggi dalam damh pada siswa sekolah dasar kelas empat, lima dan enam di kecarnatan Cikarang. Kesimpulan pcnclitian ini adalah bahwa siswa yang telpajan lebih mempnmyai resiko 9 kali utuk mempunyai kadar timbal tinggi didalam darah dengan can of point median (S.72pg/dl) setelah dikontrol dengan pendidikan ayah dan kebiasaan merokok.
Lead exposure in children is sourced automotive combustion, while inhaled lead for trams road to go to school. Emission is e.Hected combustion vehicle machines, content tetramethyl lead and tetraethyl lead always added vehicle gasoline. Lead depletion is throwaway air automotive combustion, is very high. Metal lead, if inhaled in breathing system is etfect to up blood lead level children. Purpose of the research is knowing correlation lead exposure ambient with blood Icad level elementary. school tbrth, fifth, sixth at Cikarang. This research has concept that exposure lead in ambient that’s measure time at the road as variable indepaident is effecting blood lead level schoolchild as variable dependent. Thus researcher has researched mother factor which influence variable dependent as nutrition status, ihthefs education, mother’s education, thtliefs work, mother’s work, cough chroniw, helmint’s drug milk consumption, smoking habit and parcnt’s consumption. This research use cross sectional design, with 160 population schoolchild elementary school forth, iitih, sixth at Cikarang This data is taken lbr measurement time of the road fiom the house until to school (exposurefvariable independent) and blood lead level measurement AAS (outcome/variable dependent). The summaly showed that 62,4% child more exposure has high blood lead level at schoolchild elementary school Ruth, iiiih, sixth at Cikarang. Schoolchild’s more exposure has 9 time risk ibr has blood lead level, with cut of point median (5,72 pg/dl ) aher is controlled by father’s education and smoking habit.
Kata kunci : Karies Gigi
The research was conducted at the State Primary School Grade 1st in theWork Area Walantaka clinic. This study aims to determine the behavior factoraffect the status of dental caries in primary school students with the cross-sectional design and the tools used to collect data in the form of a questionnaire.Research results showed that 238 (69.4%) of 343 children who suffer fromdental caries, is the most sex women 114 (74%). From this study the risk factorsfor dental caries status of students is the way children brushing their teeth (PR =2.557), frequency often consume sugary snacks (PR = 2.197), maternal work (PR= 2.051) and frequency toothbrush (PR = 1.782). Efforts to reduce the number of dental caries in children by increasingactivity UKGS program, through promotion and prevention of oral health throughoral examination regularly to schools so that they can take action to prevent andaddressthe problem of oral health on school children.
Keywords: Dental Caries.
Latar belakang - Asap rokok lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko bagi timbulnya masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan bukan hanya mengenai perokok, tetapi juga mengenai orang lain. Dari semua kelompuk umur dalam masyamkat, bayi dan anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang rentan terkena dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan asap rokok lingkangan. Pajanan asap rokok lingkungan pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko terkena infeksi saluran pemapasan akut dan kronis, asma, radang telinga tengah (otitis media), dan alergi. Bagi anak-anak, rumah merupakan lokasi terpenting yang berkontribusi dalam pajanan asap rokok lingkungan. Tujuan - Mengetahui hubungan kejadian otitis media dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan di rumah dan faktor kovariat lain (jenis kelamin, status gizi, tingkat pendidlkan bapak, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pengeluaran keluarga, kepadatan penghuni rumah, dan ventilasi rumah) pada anak kelas satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kelurahan Grogol, Jakarta Barat, tahun 2008. Metode - Penelitian observasional analitik, melalui pendekatan desain studi kasus kontrol. Populasi adalah seluruh anak kelas satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) di wilayah Kelutahan Grogol, Jakarta Barat, tahun 2008. Kasus adalah semua anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol tahun 2008 yang pada pemeriksaan telinga dengan otoskop ditemukan satu atau lebih tanda klinis berupa sekret di liang telinga, retraksi membran timpani, udem membran timpani, warna membran hiperemis atau kuning pucat, perforasi membran timpani, bayangan cairan di belakang membran timpani pada salah satu satu atau kedua telinganya. Kontrol adalah semua anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol tahun 2008 yang pada pemeriksaan telinga dengan otoskop tidak didapati tanda klinis seperti pada kelompok kasus. Hasil - Kejadian otitis media berhubungan bermakna dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan di rumah pada anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol Jakarta Barat tahuo 2008. Hasil uji regresi logistik ganda mendapatkan peningkatan resiko tiga kali lebih besar untuk menderita otitis media pada anak yang tinggal di rumah dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan tingg! setelah dikontrol dengan tingkat pendidikan bapak. Saran - Temuan pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi anak sekolah, orangtua, guru, masyarakat, dan pemerintah dalam upaya promotif dan preventif bahaya asap rokok lingkungan hagi anak-anak serta upay. kuratif dan rehabililatif atas dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan.
BackgrOund - Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known as one of risk factors for public health. The health problems caused by ETS affect more people than just smokers. Children are especially vulnerable to ETS exposure than others. Children's exposure to ETS is responsible for increasing risk of acute and chronic respiratory infections, asthma, otitis media, and allergy. The most important location for children's exposure to ETS is their home. Objectives - To analyze asssociation between otitis media and ETS exposure at home and other covariats (sex, nutritional status, paternal education level, maternal education level, family expenditure, house crowding, and ventilation) on 1st year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008. Method - Analytic observational study with case-control design. Population of this study are all 1st year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008. Cases are all I" year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008, with sign/s of otitis media on otoscopy. Controls are all 1st year of basic school children in Gragoi, West Jakarta, 2008, without sign of otitis media on otoscopy. Result - Otitis media significantly associated with Children's exposure to ETS at home in this study area. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for otitis media was 3 after adjustment for paternal education level. Suggestion - The findings of this study are expecred to be an important information for all student, parents, teachers, public, and government on promotive-preventive programmes of ETS exposure, and on curative-rehabilitative programmes of ETS's health effects.
Stunting is a malnutrition that is still a public health problem in Indonesia and causes various adverse effects on children's health. Besides caused by a chronic lack of nutrition, stunting can also be caused by recurrent of infectious diseases. Efforts to prevent infectious diseases, such as immunization, will play a role in increasing child growth, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between basic immunization status and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from SSGI 2021. The inclusion criteria for this study were that toddlers were aged 12–59 months at the time of data collection, their height was measured, were not experiencing severe or chronic illness, and had complete variable data. A total of 70,267 toddlers met the inclusion criteria, and all were taken as research samples. Data analysis was performed using the Cox regression to obtain a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% of confidence interval. This study shows that the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia is 23.1%, and the proportion of children under five who have complete basic immunization status is 74.92%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that basic immunization status had a statistically significant association with the incidence of stunting. Toddlers with incomplete basic immunization status are at risk 1.19 times higher for stunting compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.19 (95% CI 1.15–1.23)]. Toddlers who are not immunized at all have an even higher risk of experiencing stunting, which is 1.27 times higher compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.27 (95% CI 1.15–1.39)], after controlling for variables such as the mother's education, economic status, and the child's birth weight. Efforts are needed to complete the child's immunization status on time according to schedule and increase the mother's knowledge regarding the use of health services, the fulfillment of toddler nutrition, and the stimulation of child growth and development.