Ditemukan 33762 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Nurcahaya Sihombing; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Tariswan
Abstrak:
Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru adalah penyakit infeksi yang menular melalui udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keberadaan penderita serumah dengan riwayat terkena TB Paru (≤ 9 bulan) terhadap kejadian kasus sekunder TB Paru di rumah tangga permukiman kumuh Kelurahan Kapuk, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potonglintang dengan variabel independen adalah keberadaan penderita serumah dengan riwayat terkena TB Paru (≤ 9 bulan) dan variabel perancu mencakup perilaku penggunaan ventilasi buatan, frekuensi membuka jendela, frekuensi mengganti sprei dan sarung bantal, frekuensi menjemur kasur dan bantal, etika batuk, kepadatan hunian rumah, dan persentase ventilasi permanen dan ventilasi insidentil. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square hingga analisis > 2 variabel. Analisis statistik memberikan hasil proporsi kejadian kasus sekunder TB Paru sebanyak 1%. Variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan dan sekaligus menjadi variabel dominan secara statistik adalah keberdaan penderita serumah dengan riwayat terkena TB Paru (≤ 9 bulan) (23,7 (95% CI = 2,1-270,5).
Kata kunci: kasus sekunder, permukiman kumuh, TB Paru
Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease transmitted through the air. This study aims to determine the relationship between the existence of household members with history of pulmonary TB (≤9 months) with the incidence of secondary cases of pulmonary TB in slum household of Sub-district of Kapuk, District Cengkareng, West Jakarta in 2018. This study uses a cross-sectional study design with independent variable is the existence of household member with a history of pulmonary TB (≤ 9 months) and confounding variabels included the using of artificial ventilation, opening window frequency, changing of bed sheets and pillowcase frequency, drying mattress and pillow, cough ethics, house density, and the percentage of permanent and incidental ventilation. The analysis was done by Chi-square test until analysis > 2 variables. Statistical analysis show that secondary cases of pulmonary TB proportion is 1%. Variable of the existence of household member with a history of pulmonary TB (≤ 9 months) is the only statistically significant variable and being statistically influential variable (23,7 (95% CI = 2,1-270,5).
Key words: secondary case, slum household, pulmonary TB
Read More
Kata kunci: kasus sekunder, permukiman kumuh, TB Paru
Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease transmitted through the air. This study aims to determine the relationship between the existence of household members with history of pulmonary TB (≤9 months) with the incidence of secondary cases of pulmonary TB in slum household of Sub-district of Kapuk, District Cengkareng, West Jakarta in 2018. This study uses a cross-sectional study design with independent variable is the existence of household member with a history of pulmonary TB (≤ 9 months) and confounding variabels included the using of artificial ventilation, opening window frequency, changing of bed sheets and pillowcase frequency, drying mattress and pillow, cough ethics, house density, and the percentage of permanent and incidental ventilation. The analysis was done by Chi-square test until analysis > 2 variables. Statistical analysis show that secondary cases of pulmonary TB proportion is 1%. Variable of the existence of household member with a history of pulmonary TB (≤ 9 months) is the only statistically significant variable and being statistically influential variable (23,7 (95% CI = 2,1-270,5).
Key words: secondary case, slum household, pulmonary TB
S-9872
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
yanti Riyantiningsih; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Zakianis, Edwan
S-6440
Depok : FKM-UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Duma Marhisar; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Zakianis, Edwan NS.
S-5875
Depok : FKM-UI, 2010
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Bagus Pramudito; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, M. Olik Abdul Holik
S-9711
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Meithyra Melviana Simatupang; Pembimbing: Sri Tjahjani Budi Utami; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Laila Fitri, Didin Aliyudin, Upi Meikawati
Abstrak:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis dilepaskan oleh penderita saat batuk, bersin bahkan ketika berbicara. Durasi dan lamanya paparan kuman TB merupakan faktor penting dalam penularan, terutama pada ruangan tertutup. Maka, orang yang paling rentan tertular adalah kontak serumah penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku dan kondisi lingkungan rumah terhadap adanya gejala TB pada kontak serumah penderita. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan dengan mewawancarai 73 penderita TB serta kontak serumahnya dan mengobservasi kondisi lingkungan rumahnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya gejala TB pada kontak serumah dipengaruhi oleh penderita yang tidak menutup mulut saat batuk/bersin, membuang dahak sembarangan dan kontak serumah yang tidur di ruangan yang sama dengan penderita. Adapun kondisi rumah yang berpengaruh meliputi pencahayaan dan ventilasi yang tidak memenuhi syarat serta kepadatan hunian yang tinggi. Kesimpulannya, perilaku dan kondisi lingkungan rumah berkaitan dengan adanya gejala tuberkulosis pada kontak serumah. Agar tidak terjadi penularan pada kontak serumah, penderita dianjurkan untuk menggunakan masker, kontak serumah tidak boleh tidur bersama penderita. Pencahayaaan dan ventilasi rumah juga harus sesuai syarat rumah sehat untuk mencegah perkembangbiakan mikroorganisme di dalam rumah.
Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, perilaku, lingkungan rumah, kontak serumah
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria exhaled by patients when coughing, sneezing, even speaking. Duration and frequency of exposure is important factor of TB transmission, especially in closed room. Therefore, household contact of TB patient is susceptible. This research aimed to find out the influence of behavior and house environment condition to tuberculosis symptoms existence at household contact of TB patient. This cross-sectional research collected data by interviewed 73 TB patients and their household contact. Then, observation the house environment conditions. Results showed that TB symptoms at household contact was affected by patient behavior to covered mouth when coughing/sneezing, disposed sputum carelessly and household contact behavior who slept in the same room with the patient. While, house condition that affect was not-eligible lighting and ventilation, then high population density. In conclusion, behavior and house environment condition was influenced the existence of TB symptoms at household contact. To avoid tuberculosis transmission, patients is suggested to wear mask and their household contacts should not sleep with them in the same room. Lighting and ventilation also have to comply healthy house requirement to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms in the house.
Keywords: tuberculosis, behavior, house environment, household contact
Read More
Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, perilaku, lingkungan rumah, kontak serumah
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria exhaled by patients when coughing, sneezing, even speaking. Duration and frequency of exposure is important factor of TB transmission, especially in closed room. Therefore, household contact of TB patient is susceptible. This research aimed to find out the influence of behavior and house environment condition to tuberculosis symptoms existence at household contact of TB patient. This cross-sectional research collected data by interviewed 73 TB patients and their household contact. Then, observation the house environment conditions. Results showed that TB symptoms at household contact was affected by patient behavior to covered mouth when coughing/sneezing, disposed sputum carelessly and household contact behavior who slept in the same room with the patient. While, house condition that affect was not-eligible lighting and ventilation, then high population density. In conclusion, behavior and house environment condition was influenced the existence of TB symptoms at household contact. To avoid tuberculosis transmission, patients is suggested to wear mask and their household contacts should not sleep with them in the same room. Lighting and ventilation also have to comply healthy house requirement to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms in the house.
Keywords: tuberculosis, behavior, house environment, household contact
T-4811
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Cecilia Nadine Atillah; Pembimbing: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Siti Widianingrum Dina
Abstrak:
Read More
Hingga saat ini, tuberkulosis paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Sebanyak 10,6 juta orang menderita tuberkulosis di tahun 2021 di dunia dan Indonesia menduduki peringkat kedua terbanyak sebagai penyumbang kasus TB di dunia. Kejadian tuberkulosis di Kota Bandung dalam rentang waktu 2015-2019 terus mengalami kenaikan. Kejadian tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor risiko tuberkulosis paru, termasuk di dalamnya faktor lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kejadian tuberkulosis paru dengan faktor cakupan rumah sehat, kepadatan penduduk, dan serta cakupan rumah tangga berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat menggunakan desain studi ekologi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kejadian tuberkulosis lebih banyak dialami oleh masyarakat berjenis kelamin laki-laki, serta orang-orang yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok usia produktif. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kejadian tuberkulosis paru dengan cakupan rumah sehat dan kepadatan penduduk, dengan keduanya memiliki nilai p masing-masing sebesar 0,000. Sedangkan, usia dan cakupan rumah tangga ber-PHBS tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru, dengan masing-masing nilai p sebesar 0,075 dan 0,876. Untuk memaksimalkan upaya pencegahan tuberkulosis paru yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah, disarankan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat setempat serta memanfaatkan teknologi sebagai fasilitas pemberdayaan serta peran public figure dalam upaya promosi kesehatan.
As of right now, pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a threat to the public health. In 2021, it was estimated about 10.6 million people suffer from tuberculosis worldwide, with Indonesia being the country with the second-largest contributor to tuberculosis cases. In Bandung, the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has risen steadily between 2015 and 2019. Environmental factors and other pulmonary tuberculosis risk factors can have an impact on this prevalence. Using an ecological study methodology, this research seeks to determine the relationship between the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and the variables of healthy home coverage, population density, and the coverage of families with clean and healthy living behaviors. The findings of this study indicates that men and those in the productive age group encounter tuberculosis at higher rates than those in other groups. This study also demonstrates a correlation between the coverage of healthy home and population density with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, with both having a p-value of 0.000. With a p value of 0,075 and 0.876, age and the coverage of families with clean and healthy living behaviors was unrelated to the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is advisable to empower local communities, utilize the technology as an empowerment facility, and utilize the role of public figures in health promotion to maximize the government efforts to prevent the pulmonary tuberculosis.
S-11317
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Asih Tri Rahayu; Pembimbing: Sri Tjahyani Utami; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Rina Wijaya
Abstrak:
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penyebaran penyakit. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Geographical epidemiologi dengan analisa spasial. Sampelnya adalah total populasi penderita tuberculosis paru BTA positif sebanyak 62 orang. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan penyebaran penderita berdasarkan semua faktor lingkungan fisik rumah di wilayah RW dengan kriteria keparahan dari terberat hingga terendah adalah RW 22, 12, 11, 10, 1, 8, 15, 4, 6, 13, 5, dan 17. RW 22, 12, 11, 10, 1, 8, dan 15 merupakan wilayah perkampungan sementara RW 4, 6, 13, 5 dan 17 adalah wilayah perumahan.
Read More
S-8194
Depok : FKM-UI, 2014
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Ikha Purwandari Andari; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Beben Saiful Bahri
S-6112
Depok : FKM UI, 2010
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Minar Indriasih; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Zakianis, Inggariwati, Erni Pelita Fitratunnisa
Abstrak:
Read More
Pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang terjadi secara global telah menjadi ancaman besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu episenter kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia. Hingga tanggal 25 September 2022, DKI Jakarta menjadi penyumbang kasus tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 1.422.965 kasus, dengan 15.553 kasus yang berakhir dengan kematian. Dari total kasus positif di DKI Jakarta per tanggal 25 September 2022 tersebut, Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat menyumbang sebanyak 131.410 kasus dengan mortality rate yang paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 1,35%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim (suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan, kecepatan angin) dan pencemaran udara (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2) dengan kasus COVID-19, menganalisis faktor yang paling dominan dan membuat model prediksi kasus COVID-19 berdasarkan faktor iklim dan pencemaran udara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain studi ekologi berdasarkan waktu (time trend). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Juni 2023 menggunakan data iklim, data pencemaran udara dan data insidens kasus COVID-19 di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2020-2022. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat serta hasilnya disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Hasil uji bivariat dengan korelasi spearman menunjukkan bahwa suhu (p = 0,0000; r = -0,291) dan kecepatan angin (p = 0,001; r = 0,265) berhubungan dengan kasus COVID-19. Hasil uji multivariat dengan regresi linear berganda menunjukkan variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap COVID-19 adalah suhu, kecepatan angin dan PM2.5, dimana faktor yang paling dominan adalah PM2.5. Model prediksi kasus COVID-19 adalah ln(Y) = 22,330 - 0,875(X1) + 1,806(X2) + 0,053(X3) + e dengan R2 = 0,225. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya upaya pengurangan pencemaran PM2.5 di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat sehingga dapat mengurangi kasus penyakit pernapasan termasuk COVID-19. Penelitian ini memanggil peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat melakukan penelitian di tingkat individu dengan desain studi kohort untuk membuktikan hubungan antara paparan polusi udara dengan kasus COVID-19.
The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to public health. DKI Jakarta Province is one of the epicenters of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. As of September 25 2022, DKI Jakarta is the highest contributor of cases, namely 1,422,965 cases, with 15,553 cases ending in death. From the total positive cases in DKI Jakarta as of September 25 2022, the Central Jakarta Administrative City contributed 131,410 cases with the highest mortality rate, which was 1.35%. This study aims to determine the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed) and air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2) with COVID-19 cases, to analyze the most dominant factors and to create a case prediction model. This research is a quantitative study using a time trend ecological study design. The research was conducted in April-June 2023 using climate data, air pollution data and COVID-19 case incidence data in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta for 2020-2022. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results of the bivariate test with Spearman correlation show that temperature (p = 0.0000; r = -0.291) and wind speed (p = 0.001; r = 0.265) are related significantly to COVID-19 cases. The results of the multivariate test with multiple linear regression show that the variables that had a significant relation on COVID-19 are temperature, wind speed and PM2.5, where the most dominant factor is PM2.5. The COVID-19 case prediction model is ln(Y) = 22.330 - 0.875(X1) + 1.806(X2) + 0.053(X3) + e with R2 = 0.225. These findings show the importance to reduce PM2.5 pollution in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta so that it can reduce cases of respiratory diseases including COVID-19. This study calls on future researchers to conduct research at the individual level with a cohort study design to prove the relationship between exposure to air pollution and cases of COVID-19.
T-6754
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Fachrudin Ali Achmad; Pembimbing: Dewi Susanna; Penguji: Umar Fahmi Achmadi, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Wibowo Sukijat, Widyastuti
T-3263
Depok : FKM UI, 2010
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉