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Penyakit Malaria merupakan penyakit yang endemis di Indonesia. Penyakit Malaria sering dikaitkan dengan perubahan iklim, karena baik nyamuk Anopheles maupun Plasmodium sensitif terhadap perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sigeblok, Kecamatan Banjarnangu, Kabupaten Banjrnegara untuk mengetahui apakah iklim dan kepadatan vektor berhubungan dengan kejadian Malaria di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi korelasi dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan sejak bulan Oktober 1999 hingga September 2001 oleh Stasiun Lapangan Pemberantas Vektor (SLPV) Banjamegara, Dinas Kesehatan Banjamegara, dan Kantor Badan Statistik Banjamegara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata Man Biting Rule (MBR) per bulan adalah 0,09757 untuk An. aconirus, 0,05875 untuk An. maculatus, dan 0,009167 untuk An. balabacencis. Rata-rata per bulan faktor iklim adalah curah hujan 634, 5mm, jumlah hari hujan 15,08 hari, index hujan 308,83, suhu 25,52°C dan kelembaban 88,87%. Sedangkan rata-rata kejadian malaria adalah 33 per bulan. Hasil analisis bivariat memperlihatkan bahwa kejadian penyakit malaria bermakna secara statistik dengan dengan curah hujan (p=0,007), indeks hujan (p=0,027), serta berpola negalif dengan MBR An aconims (p==0,023)_ Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kejadian malaria dengan jumlah hari hujan, suhu, kelembaban, MBR A n. maculatus dan MBR An. balabacencis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah curah hujan dan indeks hujan berhubungan secara bemakna dengan kejadian malaria, sedangkan MBR An. aconirus berhubungan secara bermakna dan berbanding terbalik dengan kejadian malaria. Jumlah hari hujan, suhu, kelembaban, MBR An. macrulatus dan MBR An. balabacencis tidak bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah perlunya Dinas Kesehatan Banjamegara untuk melakukan program pencegahan kejadian malaria terutama menjelang musim hujan dengan cara mempersiapkan obat, melakukan penyemprotan, larva ciding, serta membenikan penyuluhan bagi masyarakat agar menghindari kontak dengan nyamuk dengan cara menggunakan kelambu, berpakaian yang menutupi permukaan kulit, serta tidak melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah pada malam hari. Bagi SLPV pengumpulan data, terutama yang berkaitan dengan usia nyamuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih baik mengenai hubungan antara iklim, kepada vektor dan kejadian malaria. Penelitian lanjutan lebih lengkap seperti data mengenai usia nyamuk serta bagaimana keadaan lingkungan biologi dari wilayah penelitian.
Malaria is an endemic disease in Indonesia. Malaria often related to climate, because both Anopheles mosquito and the Plasmodium are sensitive to climate change. This study was carried out in Sigeblok Village, Banjarmangu Sub District, Banjarnegara District, Central Java. The purpose of this study is to know whether climate and vector density are related to malaria incidence. This study is a correlation study using secondary data. Monthly data that was collected from October 1999 until September 2001 by Vector Control Field Station (SLPV Banjarnegara), Banjarnegara Health Service, and Banjarnegara Statistics Office. The study shows that the mean Man Biting Rate (MBR) per per month is 0,09757 for ,4«. aconitus, 0,05875 for An. maculates, and 0,009167 for An. balabacencis. The mean rainfall 634,5mm, raindays 15,08 days, rain index 308,83, temperature 25,52°C, humidity 88,87% and malaria incidence 33. The bivariate analysis shows that malaria incidence are statistically significant with rainfall (p=0,007), rainfall index (0,027), and it has a negative pattern with MBR An. aconitus (p=0,023). There are no statistically significant relation between malaria incidence with raindays, temperature, humidity, MBR An. maculatus and MBR An. balabacencis. The result of this study shows that rainfall, rain index are significantly correlated with malaria incidence, while MBR An. aconitus is significantly correlated and inversely proportional with malaria incidence. Raindays, temperature, humidity, MBR An. maculatus and MBR An. balabacencis has no significant relation with malaria incidence. Recommendation for Banjarnegara Health Service is to carry out a malaria prevention program especially when the rainy season is near by preparing medicines, larvaciding, and by giving elucidation to the community to avoid any contact with the mosquito by using mosquito net, clothes that covers the skin, and bay not doing activity outside the house at night- To SLPV Bartjarnegara, in collecting the data, there should be a data about mosquito longevity, so we can get a better picture on the association of climate, vector density, and malaria incidence. Continuation study on the same issue would be better if it contains more variable to be analyze such as mosquito longevity and biological environment in the study region.
Indonesia is the fifth largest country with shoe industri in the world, the biggest after China, India, Vietnam and Brazil. Shoe assembly using adhesives or glue that contain volatile organic compounds (such as benzene, toluene and xylen) with benzene content in the glue is known to reach 2%. Benzene can enter imperfectly rapidly into the human body and animals through inhalation exposure, human benzene exposure is shown to be associated with various acute and severe diseases including cancer and aplastic anemia. In addition, benzene and its metabolites are also proven in increased oxidative stress seen from increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased antioxidants in the body. This study aims to identify benzene concentrations in the air of the workplace and the relationship between benzene in the body through measurement of S-Phenylmercapturic Acid (S-PMA) biomarkers against oxidative stress through measurement of MDA plasma level of sandal / shoe workers.This study used cross-sectional study on ten shoe workshops in Desa Sukajaya , Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor from March to May 2018. The number of samples as much as 64 workers taken by total sampling method. The results showed an average concentration of benzene in the air of the workplace is still under the treshold value which determined by Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. 13 Year 2011 (0.002066 ppm) and there are no significant relationship between concentrations of S-PMA in urine against the levels of MDA blood plasma. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between exercise habit variables against blood plasma MDA level but no significant relationship between variable length of work, smoking status, coffee consumption, and BMI of workers againist blood plasma MDA levels of workers.The concentration of benzene is still below the treshold limit but should be minimized because benzene is a carcinogenic substance that can accumulate in the body so that the preventive action such as improvement of ventilation, regulation of working hours, and a prohibition on smoking at work should be applied.
Metal smelting workers are at risk of health effects due to their exposure to particulate matter (PM2,5). The purpose of this study is to estimate the risk due exposure of PM2,5 in ambient air in the work environment of the Small Industrial Village (PIK) of Kebasen Village, Talang District, Tegal Regency. This study used primary data with 42 respondents and 5 air sample points by using the Dusttrak II TSI tool. The method used is an environmental health risk analysis that produces daily intake and risk quotient (RQ) values based on PM2,5 concentration, exposure patterns, and body weight. Respondents in this study had an average weight value of 56,926 kg and had an average inhalation rate of 0,6017 mg/m3. The median value for exposure time is 8 hours/day, the median frequency of exposure is 273,5 days/year, and the median duration of real-time exposure is 8,5 years. Some workers begin to be at risk (RQ>1) at the time of real time exposure with a minimum concentration of 254 µg/m3.
