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Kata kunci: Hepatitis B untuk bayi baru lahir, Imunisasi, Akses.
Indonesia is among the five regions in the world with the highest Hepatitis B prevalence.One of the efforts to prevent Hepatitis B infection is to give Hepatitis B birth-dose vaccineto infants at age 0-7 day (HB 0). This research aimed to analyze factors related to theaccess of HB 0 vaccinations in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was using Susenas2016 and Podes 2014 data, sample size was 18.407 babies of married women whose agebetween 15-49 years and gave birth baby birth weight ≥ 2,5 Kg in the last two yearsbefore the survey was done. About 59,63% infants accesses HB 0 vaccination. Logisticregression analysis model (logit) resulted marginal effects which showed variabel of ageand education of the mother, region, place of birth, distance and birth attendants hadrelationship with access the HB 0 vaccination. To increase the HB 0 vaccinationcoverage, it is recommended that the government or the policy makers should improveprograms and acess through health promotions, partnerships among health personnels,as well as encourage facility-based delivery.
Key words: Hepatitis B birth-dose, Vaccination, Access, New Born Infants.
Angka Kematian Bayi dan Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia sudah menurun, tetapi kalau dibanding dengan Negara tetangga masih jauh lebih tinggi. Sepertiga kernatian bayi teljadi dalam bulan pertarna (neonatal), 80 persen kematian neonatal ini terjadi pada minggu pertarna. Berarti masih rendahnya status kesehatan ibu dan bayi baru lahir rendahnya akses dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak khususnya pada masa persalinan dan segera sesudahnya. Tahun 2006, kematian Neonatal di Kabupaten So1ok sebanyak 47 kematian dan 7 kematian ibu dari 8.250 kelahiran hidup. Pada periode yang sama teijadi 23 kematian neonatal dan 1 kematian ibu dari 1,091 kelahiran hidup yang terjadi di Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui praktek atau tindakan yang dilakukan o1eh bidan di wilayah keija Puskesmas Alahan Panjang terhadap pelayanan ibu bersalin dan bayi baru lahir 7 hari (minggu pertarna) pasca persalinan. Selain itu, juga dilakukan identifikasi terhadap hal yang diperkirakan menunjang pelaksanaannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Inforrnan dalam penelitian adalah seluruh bidan yang bertugas di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Alahan Panjang, ibu bersalin yang persalinannya ditolong oleh inforrnan bidan tersebut, dan inforrnan kunci adalah pimpinan dan koordinator program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) Puskesmas Alahan Panjang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara Diskusi Kelompok Terarah (DKT) kepada 18 bidan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Wawancara Mendalam (WM) kepada 4 (empat) orang bidan dari peserta DKT. Untuk konfurnasi, dilakukan WM pada 17 (tujuh) orang ibu bersalin yang dilayani bidan tersebut. Selain itu, juga dilakukan WM kepada Pimpinan dan Koordinator Program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) Puskesmas Alahan Panjang. Selanjutnya juga dilakukan satu kali pengamatan (rekaman video proses persalinan sarnpai 24 jam pasca persalinan) dan pengamatan praktek atau tidakan bidan sewaktu kunjungan neonatal serta melakukan telah dokumen. Analisa yang dilakukan dengan memasukan data kedalam matrik, kemudian dilakukan analisa isi (content analysis). Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Alahan Panjang pada buian Marer sampai awai lviei 2007. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, ditemukan masih ada praktek atau tindakan bidan, terhadap pelayanan ibu bersalin dan bayi bam lahir 0 - 7 hari, yang tidak sesuai dengan Standar Pelayanan Kebidanan menurut Depkes, (2003). Terutama dalam melakukan penyuluhan kepada ibu bersalin. Selain itu, juga ditemui bahwa supervisi yang dilakukan Pimpinan dan Koordinator Program KIA Puskesmas Alahan Panjang masih kurang. Selanjutnya, masih sedildtnya bidan yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan yang berhubungan dengan fungsi bidan dalam pelayananan KIA dan kurangnya sarana yang mendukung praktek atau tindakan bidan dalam pelayanan KIA. Berdasarkanj hasil penelitian, disarankan kepada pihak-pihak terkait seperti Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Solok dan Puskesmas Alahan Panjang untuk peningkatan profesionalisme bidan dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya, dengan peningkatan supervisi, pelatihan dan penyediaan sarana bidan. Untuk bidan, agar meningkatkan profesionalisme dlam bekerja. Selain itu, juga menyarankan peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas penyuluhan KIA, serta mendorong jorong/desa untuk menjadi jorong/desa siaga.
In Indonesia both the Maternal and Infant Mortality Rate (MMR & IMR) has significantly reduced. However, these two figures were still higher than that of the ASEAN countries. About a third of the infant deaths took place in the neonatal period, while 80% of the neonatal deaths happened during the first week of life. This was partly caused by both low accessibility and quality of care during that period. During 2006, in District of Solok there were I 0I infant deaths (?) and 7 maternal deaths reported from the 8,250 live births. During the same pdod, at the sub-district of Lembah Gunanti, 47 infant deaths and I maternal death took place form the reported I ,091 live births. The objective of this study was to assess the midwives' practice during the provision of services in the post partum and early neonatal period. In addition, this study at Puskesrnas Aiahan Panjang was also aimed to identify supporting factors in delivering the above services. The design of this study was qualitative research design. The methods of data collection were focus group discussions (FGD), in-depth interview and observation. The number of informants of midwives who took part in both FGD and in-depth interview was 18 persons. In addition, 7 postpartum mothers who were attended by some of the midwives on their delivery were also interviewed. Observation using video camera was made at one of the deliveries (24 hour recording). Both midwife coordinator and chief of the Puskesmas Alohan Panjang were also interviewed. The cont nt analysis technique was used to analyze the qualitative data.Results of the study showed that there were many practices of the midwives during postpartum and early neonatal period which did not follow the standard midwifery care by the Ministry of Health (Depkes, 2003). Health education was not properly implemented and quite often it did not take place. Supervision from the Puskesmas chief or midwife responsible for Materoal and Child Health (MCH) services was insufficient There were very few of the midwives who ever joined training in improving their midwifery skills. From the esults of histuly, it is urgel that both District Health Office (Dinkes) of Solok and Puskesmas Alahan Panjang improve the competency of the midwives through appropriate training, supervision and provision of equipment and. facilities.In addition, strengthening of the midwives in conducting effective health education program is also strongly recommended. In line with this effort, socialization of recent MCH programs and support for the development of "jorong" (Desa Si11ga) is also of utmost importance.
Tuberculosis is a disease that caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2012, the prevalence of the cases reached 12 million and caused 990 thousand death cases in the world. In Indonesia, the prevalence of this disease is 423/100.000 with 27/100.000 for the mortality rate. One of the provinces which have a higher prevalence than the national average is West Java. Bekasi, as one of the city in West Java still has problem in TB control. In the last ten years, the Case Detection Rate has not reached the national target. In addition, there are only 3 (10%) health centers in Bekasi City which are achieved the national target.
Tesis ini membahas pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan imunisasi dasar di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dengan menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2007 dan Susenas 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan imunisasi dasar di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2007. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa waktu tempuh ke fasilitas UKBM merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan imunisasi dasar di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2007. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa untuk meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan kesehatan imunisasi dasar diperlukan optimalisasi manajemen posyandu. Kata kunci: Imunisasi Dasar, Pelayanan Kesehatan, UKBM
The focus of this study is the utilization of basic immunization services in South Sumatera Province using secondary data Riskesdas 2007 and Susenas 2007. The purpose of this study is to know the factors relating to the utilization of basic immunization services in South Sumatera Province. This research is a quantitative research methode with cross sectional design. This study found that the access time to the Community Based Health Efforts (UKBM) facility is the dominant factor in the utilization of basic immunization services in South Sumatera Province in 2007. The researcher suggests that Posyandu management as one of the UKBM should be optimized to increase the basic immunization coverage. Key words: Basic Immunization, Health Service, Community Based Health Efforts (UKBM)
