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The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates that in year 2020 the rate of new cancer cases will increase up to 300% to an estimated 27 million people with 17 million estimated to die. At that time, there will be approximately 75 million people in the world who suffer from cancer where 70% of the cancer patients will be from developing countries. With the increasing amount of cancer patients throughout the world, the usage of radiotherapy will also increase. In reality, although the process has been very tightly controlled and supervised, accidents caused by an overdose of radiation exposure still occurs. From a number of radiation accidents, it has been found that the cause is not only due to technical factors, but that planning and administration also plays a role. This factor will be magnified with the increasing work load the radiotherapy operators have to handle with the total patients exceeding the capacity of the available equipment. The purpose of this research is to develop a work health and safety program at XYZ hospital, not only for the safety of the radiation technicians (occupational exposure) and public safety (public exposure) but also and especially for the patients safety (medical exposure). The development of the program is done by identifying all the dangers as well as conducting a risk analysis on each step of the process of providing radiotherapy services. To get an overall picture of the implementation of the health management and safety system, the evaluation is made against the OHSAS 1800:2007 and the IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3. Based on the risk analysis and the "gap" analysis with OHSAS 18002:2007 and the IAEA GS-R-3, to reduce the risks identified, the risk management recommendations made are more for the procedural management as well as the continuous development of the manpower competency.
Berdasarkan estimasi dari International Agancy for Research on Cancer (IARC) diperkirakan pada tahun 2020, kasus baru penyakit kanker akan meningkat hingga mencapai 300% yaitu sekitar 27 juta penderita dengan jumlah kematian sekitar 17 juta jiwa. Pada saat itu didunia akan terdapat sekitar 75 juta orang yang menderita penyakit kanker dimana 70 % dari penderita kanker tersebut akan terjadi dinegara yang sedang berkembang. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita kanker diseluruh dunia maka jumlah pemanfaatan terapi radiasi juga semakin meningkat. Tapi kenyataannya, walaupun pengendalian dan pengawasan telah dilakukan dengan sangat ketat, kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh paparan radiasi disebabkan dosis yang berlebih terhadap pasien masih tetap saja terjadi. Dari beberapa kasus kecelakaan radiasi, faktor penyebabnya tidak saja desebabkan oleh faktor teknis, faktor perencanaan maupun administrasi juga mempunyai peran. Faktor ini akan bertambah lagi dengan beban kerja operator radioterapi dalam menangani pasien yang jumlahnya melebihi kapasitas peralatan yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan suatu program kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di RS XYZ tidak saja untuk keselamatan pekerja radiasi (occupational exposure), keselamatan publik (public exposure) tetapi juga yang terutama untuk keselamatan pasien (medical exposure). Pengembangan program tadi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi seluruh bahaya yang ada dalam proses pelayanan radioterapi beserta kajian risiko untuk mengetahui level bahaya dari setiap tahap kegiatan. Evaluasi sistem yang ada juga dilakukan terhadap standar OHSAS 18001:2007 maupun IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3 untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara menyeluruh dari penerapan sistem manajemen kehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Dari hasil analisa Risiko dan hasil evaluasi OHSAS 18001:2007 dan Standard IAEA GS-3-R, dalam hal mengurangi risiko radiasi yang telah diidentifikasi, maka usulan pengendalian risiko lebih banyak diusulkan pada pengendalian secara prosedural disertai pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia secara terus menerus.
Kata kunci :ISO 31000, penilaian risiko, kemungkinan, pemajanan, konsekuensi, tingkatrisiko
SMEs workers are exposed to significant risk due to improper implementation atrisk management. This study aimed to evaluate the risk level at two tekstile SMEsby using risk assessment method developed by W.T Fine. It was found that veryhigh risk was associated with safety hazard (electricity) ; ergonomic hazard(handling) ; chemical hazard (fume exposure). Priority 1 risk was associated withmechanical hazard (seewing) ; physical hazard (temperature). Substantial risk wasassociated with chemical hazard (dust ; solvent) ; gravity hazard (struck down)physical hazard (lightning exposure). Priority 3 was associated with safety hazard(work area) ; work organization hazard (work stress). Acceptable risk wasassociated with mechanical hazard (scissoring ; ironing) ; physical hazard (gastube).
Key word :ISO 31000, risk assessment, probability, exposure, consequences, risk level.
This study discusses the assessment of occupational safety risks in off-road adventure tourism activities at the Merapi Volcano Tour Tourism Object in 2022. This study aims to determine the process of several off-road adventure tourism activities involving car operators, tourists, and tourist videographers, the potential hazards that exist in each tourism activity, the potential for unwanted events, and the probability and consequences of each event, and the level of risk. This research is in the form of descriptive research using a qualitative approach. Hazard and risk identification are carried out using the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Determining Control (HIRADC) table which has been modified as needed and risk analysis using qualitative risk analysis based on HB 205-2004 Australian Standards. The results of this study obtained 4 types of work, 9 activities, 33 hazards, 64 unexpected events, and 114 impacts with details of 35 low risk, 41 moderate risks, 37 high risks, and 1 extreme risk. From the results of this study, it is recommended that control measures be taken to reduce the level of risk and conduct socialization or education related to the existing hazards and risks. An OHS management system also needs to be implemented and developed to manage risk sustainably.
Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety in the Microbiology laboratoryis especially important to be performed, where the Microbiology laboratory isone ofworkplace helath hazards easily contract the disease, the risk of occupationalaccidents and occupational diseases. The aim is to know the level of risk k3 activityroutine sample check such as checking blood culture, sputum and providerecommendations. Stages of Management of risk approach to risk management ibased on AS/NZS 4360:2004, hazard identification methods used are GenericModel for determinaation of the level of risk and risk analysis methodssemiquantitatively using a score based on the value in WT Fine in Jean Cross,1998. Existing risk (taking into account existing controls) on the activityof bloodand sputum culture examination are grouped according to the stages of labor andscoring done by Fine to determine the level of risk, Great risk levels obtained were13, the risk level Priority 3 as many as 17, and as Acceptable risk levels 6. Toreduce the risk of K3 on workers health analyst at the Microbiology conductedengineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment(PPE).Keywords: risk assessment, health analyst, microbiology laboratory
Kata kunci:Kesadaran, Kepemimpinan & Komitmen, Kebijakan, Manajemen Risiko, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
