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There is an increase in maternal mortality in Indonesia. In 2023, only 57.8% of pregnant women received standardized antenatal care (ANC). In 2022, there were 5 maternal deaths in Pematangsiantar City. The coverage of ANC K6 reached 81.6%, but there were still 230 cases of complications in pregnancy and public health centers (PHC) whose coverage was still below the target. The following study aims to determine the factors that contribute to the low coverage of ANC in several PHCs in Pematangsiantar City. This study used a non-experimental design with a comparative descriptive study. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling and exit poll techniques. Research informants consisted of heads of PHCs, midwives, doctors and pregnant women. The variables are structure (human resources, facilities, disposable medical materials, funding, guidelines) and processes (planning, organizing, implementing, supervising). Data collection through in-depth interviews, observations and document reviews. The results of the study indicate that there is sampling bias. Factors that contribute are planning and implementation of ANC. Cooperation with the Population and Civil Registration Agency (Dukcapil) is needed to access the latest pregnant women data. Also, socialization of the importance of routine ANC visits to increase ANC participation of pregnant women.
Breast milk (ASI) is the liquid secreted by the mother's breast glands in the form of natural food or the best nutritious and high-energy milk produced since the mother's pregnancy (Wiji, 2013). Nationally, from the 2017 Ministry of Health data, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is 61.33%, but there are still some provinces that have not reached this coverage. This study aims to determine the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross sectional study design. The results of the study were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. In this study, the results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables that had a relationship with exclusive breastfeeding were the mother's working status variable (p value 0.013), health facilities during childbirth (p value 0.001), information exposure (p value 0.044), and IMD. (p value 0,000). Broadly speaking, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in this study is quite good, amounting to 61.0%. From the results of the multivariate analysis, it was found that the variables that had the most association with exclusive breastfeeding were maternal occupational status and BMI.
