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ABSTRAK
Nama : Prastiwi Handayani
Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Judul : Gambaran Respon Ibu Balita dan Petugas Kesehatan Terhadap
Kampanye Imunisasi Measles Rubella (MR) Di Kelurahan
Jakasampurna, Kota Bekasi Tahun 2019
Pembimbing : Dr. drs. Tri Krianto, M.Kes
Salah satu penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan dengan imunisasi (PD3I) adalah campak.
Penyakit campak dan rubella adalah penyakit yang mudah menular yang disebabkan oleh
virus dan ditularkan melalui batuk dan bersin. Kampanye imunisasi MR berakhir tanggal
31 Desember 2018. Pencapaian terendah di Jawa Barat, salah satunya kota Bekasi sebesar
85,85 persen. Dari 39 Puskesmas di Kota Bekasi terdapat lima puskesmas yang
cakupannya rendah, salah satunya yaitu Puskesmas Rawa Tembaga dengan cakupan 73%
(Bekasi, 2018). Jumlah anak yang diimunisasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rawa
Tembaga, Kelurahan Jakasampurna sebanyak 12.807 anak dari target sasaran16.529
anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran respon ibu terhadap kampanye
imunisasi MR. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dilakukan secara singkat atau Rapid Assesment
Procedures (RAP) dengan metode wawancara mendalam. Pengumpulan data dilakukan
pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2019 di Kelurahan Jakasampurna, Kota Bekasi. Jumlah
informan adalah 17 orang ibu yang memiliki anak usia 9 sampai 59 bulan dengan teknik
purposive (non probability). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dengan adanya informasi
atau kampanye imunisasi MR baik di media massa maupun fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan
menunjukkan respon positif terhadap informan dengan membawa anaknya untuk
melakukan imunisasi MR. Informan yang bersikap negatif terhadap kampanye tidak
membawa anaknya untuk memberikan imunisasi MR dan cenderung mengabaikan
manfaat yang didapat dari memberikan imunisasi MR serta efek yang terjadi pada anak
jika tidak memberikan imunisasi pada anaknya.
Kata kunci:
Campak dan rubella, imunisasi MR, Kampanye
ABSTRACT
Name : Prastiwi Handayani
Study Program : Health Pormotion
Title : An overview of response of mothers of infants and health workers
to the Measles Rubella immunization campaign (MR) in the
Jakasampurna village, Bekasi city, 2019
Counsellor : Dr. drs. Tri Krianto, M.Kes
One of the diseases that can be prevented by immunization (PD3I) is measles. Measles
and rubella are infectious diseases that are caused by viruses and are transmitted through
coughing and sneezing. The MR immunization campaign ends on December 31, 2018.
The lowest achievement is in West Java, one of which is Bekasi city at 85.85 percent. Of
the 39 Puskesmas in Bekasi City there are five low-coverage puskesmas, one of which is
the Rawa Tembaga Health Center with a coverage of 73% (Bekasi, 2018). The number
of children immunized in the working area of the Rawa Tembaga Community Health
Center, Jakasampurna Subdistrict was 12,807 children from the target target of 16,529
children. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the mother's response to
the MR immunization campaign. This type of qualitative research is carried out briefly
or Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP) with in-depth interview methods. Data collection
is conducted from May to June 2019 in the Jakasampurna Village, Bekasi City. The
number of informants is 17 mothers who have children aged 9 to 59 months with a
purposive (non probability) technique. The results of this study indicate that with
information or MR immunization campaigns in both the mass media and health care
facilities, they showed a positive response to informants by bringing their children to do
MR immunization. Informants who were negative towards the campaign did not bring
their children to provide MR immunization and tended to ignore the benefits obtained
from providing MR immunization as well as the effects that occur on children if they did
not give immunizations to their children.
Keywords: Measles and rubella, MR Immunization, campaign
ARI is one the causes of under five morbidity and mortality throughout the world and one third of the number of under five mortality is a caused by ARI. The results of the Riskesdas in 2018 ARI with Pneumonia were the second largest disease after diarrhea was the cause of various under five mortality. The national prevalence of ARI according to the diagnosis of health personnel 4,4% in all age groups and the prevalence of ARI for infants is 7,8%. The aim of te study was to determine the determinans of ARI preventive behavior in Bukit Harapan Health center area of the North Bengkulu Regency years 2019. Cross sectional study design, the sample size is determined by two proportion test, sampel of 182 respondent, the method of sampling is simple random sampling, methods of collecting interview data using questionnaire, the test used chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis. The resulth of the study were 63,4% of mother behaving well in the prevention of ARI, a description of the predisposing factor in hight obuosity knowladge as much as 44%, the proportion of working mothers as much as 56%, age of the mothers known 69,2%, adults and high income respondents 39,6%. The description of enebling factors (accses to healt facilities) is easy as much as 56% and the description of reinforcement factor (family support) 62,6% of mother who have enough family support.This study proves that age of the mother (p value=0,001 OR= 0,671, 95% CI 2,647-42,593), family support (p value=0,027 OR=5,171, 95% CI 1,206-22,175) and access to health facilities (p value=0,027 OR=4,808, 95% CI 1,194- 19,366) are related to behavioral prevention of ARI, while knowledge, attitudes and work are counfounding variables. The most dominant factor associated whit ARI prevention behavior in infants is the age of the mother (p value 0,001,OR 10,95% CI= 2,647-42,593)
Angka kematian bayi (AKB) di Kabupaten Garut mencapat 54,8 per l000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2005 dan anglca ini masih jauh diatas AKB Provinsi Jawa Barat (44 per 2000 kelahiran hidup). Rendahnya status kesehatan neonatal di Kabupaten Garut dapat dilihat dari masih banyak ditemukan kasus kematian neonatal dalam tiga tahun temkhir. Tahun 2003 ditemukan ada sebanyak 272 kasus kematian neonatal, dan meningkat pada tahun 2005 menjadi 297 kasus. Penyebab tidak langsung dari kasus kematian neonatal ini adalah karena perilaku masyarakat yang belum mendukung dalam penanganan bayi baru lahir secara adekuat. Tujuan pcnelitlan ini adalah diketahuinya determinan praktek ibu dalam perawatan neonatal di Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari hasil Survei Data Dasar Kesehatan Bayi Baru Lahir Esensial di Kabupaten Gantt Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2007. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Cross sectional, dengan populasi adalah ibu yang mempunyai bayi berumur 1-ll bulan yang tinggal menetap di 10 kccamatan di Kabupaten Garut. Sampel berjumlah 577 ot-ang, diambil menggunakan vmetode cluster probability proportionate size. Hasil penelitian memmjukkan dari 577 ibu, baru 48,5% yang melakukan praktek pcrawatan neonatal baik. Pengetahuan ibu lentang pemwatan neonatal berhubungan dengan praktek ibu dalam perawatan neonatal, dimana ibu bcrpengetahuan baik bepeluang 2,2 kali melakukan praktek perawatan neonatal secara baik dibanding dengan ibu yang berpengetahuan tidak baik, setelah dikontrol penyuluhan oleh tenaga kesehatan, duktmgan keluarga, pendidikan ibu dan pckerjaan ibu (OR = 2,2; 95% Cl = 1,2 ~ 3,7). Dukungan keluarga berhubungan dengan praktek ibu dalam perawatan neonatal, dimana ibu yang mcnilai dukungan keluarganya cukup, berpeluang 1,7 kali melakukan praktek perawatan neonatal sccara baik dibanding dengan ibu yang menilai dukungan kcluarganya kurang, setelah dikontrol oleh pengetahuan ibu, penyuluhan oleh tenaga kesehatan, pendidikan ibu dan pekerjaan ibu (OR = l,7; 95% Cl = 1,0-3,0). Oleh karena pcngetahuan ibu merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan praktek ibu dalam perawatan neonatal maka disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Garut uutuk berupaya meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu mclalui pelatihan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi (KIE) bagi bidan di desa (BdD) dan tokoh masyarakat, sebingga bidan di desa dan tokoh masyarakat terampil dalam menyampaikan intbrmasi tentang perawatan neonatal. Biden di desa perlu meningkatkan kegiatan penyampaian informasi tentang perawatan neonatal yang benar menurut kesehatan dengan lebih memanfaatkan buku KIA dan gambar-gambar dalam lembar balik, pada saat berkunjung ke rumah maupun dilcunjungi para ibu hamil serta ibu nifas dan keluarganya. Kcgiatan pemberian informasi ini agar dilakukan bertahap dan berulang sampai ibu tersebut bcnar-bcnar memahami dan mampu mempralctekkan perawatan neonatal sesuai kesehatan. Bidan di desa juga pcrlu meningkatkan upaya motivasi kepada para ibu hamil dan ibu nifas, agar mereka dapat mengadopsi perilaku sehat untuk diri dan bayinya, melalui kegiatan penyuluhan di posyandu dan di pengajian ibu-ibu.
In Garut District Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is still low, 54,8_/ 1000 live births in 2005. lt’s higher than Ill/ill in West .lava44 I 1000 live births). The neonatal status in Garut district was still low wich was indicated by high neonatal deaths in the last three years. 'I`he neonatal mortality rate was increased from 272 cases in 2003 to 297 cases in 2005. Indirect causes of neonatal deaths was inadequate newborn care. The objective of this research is to know the determinants of mother’s pmotico on neonatal sore in Garut district in 2007. This study using data from Baseline Survey of Neonatal Care Essential in Gantt District in 2007. Cross sectional design was used with 577 mothers with babies I-11 months as a sample. Sample design was 2 stages cluster and sample were selected using probability proportionate to size (PPS). This research showed only 48,5% of mothers practice on neonatal care well. There was a significant relationship between mother’s knowledge and practice on neonatal care after adjusted by education and conselling from health provider, family support. mothers education and motl;or’s worklrlg status. Mothers who had good knowledge about neonatal care had chance 2,2 times to practice well on neonatal care compare to mother with not good of knowledge (OR = 2,2; 95% CI = 1,2-3,7). There was a significant relationship between families support and practice on neonatal care alle: adjusted by mother’s knowledge, education and conselling from health provider, mother‘s education and mother’s working status. Mothers who had enough of families support had chance 1,7 times to practice well on neonatal care compare to mother with not enough families support (OR = l,7; 95% Cl = 1,0-3,0). Because of mothers knowledge is the most dominant factor significant relationship with practice on neonatal care, suggestions to do like communication skill training, communication, information and education process to increase village midwives’s and community leaders skill ability to give infomation about neonatal care to pregnant women and their ti-smilies, postnatal mother and their families need to be done. information about essential neonatal care, by using Mother and Child books, pictures folds, while health workers visiting mother and her family is important. These activities need to be done repeatedly until mother and her family could adopt and do neonatal care correctly based on health standard. Improve regnant and postnatal women motivation to adopt health behaviour in Posyandu and women religion meeting are very important to be done.
