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ABSTRAK
Nama : Karmellia Nikke Darnesti
Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Judul : Analisis Kinerja Unit Pelayanan Gigi Puskesmas Kelurahan di
Wilayah Kecamatan Koja Jakarta Utara Tahun 2018
Pembimbing : Prastuti Soewondo, S.E., MPH., Ph.D
Lebih dari 50% penduduk di Indonesia memiliki permasalahan gigi dan mulut, ironisnya
berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018, hanya sekitar 10% yang mampu mendapat akses ke layanan
kesehatan gigi. Rifaskes 2011 mengindikasikan cakupan program usaha kesehatan gigi
berbasis masyarakat di puskesmas masih sangat rendah, termasuk di wilayah DKI Jakarta.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian atas kinerja unit pelayanan gigi
puskesmas kelurahan di wilayah Kecamatan Koja. Pendekatan wawancara mendalam,
observasi, dan telaah dokumen dilakukan pada dua jenis unit pelayanan gigi yang ada di
puskesmas kelurahan wilayah Kecamatan Koja. Terdapat dua skema, yaitu Pola I yang
memiliki dokter gigi saja dan Pola III memiliki dokter gigi dan terapis gigi. Hasil
penelitian menyatakan bahwa unit pelayanan gigi pola III memiliki kinerja pelayanan gigi
yang lebih baik karena dapat menangani lebih banyak pasien dan tindakan, serta dapat
memenuhi program Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah (UKGS) dan Upaya Kesehatan Gigi
Masyarakat (UKGM). Sebaliknya, unit pelayanan gigi pola I hanya dapat memenuhi
program UKGS dan menangani jumlah pasien yang lebih sedikit. Adanya kompetisi
waktu antara program kesehatan gigi masyarakat dan poli gigi membuat dokter gigi
kesulitan memenuhi semua pelayanan gigi. Pelaksanaan program UKGS maupun UKGM
yang dipenuhi hanya terbatas pada penyuluhan singkat dan pemeriksaan sederhana yang
dilaksanakan sekedar memenuhi target. Akibatnya, permasalahan gigi dapat terus
berkembang menjadi penyakit yang semakin parah dan membutuhkan perawatan lebih
kompleks. Hasil kajian juga menguak bahwa tindakan mayoritas, yaitu mumifikasi,
kurang sesuai dengan standar perawatan yang dibutuhkan karena keterbatasan sumber
daya. Disamping itu, tugas manajemen puskesmas ternyata menambah beban kerja dokter
gigi dan mempengaruhi kinerja unit pelayanan gigi. Kolaborasi dokter gigi dengan terapis
gigi akan meningkatkan kinerja unit pelayanan gigi karena dapat mengakomodasi
kenaikan permintaan pelayanan, membantu melaksanakan semua upaya kesehatan gigi,
dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dalam era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN).
Kata kunci: kinerja, pelayanan gigi, puskesmas, dokter gigi, terapis gigi
ABSTRACT
Name : Karmellia Nikke Darnesti
Study Program : Public Health Science
Title : Analysis of Dental Medical Unit Performance in Puskesmas
Kelurahan at Koja District North Jakarta 2018
Counsellor : Prastuti Soewondo, S.E., MPH., Ph.D
More than 50% of the population in Indonesia were reported to have dental problems,
ironically based on Riskesdas 2018, only around 10% are able to get access to dental
services. Rifaskes 2011 has indicated the coverage of the community-based oral health
program at the Puskesmas is quietly low, even in the DKI Jakarta. This study aims to
analyze the performance of the dental medical unit at the puskesmas kelurahan in Koja
District area. The approach is through in-depth interviews, observations, and document
studies were carried out on two types of dental medical units that mostly be divided into
Pattern I with only dentist and Pattern III which have dentist and dental therapist. The
results of the study indicated that Pattern III had higher dental service performance
primarily because it could handle more patients and type of treatments also could carry
out School-based Oral Health (UKGS) and Community-based Oral Health (UKGM)
programs. In contrast, Pattern I only fulfill the UKGS program and handle fewer patients.
Clash of time between community-based program and dental poly makes it difficult for
dentists to fulfill all dental services. The implementation of the UKGS and UKGM
programs which only brief counseling and screening tended merely meet the targets so
that dental problems become more severe then require more complex treatments. The
study also revealed that the mummification, which were among the most frequent
treatment, were not in accordance with the standard of care due to limited resources. In
addition, management duties within puskesmas adds further workload of dentists and
influenced the performance of dental service. Dentist collaboration with dental therapist
will improve the performance of the dental service, allowing them to accommodate the
increase in demand, support implementation of all dental health efforts, and improve
dental service quality in the era of National Health Insurance (JKN).
Keywords : dental services; performance; puskesmas; dentist; dental therapist
Kata kunci:Diare, STBM, Odf
Universal access sanitation is one of the targets of the RPJMN 2015-2019 andSDGs 2030. Based on data WHO (2016), there are approximately 842.000 people inlow and middle income countries dying effect from inadequate water, sanitation andhygiene, and an estimated 58% of the total deaths caused by diarrhea. West Java hasbecome one of the prevalence of clinical diarrhea above the national rate, the highestnumber of diarrhea occurrence is in Bogor Regency, which is 163,904 cases(149.25%). CLTS is a national program promoted since 2008 to solve the problem ofenvironment-based disease, through 5 points that carried.The coverage of decent sanitation in Bogor Regency in 2016 is 4.027.279 people(72.1%) of the target achievement 71.13%. This is in contrast to the currentimplementation of CLTS indicating that, there are still 45 villages with open defecationfree (odf) status of 434 villages in Bogor Regency. The progress report of the nationalCLTS showed that the implementation of CLTS point 1 in Bogor Regency the highest isin Cigombong, due to the cooperation of cross-sector and comitment from thecommunity. While the lowest odf report is in Rumpin, because Rumpin has not doingthe CLTS program which is one of the main causes due to the limited of humanresources.The odf report did not indicate any effect on the incidence of diarrhea. Theincidence of diarrhea in Cigombong that all villages in the region have odf is higherthan Rumpin that all villages in the region has not odf, it is because there are still otherfactors besides BABS that can cause diarrhea.
Key words:Diarrhea, CLTS, Odf.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pengendalian menggunakan perhitungan EOQ, SS, dan ROP lebih efisien karena dapat meningkatkan nilai Inventory Turnover Ratio dan memiliki nilai rata-rata persediaan lebih rendah. Terdapat perbedaan Inventory Turnover Ratio yang signifikan antara pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan oleh rumah sakit dengan proses pengendalian jika menggunakan perhitungan EOQ, SS dan ROP. Peneliti menyarankan untuk melakukan pengelompokkan obat dengan analisis ABC, perhitungan EOQ yang berulang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pada pengendalian persediaan farmasi.
