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The most important risk factor as a primary driver of HIV infection in transgender population is risky sex behavior such as duration of anal sex, consistency of condom use, number of partner sex and selling sex. This study was aimed to investigate association between risky sex behavior and HIV among transgender population in Indonesia 2018-2019. This study was done as secondary data analysis from a national cross-sectional study, namely the Intergrated Biological and Behavior Survey (IBBS) 2018-2019, done by the Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia. In this IBBS, Time Location Sampling (TLS) dan Simple Random Sampling (SRS) were used. All of eligible population were to be study participants of this study. Risky sex behaviors was assessed through guided interview, while HIV infection was determined by series of rapid serologic test. Association, between risky sex behavior and HIV, using PR (prevalent ratio), was analyzed using chi-square test and cox regression model. This study found that transgenders with high risk sex behavior were 1.45 times more likely (95% CI 1,16-1,81) to get HIV infection as compared to transgenders with low risk sex behavior.
Globally, every year there are 6 million new cases of syphilis estimated in people aged 15 to 49 years. Syphilis is a risk factor among men who have sex with men (MSM) and other groups that tend to have multiple sex partners. As is known, people who suffer from syphilis have a greater risk of contracting and transmitting HIV to others. This is because the mode of transmission of syphilis and HIV have in common. A cross sectional study: The Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey (STBP) in 2018-2019 was conducted by the Ministry of Health as part of an evaluation of the HIV AIDS program in Indonesia. The study was conducted in 24 selected city/district with a total sample of 3,941 MSM, behavioral data collection was carried out by interview while syphilis and HIV biological data were carried out by laboratory examination of blood samples. Study showed that syphilis was a risk factor for HIV with PR = 4.1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9). Respondents with syphilis have an incidence of HIV 4.5 times greater than respondents without syphilis. The combination of syphilis, primary occupation and the use of condoms when buying sex increases the risk to 4.5 (95% CI: 2.03-10.03). There is association between syphilis and HIV. Syphilis increases the risk of HIV up to 4 times among MSM. The involvement and strengthening of the technical capacity of the GWL Community Based Organization (CBO) in promoting safe sex and the utilization of services for MSM communities and the acceleration of STI-friendly programs for key populations (officers and tools) will be a driven of MSM for regular service access. Prevention as a more effective approach can be done simultaneously considering that both syphilis and HIV can be prevented in the same way. Syphilis among MSM needs special attention because if not treated immediately the impact will go to a larger heterosexual population.
HIV is still a global health problem. FSW customers are one of the key populations spreading HIV. Consistent condom use is an effective way of preventing HIV and STI in this group. The consistency rate of condom use in this group is still low, namely: 35.82% in category 1 consistency (always or often using condoms), and 21.10% in category 2 consistency (always using condoms). The consistency of condom use is influenced by several factors, one of which is the perception of risk of contracting HIV. In the group of known customers who have a perception of feeling at risk of contracting HIV is 45.37%. This study is a quantitative cross-sectional design study to determine the relationship between perception of risk of contracting HIV with consistency of condom use in FSW customers using IBBS data 2018-2019, carried out in 24 regencies/cities in 16 provinces in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019 with a total sample of 4743 people. The results showed: in the consistency of category 1 condom use, there was a significant relationship between the perception of risk of contracting HIV and the consistency of condom use where FSW customers who had a perception of feeling at risk of contracting HIV had a 1.60 times higher tendency to consistently use condoms during sex than those who had a perception of feeling no risk after being controlled by the age variable of first intercourse sex and knowledge of condom effectiveness (PR=1.60, 95% CI=1.28-1.99). Meanwhile, in the consistency of category 2 condom use, there was a significant relationship between the perception of risk of contracting HIV and the consistency of condom use where FSW customers who had a perception of feeling at risk of contracting HIV had a 1.46 times higher tendency to consistently use condoms during sex than those who had a perception of feeling no risk after being controlled by age variables for the first time having sex and knowledge of condom effectiveness (PR=1.46, 95% CI=1.10-1.94). The implementation of mandatory condom localization bylaws with strict sanctions accompanied by synergistic cooperation between cross-sectors, updating the periodic mapping of unreached localizations accompanied by counseling on HIV/AIDS and condom effectiveness, dissemination of information to form risk perceptions and consistent behavior using condoms, the implementation of condom provision management in localization needs to be considered to reduce the incidence of HIV especially in FSW customer groups.
Latar Belakang : Remaja rentan terhadap perilaku berisiko yang bisa membawa kepada HIV/AIDS. Perilaku berisiko adalah perilaku remaja yang melakukan hubungan seks dan menggunakan narkoba suntik. Secara global, 40% dari semua kasus infeksi HIV terjadi pada kaum muda usia 15-24 tahun. Perkiraan terakhir adalah sebanyak 7000 remaja terinfeksi HIV setiap harinya. Pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV/AIDS adalah komponen untuk memperbaiki perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV/AIDS dengan perilaku berisiko di Indonesia.
Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian obeservasi dengan desain studi crosssectional, menggunakan data Surveilans Terpadu Biologi dan Perilaku tahun 2011. Jumlah keseluruhan responden adalah 6.991 orang remaja. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan cox regression.
Hasil : Prevalensi perilaku berisiko pada remaja adalah 15,8% sedangkan prevalensi pengetahuan komprehensif 22,3%. Analisis multivariate menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV/AIDS dengan Perilaku beresiko remaja dengan nilai p=0,153 dan PR= 1,11 (95% CI:0,962-1,283) setelah dikontrol dengan variable kovariat yaitu jenis kelamin, pendidikan orang tua dan pengaruh teman sebaya.
Kesimpulan : Secara statistik, pada penelitian ini pengetahuan komprehensif tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku berisiko. Saran untuk para ilmuwan agar menelaah ulang indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur Pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV, serta untuk pemerintah melalui lembaga pendidikan adalah agar memasukkan pendidikan HIV/AIDS kedalam kurikulum sekolah, sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan komprehensif dan mencegah perilaku beresiko.
Background : Adolescent are susceptible to a variety of risky behavior that can lead towards HIV/AIDS. Risky behavior is adolescent behavior that having sexual intercourse or using drug-injection. Globally, about 40% of all cases of HIV infections occur in young people aged 15-24 years. Latest estimate was as much as 7000 teens are infected by HIV every day. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is the component to make up behavior.The aim of the study is to know the relationship between comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS with sexual behavior in Indonesia.
Methods: This study is observational study with cross-sectional design, using the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance data in 2011. Total respondents are 6.991 adolescents. Data analysis was performed by cox regression multivariate analysis.
Result: Prevalence of risky behaviorin adolescent was 15,8% while the prevalence of comprehensive knowledge was 22,3%. Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS with risky behavior. P value=0,153, PR=1,11( 95% CI 0,962-1,283) after adjusted by covariates, included: sex, parents education and peer-grouped influence.
Conclusion: Statistically, in this study comprehensive knowledge is not associated with risky behavior. Recommendation for the scientist to review the indicators used to measure the comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and recommendation for the government through educational institutions is to include education about HIV / AIDS into the school curriculum, in an effort to improve the comprehensive knowledge and prevent risky behavior.
