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Food intake associate with Obesity in Indonesia. This research using quantitative with cross sectional study based on health research survey 2010 to determine the association of food intake with obesity among adult population in Indonesia by respondent characteristics. By using standart indonesian obesity (BMI≥27 kg/m2) were obtained 13,7% Indonesian people are obese. The highest prevalence of obesity in province of North Sulawesi and the lowest prevalence in province of East Nusa tenggara and Southeast Sulawesi. The Prevalence of obesity were higher among woman (18,1%) than men (9,1%) The highest prevalence among aged 40-49 years (30,1%) and the lowest prevalence among aged 60+ years (8,4%). 8,3% respondent with high energy intake, 50% with high carbohydrat intake, 50% with high fat intake, and 29,8% with high protein. Energy intake, fat intake and protein intake have a significant association with the incident of obesity by sex and age.
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yang dapat menyebar di udara saat penderita TB batuk. Penyakit ini biasanya mempengaruhi organ paru dan dapat juga mengenai organ yang lain. Sampai saat ini TB masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia walaupun upaya pengendalian telah diterapkan lama. Anak merupakan salah satu kelompok risiko yang berdampak dalam penularan TB. Dari seluruh penderita TB di dunia, sekitar 11% terjadi pada anak usia <15 tahun. Dari data Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi TB paru pada anak berkisar 0,1-0,3%. Salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian TB pada anak adalah malnutrisi yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kekebalan tubuh anak dan memudahkan anak terserang penyakit TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian tuberkulosis pada anak usia 0-14 tahun. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dilakukan dari Mei-Juli 2023 dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Kelompok terpapar adalah anak dengan status gizi kurang sebesar 19.821 responden dan anak dengan status gizi buruk sebesar 7.307 responden. Kelompok tidak terpapar adalah anak dengan status gizi baik sebesar 170.934 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi tuberkulosis anak usia 0-14 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 0,19%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan kejadian tuberkulosis pada anak usia 0-14 tahun setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur dan status pekerjaan ibu. Anak dengan status gizi kurang memiliki risiko 1,8 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami tuberkulosis dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status gizi baik (nilai p = <0,001; POR = 1,82 (95% CI 1,38-2,40)). Anak dengan status gizi buruk memiliki risiko 2,2 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami tuberkulosis dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status gizi baik (nilai p = <0,001; POR = 2,19 (95% CI 1,47-3,25)). Hal ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran pentingnya pemantauan status gizi pada anak dalam peningkatan kekebalan tubuh anak sehingga terhindar dari penularan dan perkembangan penyakit tuberkulosis.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can spread through the air when people with TB cough. The disease usually affects the lungs and can also affect other organs. TB is still a public health problem worldwide despite long-standing control efforts. Children are one of the risk groups for TB transmission. Of all TB patients in the world, about 11% occur in children aged <15 years. From the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of pulmonary TB in children ranged from 0.1-0.3%. One of the risk factors that can cause the incidence of TB in children is malnutrition, which can cause a decrease in children's immunity and make it easier for children to get TB disease. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis in children aged 0-14 years. The research design was cross sectional, conducted from May-July 2023 using the 2018 Riskesdas data. The exposed group was children with a nutritional status of 19,821 respondents and children with a nutritional status of 7,307 respondents. The unexposed group was children with a good nutritional status of 170,934 respondents. The results showed that the proportion of tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 years in Indonesia was 0.19%. There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis in children aged 0-14 years after controlling for the variables of age and maternal employment status. Children with undernutrition had a 1.8 times higher risk of developing tuberculosis compared to children with good nutrition (p value = <0.001; POR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.38-2.40)). Children with malnutrition had a 2.2 times higher risk of developing tuberculosis compared to children with good nutrition (p value = <0.001; POR = 2.19 (95% CI 1.47-3.25)). This is expected to illustrate the importance of monitoring children's nutritional status in improving children's immunity so as to avoid the transmission and development of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is one of the causes of morbidity and death that often occurs in children.WHO 2018 data states that there are 1.1 million TB cases in children occur each year.One of the causes of TB in children is nutritional status. Poor nutritional status can makea child's immunity vulnerable and can be affected by pulmonary tuberculosis. This studyaims to see whether there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidenceof pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children aged 1-5 years in Indonesia. This research isa quantitative study with cross-sectional study design using Riskesdas 2018 data. Thesample of the study is children aged 1-5 years with a total sample of 27779. Variableconfounding, like as sex,, residence area, BCG immunization status, parental educationstatus, parental employment status old age, the existence of smokers, and the physicalcondition of the house. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test The results of bivariateanalysis found that there was a relationship between nutritional status and pulmonarytuberculosis of children aged 1-5 years (p <0.05) with PR 1.78 (95% CI; 1.1-2.9 ).Children who have less nutritional status are 1.78 times at risk of developing pulmonaryTB compared to children with normal nutritional status. Further research is needed byusing different designs and other variables.Keyword : Tuberculosis Children, Nutritional Status.
ABSTRAK Nama : Binti Khofifah Program studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul Tesis : Hubungan Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR (Rasio Lingkar Pinggang – Lingkar Pinggul) Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Pada Usia ≥ 45 Tahun di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesia Family Life Survey V Tahun 2014) Disabilitas ADLs dari tahun ke tahun meningkat, sehingga rasio ketergantungan lanjut usia juga meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul pada lanjut usia merupakan indikator yang tepat untuk mengukur tingkat kelebihan massa lemak. Hal itu berkaitan erat dengan berbagai penyakit kronis dan memungkinkan berkembang ke arah disabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul dengan kejadian disabilitas pada usia ≥ 45 tahun. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan analisis data ROC (untuk mengetahui titik pototng disabilitas ADLs), Chi – Square dan Regresi Cox. Populasinya adalah seluruh seluruh populasi usia ≥ 45 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria pada IFLS V tahun 2015. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa PR disabilitas ADLs dan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pingul adalah sebesar 2,7 setelah dikontrol variabel interaksi WHR dengan jenis kelamin, WHR dengan pekerjaan dan WHR dengan status merokok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disarankan selalu melakukan uji konfirmasi pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul khususnya pada usia ≥ 45 tahun teritama pada mereka yang tidak melakukan pekerjaan dan juga pada mereka yang merokok, sebab keduanya mempunyai interaksi sinergis dengan WHR yang akan meningkatkan disabilitas ADLs. Kata Kunci : disabilitas ADLs, IFLS V, rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul, lanjut usia
ABSTRACK Name : Binti Khofifah Study Program : Community of Epidemiology Tittle : Relationship of Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR with Disability at ≥ 45 years age in Indonesia (Data Analysis of Indonesia Family Life Survey V, 2014) ADLs disability have been increasing every year, so dependently ratio of oldests people increased too every years. Measurements of waist – hip ratio in oldest people are as the true indicator to identify at increased risk of accumulation of abdomial fat. It’s related with some chronical diseases and maybe can be developing into disability. Research objective is to analyze the relationship between waist hip ratio with ADLs disability in people with ≥ 45 age years. Research design is cross sectional, with data analysis with ROC (it’s to determine cut off point of ADLs disability), Chi – Square and Cox Regression Analysis. Population are all peoples with ≥ 45 age according criteria in IFLS V at 2014. The result showed that Prevalence Ratio ADLs disability with waist – hip ratio are 2,7 after controlled by interaction variable of gender by WHR, job by WHR, and smoking status by WHR. According the result to advices someone always have been measured waist – hip ratio especially for someone with ≥ 45 ages, and there are without activity but there are smoking, becouse the both have sinergic interaction with waist hip – ratio and increased ADLs disability. Keyword : ADLs disability, IFLS V, WHR, oldest – peoples
