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Mochamad Febriansyah Akbar Ali; Pembimbing: Budi Hidayat; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Mardiati Nadjib, Solehudin, Lili Masliyah
Abstrak: Dalam era globalisasis saat ini, pertumbuhan rumah sakit di kota besarmenyebabkan terjadinya kompetisi yang tinggi dalam sektor kesehatan sehinggapersaingan rumah sakit menjadi semakin keras segingga dibutuhkan peranan pembiayaanrumah sakit dalam menyediakan pelayanan yang optimal menjadi sangat penting agarrumah sakit dapat tetap bertahan. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk melakuakan analisisi biayasatuan dan biaya total pelayanan rawat inap sakura berdasarkan metode simpledistribution di RS X Kota Bekasi Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan analisisdeskriptif, bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya satuan di rawat inap sakura yang dilakukanselama satu tahun dengan menggunakan perspektif dari rumah sakit dan biaya yangdihitung adalah biaya yang terkait pada pemakaian tempat tidur atau biaya akomodasipasien saja. Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan metode simple distribution, studimenghasilkan informasi biaya pada kamar rawat inap sakura RS X berupa biaya satuanpada kamar VVIP sebesar Rp 982.374, VIP sebesar 904.215, Kelas 1 sebesar Rp 549.480,Kelas 2 sebesar Rp 502.368. Kelas 3 sebesar Rp 436.181 dan Isolasi sebesar Rp 744.699dan biaya tidak langsung yang dihitung menggunakan metode Full Time Equivalent FTE berupa biaya gaji direksi direksi dan staf RS X perhari sebesar Rp 36.001.
Kata Kunci : rumah sakit, metode simple distribution, rawat inap sakura
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T-5484
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nurbaiti; Pembimbing: Prastuti Soewondo; Pengiji: Pujiyanto, Jaslis Ilyas, Yasni Rufaidah Z, Masni Asbudin
T-2621
Depok : FKM-UI, 2007
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Marlina Widyadewi; Pembimbing: Amal C. Sjaaf, Engkus Kusdinar Achmad
T-1640
Depok : FKM UI, 2003
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nancy JH Nainggolan; Pembimbing: Hasbullah Thabrany, Pujiyanto; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Faiq Bahfen, Sukotjo
T-2130
Depok : FKM-UI, 2005
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Roxanna Kuswandhani; Pembimbing: Budi Hidayat, Pujiyanto; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Hana Johan, Imam Ruliawan
Abstrak: POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE STUDIES HEALTH ECONOMIC AND INSURANCE THESIS, August 2005 Roxanna Kuswandhani SELF-EXPENSE (OUT-OF-POCKET) VARIATION DETERMINANT OF IN-PATIENT SERVICES FOR COMPULSORY HEALTH INSURANCE MEMBERS IN CILEGON GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2004 xv + 77 pages + 12 tables + 1 appendix ABSTRACT Based on the Government Regulation No. 69/91, PT (Persero) Askes is permitted to charge cost sharing to health insurance (Askes) members. The mistake in financing system implemented is that all premiums are carried on by the members. However, in practice, guarantees provided for the members are emphasized more on medical treatment and recovery by charging quite lots of cost sharing, though the services are delivered in Health Service Provider (PPK) net appointed. Consequently, civil servants still have to pay quite lots of self-expense (out-of-pocket). This causes chronic problem for social health insurance in Indonesia, which lead to complaints and blasphemies. Cilegon General Hospital implements health service tariff based on Cilegon Administrative Regulation. The tariff is higher than tariff packet released by PT (Persero) Askes based on a Joint Decree. To avoid more subsidies, compulsory health insurance members who utilize health services in the hospital have to pay by themselves (out-of-pocket) amounting the rest of health service tariff reduced by expense guaranteed by Askes plus Non-DPHO drug cost. This research was carried out in Cilegon General Hospital. The research object is Self-expense (Out-of-Pocket) Variation Determinants of In-Patient Services for Compulsory Health Insurance Members in Cilegon General Hospital in 2004. Data are from the 2004 in-patient register of compulsory health insurance members of Cilegon General Hospital, the 2004 compulsory health insurance member in-patient payment bill, at Cilegon General Hospital finance division, and the 2004 drug usage and prescription report of compulsory health insurance member in-patients of Cilegon General Hospital This research is an analytical survey using quantitative cross sectional approach. Dependent and independent variables are measured simultaneously. The result indicates that of 240 patient populations, self-expense (out-of-packet) variable has an average value of 671,719 rupiahs, with deviation standard 842,414 rupiahs and median 265,143 rupiahs. Meanwhile, the lowest self-expense (out-of-pocket) is 0 rupiahs and the highest is 5,683,925 rupiahs. Using bivariate analysis, variables related to self-expense (out-of-pocket) are age, officialdom level, education level, medical treatment pattern, medical care class choice, and length of care. The last modeling in multivariate analysis using double linear regression analysis yielded self-expense (out-of-pocket) =4.908+0.06*length of care + 0.156*local administration subsidies – 0.683*medical treatment pattern + 0.579*medical care class choice + 0.472*education 2(D3)-0.323 level (officialdom level II). It is recommended that PT Askes evaluate the determination of packet tariff and DHPO drugs periodically, disseminate medical treatment packets and medical care classes appropriate for their level/right and advocate PPK the proportional medical treatment days. It is also recommended for the next research to obtain more complete information on how much the expense for non-DHPO drugs is from respondents. It is hoped that Cilegon General Hospital provide qualified services in spite of different medical service class, upgrade their data so that they can help education, research and development of health. References: 42 (1985—2005)
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T-2174
Depok : FKM-UI, 2005
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nurmetia Priliani; Pembimbing: Ronnie Rivany; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan
T-2071
Depok : FKM-UI, 2005
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Helmawati Perangin-angin; Pembimbing: Puput Oktamianti; Penguji: Atik Nurwahyuni, H. A. Y. G. Wibisono,
Abstrak:

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran  pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap pasien multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang, mengetahui factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, dan untuk mengetahui estimasi nilai rata-rata pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang bagi pasien peserta multiguna. Dan akan dihasilkan suatu nilai estimasi yang menjadi standard acuan untuk melakukan utilisasi review. Dilakukan dengan rancangan cross sectional dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien peserta multiguna yang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat terlihat bahwa  visite rate rawat jalan pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang adalah 1,3 kali yang mana hampir sama dengan visite rate pasien peserta Jamkesda di Kota/Kabupaten lain. Visite rate rawat inap pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang hanya 0,03 kali, dan ini masih rendah dibandingkan dengan visite rate rawat inap peserta Jamkesda Kota/Kabupaten lainnya. Rata-rata biaya rawat jalan dan ALOS pasien peserta multiguna hampir sama dengan tariff rawat jalan dan ALOS INADRG RS Tipe B, Kelas 3 dan Poli Biasa. Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang di pengaruhi oleh umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan dan diagnose penyakit pasien. Peneliti menyarankan agar di dalam menyusun anggaran untuk peserta kartu multiguna bidang kesehatan ini hendaknya diperhatikan factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan tersebut. Kata Kunci : pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, utilisassi review, standard acuan, visite rate, alos.


 

ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to describe of utilization of health service outpatient and inpatient by Multiguna’s patient in The General Hospital of Tangerang, knowing the factors associated with utilization of health services, and to determine an average value of health care utilization of outpatient and inpatient in The General Hospital of Tangerang for Multiguna’s patient that will be estimate the gold standard to conduct the  utilization review. Performed with a cross-sectional design using quantitative approach. Population  was all Multiguna’s patients who utilize health care outpatient and inpatient at The Genaral Hospital of Tangerang. The result of research showed visite rate of outpatient is 1,3 times which is almost the same  visite rate outpatient of Jamkesda participants in the other city. Visite rate of hospitalization  only 0,03 times, still low compared with visite rate of hospitalization Jamkesda participants in the other city. The average cost of outpatient care and ALOS  multiguna’s patient almost equal with rates of outpatient and ALOS of INA-DRG Type B Hospital, Class 3 and ordinary clinic. The results showed that the utilization of outpatient health services and inpatient care by the multiguna’s patient in the general hospital of Tangerang influenced by age, sex, marital status and diagnosis of patient illness. From this study obtained a standard of reference for utilization review. The research suggested that in preparing the budget for  health sector of Multiguna are to be considered factors related to the utilization of health services. Key words: utilization of health services, utilization review, reference standard, visite rate, average length of stay.

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T-3369
Depok : FKM-UI, 2011
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Jeffrey Christian Mahardhika; Pembimbing: Prastuti Soewondo; Penguji: Mardiati Nadjib, Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Heru Pramanto, Felix Kasim
Abstrak:

Latar belakang: Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) meningkatkan utilisasi dan pendapatan pasien dari prosedur operasi rawat inap di RS Jakarta. Namun, peningkatan ini justru menurunkan laba rumah sakit akibat tarif JKN yang relatif rendah. Prosedur operasi bedah umum merupakan prosedur terbanyak yang dilakukan, tetapi memiliki utilitas kamar operasi terendah. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan analisis efisiensi biaya prosedur ini sebagai dasar strategi pengembangan layanan untuk kesinambungan bisnis rumah sakit ke depan. Tujuan: Diketahui perbandingan tingkat efisiensi biaya prosedur operasi agar dapat memberikan rekomendasi strategi efisiensi dan pengembangan prosedur operasi bedah umum JKN di RS Jakarta agar tercapai kesinambungan bisnis rumah sakit yang baik. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data prosedur operasi bedah umum pasien JKN tahun 2023. Biaya satuan dihitung menggunakan metode activity-based costing, mencakup biaya langsung dan tidak langsung. Efisiensi dinilai dengan membandingkan biaya aktual dengan biaya normatif berdasarkan clinical pathway. Total biaya diperoleh dari penjumlahan biaya prosedur dan akomodasi rawat inap. Skor efisiensi teknis dan skala dihitung dengan pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Hasil: Rata-rata biaya satuan prosedur aktual di kamar operasi sebesar Rp3.515.894,65 dengan skor efisiensi 103,0%, yang idealnya ada di bawah 100%. Komponen biaya jasa medis dan obat serta bahan medis habis pakai (BMHP), menjadi pemicu utama inefisiensi. Rata-rata biaya total aktual, yaitu biaya satuan prosedur aktual di kamar operasi ditambah biaya akomodasi adalah Rp4.678.032,01 dengan skor efisiensi 108,4%. Biaya akomodasi menyumbang 24,8% dari biaya total dan berkontribusi besar pada inefisiensi. Prosedur paling efisien adalah hemoroidektomi kelas 3 dan insisi abses perianal (satu kelas). Kesimpulan: Biaya satuan prosedur operasi bedah umum di kamar operasi untuk pasien JKN tahun 2023 belum efisien karena penggunaan obat, BMHP, dan lama rawat inap yang tidak sesuai clinical pathway. Diperlukan penerapan clinical pathway yang ketat, perubahan sistem pembayaran jasa medis berbasis kinerja, serta optimalisasi metode dan jenis anestesi. Rumah sakit juga perlu meningkatkan kompetensi, khususnya di bidang bedah digestif, untuk menghadapi kebijakan kelas standar dan klasifikasi rumah sakit berbasis kompetensi.


Background: The National Health Insurance (JKN) program has led to increased inpatient utilization and revenue at RS Jakarta, particularly through surgical procedures. However, this increase has paradoxically reduced hospital profit margins due to the relatively low reimbursement rates under JKN. General surgery accounts for the highest number of procedures but demonstrates the lowest operating room utilization. Therefore, a cost-efficiency analysis of these procedures is essential to inform service development strategies that ensure long-term hospital sustainability.  Objective: This study aims to compare the cost efficiency of general surgical procedures for JKN patients, providing strategic recommendations to improve efficiency and develop general surgery services to support sustainable hospital operations.  Methods: The study used data on general surgical procedures performed on JKN patients in 2023. Unit costs were calculated using an activity-based costing method, incorporating both direct and indirect costs. Efficiency was assessed by comparing actual costs to normative costs based on clinical pathways. Total costs included both procedural and inpatient accommodation expenses. Technical and scale efficiency scores were calculated using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach.  Results: The average unit cost for actual surgical procedures in the operating room was IDR 3,515,894.65, with an efficiency score of 103.0%, indicating inefficiency as ideal scores should be below 100%. Direct operating costs—particularly medical services, medications, and consumables—were the main contributors to inefficiency. The average total actual cost, including accommodation, was IDR 4,678,032.01, with an efficiency score of 108.4%. Accommodation costs accounted for 24.8% of the total and were a significant source of inefficiency. The most efficient procedures were Grade 3 hemorrhoidectomy and perianal abscess incision (single class).  Conclusion: The unit costs for general surgical procedures under JKN in 2023 remain inefficient relative to clinical pathway standards, primarily due to inappropriate use of medications, consumables, and extended length of stay. Improvements are needed through stricter clinical pathway implementation, performance-based physician remuneration, and optimization of anesthetic techniques. The hospital must also enhance competencies, particularly in digestive surgery, in anticipation of standard class policies and competency-based hospital classifications.

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T-7250
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Roza Leswirna; Pembimbing: Ilyas, Jaslis; Penguji: Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Mieke Savitri, Rustam Effendi
Abstrak:

ABSTRAK Pengukuran kinerja puskesmas selama ini di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota adalah dengan melihat pencapaian program. Pengukuran ini kurang komprehensif, maka perlu dilakukan pengukuran yang lebih komprehensif, salah satunya yaitu dengan metoda balanced scorecard, dimana kinerja dilihat dari empat perpektif, yaitu perspektif keuangan, perspektif pelanggan, perspektif proses bisnis internal serta perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kinerja puskesmas rawat inap dengan pendekatan balanced scorecard. Data diambil di Puskesmas Pangkalan dan Puskesmas Dangungdangung pada bulan April – Mei 2008. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dan tingkat kepuasan karyawan. Sedangkan data skunder untuk perspektif keuangan, perspektif proses bisnis internal dan perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran.. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kinerja Puskesmas Pangkalan pada perspektif keuangan belum baik, tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dilihat dari lima dimensi mutu adalah sebagai berikut: dimensi tangible sebesar 48,7% puas, reliability 35,9% puas, responsivess 51,3% puas, assurance 43,6% puas, empathy 35,9% puas. Pencapaian cakupan pelayanan puskesmas tahun 2005 sampai 2007 adalah sebagai berikut: cakupan K4 sebesar 78,5%, 87% dan 87%, cakupan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan 72,6%, 92,5% dan 94%, cakupan imunisasi lengkap bayi 86,4%, 92%, 92%, cakupan berat badan balita naik 84,1%, 81%, 87%, penemuan penderita TB Paru 40%, 41,3% dan 42%, cakupan kampanye PHBS 40%, 60% dan 80% serta cakupan penyuluhan kesehatan lingkungan 40%, 75% dan 80%. Tingkat kepuasan karyawan sebesar 48,3% puas pada kebutuhan fisik/biologis, 65,5% puas pada kebutuhan rasa aman, 48,3% puas pada kebutuhan bersosialisasi, 72,4% puas pada kebutuhan penghargaan dan 65,5% puas pada kebutuhan aktualisasi diri. Tingkat absensi dari tahun 2005 sampai 2007 adalah 0,97%, 0,80% dan 0,70%. Akses pendidikan dan pelatihan dari tahun 2005 sampai 2007 adalah 2 , 3 dan 3 orang. Sedangkan kinerja Puskesmas Dangung-dangung, perspektif keuangan belum baik, tingkat kepuasan pelanggan pada dimensi tangible sebesar 49,1% puas, reliability 50,9 % puas, responsivess 49,1% puas, assurance 35,1% puas, empathy 40,4% puas. Pencapaian cakupan pelayanan puskesmas tahun 2005 sampai 2007 adalah sebagai berikut: cakupan K4 sebesar 91,7%, 89,7% dan 78,2%, cakupan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan 100%, 100% dan 81%, cakupan imunisasi lengkap bayi 65,5%, 93%, dan 95,5%, cakupan berat badan balita naik 68,7%, 79,5%, 85,5%, penemuan penderita TB Paru 40%, 40,5% dan 36,8%, cakupan kampanye PHBS 79,5%, 67,4% dan 82% serta cakupan penyuluhan kesehatan lingkungan 68,8%, 81,3% dan 100%. Tingkat kepuasan karyawan sebesar 38,7% puas pada kebutuhan fisik/biologis, 61,3% puas pada kebutuhan rasa aman, 54,8% puas pada kebutuhan bersosialisasi, 22,6% puas pada kebutuhan penghargaan dan 45,2% puas pada kebutuhan aktualisasi diri. Tingkat absensi dari tahun 2005 sampai 2007 adalah 0,91%, 0,89% dan 0,70%. Akses pendidikan dan pelatihan dari tahun 2005 sampai 2007 adalah 1 , 2 dan 2 orang Daftar bacaan : 37 (1992 - 2007).


ABSTRACT The measure of puskesmas performance at Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota is to see how much the programmed has been achieved. But this measuring is not comprehensive, so there is a need to perform a properly comprehensive measurement, which is balanced scorecard method, the performance was observed on four perspectives, which is finance perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and growth and training perspective. This study is designed to use descriptive analytic researched which aim to a picture of puskesmas in-impatience performance through balanced scorecard method. Data been collected from Puskesmas Pangkalan and Puskesmas Dangung-dangung since April – May 2008. The utilized data is primary data to know the customer satisfaction level and employee satisfaction. Meanwhile secondary data was applied to finance perspective, internal business process perspective, and growth and training perspective. The research shows that Puskesmas Pangkalan performance are finance perspective is not good, customer satisfaction can obtained from five quality dimension, there are : tangible dimension as 48,7% satisfied, reliability 35,9% satisfied, responsiveness 51,3% satisfied, assurance 43,6% satisfied, empathy 35,9% satisfied, The achievement of Puskesmas service coverage on 2005 until 2007 as follows K4 coverage as 78,5%, 87% and 87%, delivery coverage by health personnel 72,6%, 92,5% and 94%, baby complete immunization coverage 86,4%, 92%, 92%, increased infant weight coverage was 84,1%, 81%, 87%, founding TB Paru patient 40%, 41,3% and 42%, PHBS campaign coverage 40%, 60% and 80% and coverage of counseling for environment health 40%, 75% and 80%. Employee satisfaction level at 48,3% satisfied on availability of physically/biologically need, 65,5% satisfied on safety on work need, 48,3% satisfied on socialization need, 72,4% satisfied on achievement reward need, and 65,5% satisfied on self actualization need. Absence range on 2005 until 2007 was 0,97%, 0,80% and 0,70%. Access to found properly training and sufficient education from 2005 until 2007 was 2, 3 and 3 personnel. Meanwhile the performance of Puskesmas Dangung-dangung are finance perspective is not good, customer satisfaction level at tangible dimension as 49,1% satisfied, responsiveness 49,1% satisfied, assurance 35,1% satisfied , empathy 40,4% satisfied. The achievement of Puskesmas service coverage on 2005 until 2007 as follows K4 coverage as 91,7%, 89,7% and 78,2%, delivery coverage by health personnel 100% and 100%, and 81%, baby complete immunization coverage 65,5%, 93%, and 95,5%, increased infant weight coverage was 68,7%, 79,5%, 85,5%, founding TB Paru patient 40%, 40,5% and 36,8%, PHBS campaign coverage 79,5%, 67,4% and 82% and coverage of counseling for environment health 68,8%, 81.3% and 100%. Employee satisfaction level at 38,7% satisfied on availability of physically/biologically need, 61,3% satisfied on safety on work need, 54,8% satisfied on socialization need, 22,6% satisfied on achievement reward need, and 45,2% satisfied on self actualization need. Absence range on 2005 until 2007 was 0, 91%, 0, 89% and 0, 70%. Access to found properly training and sufficient education from 2005 until 2007 was 1, 2 and 2 personnel. Bibliography: 39 (1992 – 2007)

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T-2879
Depok : FKM-UI, 2008
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Anggun Nabila; Pembimbing: Ronnie Rivany; Penguji: Anhari Achadi, Wachyu Sulistiadi, Farida Israny, Mulyani A S Gultom
T-4421
Depok : FKM-UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
:: Pengguna : Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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