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Fire accident of crude oil tank is one of major accident event resulting in fatality. A large scale of flammable crude oil tanks is operated by Company Z. This research is a quantitative risk assessment of fire accident on crude oil tank where the risk is defined by measurement of frequency and consequence. Event frequency is calculated based on event tree analysis result of fire accident on tank storage. The fire consequence and its impact to personnel working in control room is measured by using ALOHA software. A flammable crude oil is stored in a fixed cone roof tank located 70 meter from the control room. Major accident events which potentially occur in the facility are pool fire and vapor cloud explosion. Pool fire has significant impact to personnel working in control room based on consequence modelling. Both individual risk and societal risk are assessed based on possible failure scenarios. The risk assessment result of pool fire consequence to personnel within the facility is still within tolerable limit. A consistent implementation of risk control include process safety management should be maintained to ensure risk is always within tolerable risk
The focus of this thesis discuses about sending fuel to gas stations with the unloading process has a high potential for danger because of its relationship with gasoline and diesel fuel types. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk level calculation and scenario modeling to describe the impact of fire and explosion, so that the impact can be minimized by controlling and preventing. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of risk of fire and explosion in the activity of unloading fuel oil from tank cars at gas stations. In this study using semi-quantitative methods, where risk assessment can use quantitative, qualitative and semi-quantitative methods. The sample in this study was a tank car with a capacity of 24,000 liters carrying out the process of unloading fuel with products transported by pertalite types at 3 gas stations in the West Java region that had experienced fire incidents. Instruments and risk analysis of fire and explosion hazards using the Dow's Fire and Explosion Index. From the results of the Dow's Fire and Explosion Index calculations using ALOHA software version 5.4.7 and MARPLOT, it can be seen the risk classification of fire and explosion events and the impact area of these events. The results of this study indicate that the risk level of fire and explosion from the process of unloading fuel oil from tank cars to gas stations according to the risk level classification with a value of 122.56 is in the Intermediate category
Lapangan minyak Kotabatak merupakan salah satu lapangan minyak yang dikelola oleh production area Kotabatak Petapahan (Kopet) Sumatra Light South PT CPI. Lapangan minyak Kotabatak memberikan kontribusi sebesar 80% terhadap produksi harian minyak mentah production area Kotabatak Petapahan dan memberikan kontribusi sebesar 20% terhadap produksi harian minyak sub operation unit Sumatra Light South. Di lapangan minyak Kotabatak terdapat stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak. Penelitian mengenai bahaya kebakaran belum membahas secara terperinci peristiwa kebocoran hidrokarbon dan dampak peristiwa kebakaran hidrokarbon. Perusahaan PT CPI memiliki komitmen untuk melindungi masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitar serta melaksanakan kegiatan operasi dengan handal dan efisien. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui bentuk kebakaran hidrokarbon dan dampak kebakaran hidrokarbon yang dapat terjadi di stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan umum untuk mengetahui bentuk dan dampak kebakaran hidrokarbon yang mungkin terjadi di stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak Sumatra Light South PT CPI. Tujuan khusus Penelitian ini ini adalah mengetahui bentuk kebakaran yang dapat teljadi di stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak, mengetahui dampak kebakaran hidrokarbon jenis kebakaran tangki pada wash tank T-2B dan peristiwa bola api pada separator V-5 terhadap manusia yang berada wilayah di stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak, mengetahui dampak kebakaran hidrokarbon jenis kebakaran tangki pada wash tank T-2B dan peristiwa bola api pada separator V-5 yang dapat terjadi terhadap aset yang terdapat di stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi mengenai bentuk dan dampak kebakaran hidrocarbon di stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak, memberikan bagi Sumatra Light South PT CPI, mcnambah pengetahuan peneliti mengenai proses analisis dampak kebakaran serta dapat menjadi dasar bagi penelitian selanj utnya. Dcsain penelitian ini adaiah anaiisis dampak kcbakaran dengan menggunakan metode penilaian bahaya kebakaran. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pemodelan matematika. Analisis dampak kcbakaran dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak kebakaran hidrokarbon tcrhadap rnanusia dan aset yang berada di dalam wilayah stasiun pengumpul Kotabatak. Dampak kebakaran yang dinilai adalah radiasi panas. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk kebakaran yang dapat teijadi di stasiun pengumpui minyak Kotabatak adalah kebakaran tangki, trench jire, kebakaran kolam, jetfire/torch fire, flash fire, vapor cloud explosion, dan peristiwa bola api. Dampak kebakaran terhadap manusia akibat peristiwa kebakaran tangki pada wash tank T-2B adalah rasa sakit pada radius sampai dengan 40 meter dari titik tengah tangki setelah paparan panas selama 1 detik. Luka bakar tingkat 1 pada radius sampai dengan 16 meter setelah paparan panas selama l detik. Luka bakar tingkat 2 pada radius sampai dengan 26 meter sampai dengan 30 meter dari titik tengah tangki seteiah paparan panas selama 2 detik. Luka bnkar tingkat 3 dan kematian pada jarak 14 meter sarnpai dengan 18 meter dari titik tengah tangki setelah paparan panas selama 6 detik. Dampak peristiwa bola api terhadap manusia adalah manusia yang berada pada jarak antara 5 meter sampai dengan '7 meter dari titik tengah separator V-5 akan mengalarni Iuka bakar tingkat tiga dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. manusia yang berada pada jarak antara 9 meter sampai dengan 11 meter dari titik tengah separator V-5 akan mengalami Iuka bakar tingkat dua. Pengamat yang berada pada jarak antara 14 meter sampai dengan 16 meter mengalami luka bakar tingkat satu dan merasakan sakit akibat radiasi panas. Dampak kebakaran tangki wash tank T-2B terhadap peralatan dan fasilitas adalah tangki dan pipa yang berada pada radius 24 meter dari titik tengah akan mengalami kerusakan bahan dan rncngalami distorsi. Tangki dan pipa baja yang tidak dilengkapi dengan pelindung panas serta bejana tekan pada radius 40 meter akan mengalami kerusakan bahan. Tangki dan pipa baja dengan ketebalan tipis dan dilengkapi lapisan pelindung panas yang berada pada radius 60 meter akan mengalami kerusakan bahan. Fasilitas pengkabelan yang bemda pada radius 132 meter sampai dengan 182 meter akan mengalami kerusakan. Kayu yang berada pada radius 40 meter akan terbakar. Kayu, kenas, dan cat berada pada radius 60 meter akan mencapai kondisi siap untuk terbakar. Dampak peristiwa bola api di separator V-5 adalah tangki dan pipa yang berada pada radius 8 meter terdistorsi dan mengalami kerusakan bahan. Tangki dan pipa yang berada pada radius 8 meter sampai 10 meter mengalami kerusakan bahan. Tangki dan pipa dengan ketebalan tipis yang berada pada radius 14 meter akan mengalami kenrsakan bahan. Fasilitas pengkabelan yang berada pada radius 32 meter sampai dengan 44 meter akan mengalami kerusakan. Bahan yang dapat terbakar yang berada pada radius 2 meter dari titik tengah separator V-5 akan terbakar. Bahan yang dapat terbakar yang berada pm radius 16 meter mencapai kondisi siap untuk terbakar.
Kotabatak oilfield is operated by operated by Kotabatak Petapahan (Kopet) production area under the responsibility of Sumatra Light South, Kotabatak oilfield contribute to 80 % of Kotabatak Petapalran production area daily oil production and contribute to 20 % of Sumatra Light South sub operation unit daily oil production. Kotabatak gathering station is located at Kotabatak oiltield. Current research performed about tire hazard at Kotabatak Gathering station, does not specifically analyze hydrocarbon tire and consequences of hydrocarbon tire. Chevron Pacific Indonesia has a cormnitment to protect the people and the environment and to perform their activity excellently and ehiciently. So it is needed to perform a research to know the type of hydrocarbon fire and consequence of hidrocarbon tire that might be happen at Kotabatak gathering station. The aim of this research is to identify the type of hydrocarbon tire and its consequences which might oecrrr at Kotabatak gathering station. The objective of this research is to identify the type of hydrocarbon fire that might be happen at Kotabatak gathering station, to identify the consequences of tank fire at wash tank T-2B and fireball at separator V-5 to human kind at Kotabatak gathering station and to identify the consequences of tank 'tire at wash tank T-2B and ireball at separator V-5 to asset and facilities at Kotabatak gathering station. The benefit of this research is to give information about the form of hydrocarbon fire and consequence of hydrocarbon tire at Kotabatak gathering station, Sumatra Light South will have a reference for (irrther Kotabatak gathering station development, and will be the basis for further research. The design of this research is tire consequence analysis. This research is using tire hazard assessment method. the approach used in mis research is mathematical modeling. Consequence analysis is performed to know the consequence of hydrocarbon fire to human kind and asset at Kotabatak gathering station. Heat radiation is analyzed as the consequence of fire in this research. The result of this research is the form of hydrocarbon fire that may be happen at Kotabatak gathering station are tank tire, trench tire, pool tire, jet tire/torch tire, ilash Ere, vapor cloud explosion, and fireball. The consequence of tank fire at wash tank T-2B to human kind are pain at a radius up to 40 meters &om the center of wash tank T-2B alier an exposure for l second, first degree burn at a radius up to 16 meters after an exposure for 1 second, second degree bum at a radius from 26 meters up to 30 meters after an exposure for 1 second, and third degree burn at a radius from 14 meters up to 18 meters alter an exposure for 6 second. The consequence of iirebail at separator V-5 to human kind are pain and first degree burn at a radius from 14 meters up to 16 meters from the center of separator V-5 alter, second degree burn at a radius from 9 meters up to 11 meters, and third degree bum at a radius from 5 meters up to 7 meters. Third degree burn may cause direct fatality. The consequence of tank fire at wash tank T -2B to asset at Kotabatak gathering station are tanks and pipes at a radius up to 24 meters will be distorted and damaged, steel tanks and steel pipes which is not protected with heat protective coating at a radius up to 40 meters will be damaged, thin steel tanks and thin steel pipes which is protected with heat protective coating at a radius up to 60 meters will be damaged, wiring at a radius from 132 meter up to 182 meters will be damaged, wood at a radius up to 40 meters will be bum, and combustible at a radius up to 60 meters will be ready to ignite. The consequence of fireball at separator V-5 to asset at Kotabatak gathering station are tanks and pipes at a radius up to 8 meters will be distorted and damaged, tanks and pipes at a radius &om 8 meters up to 10 meters will be damaged, thin steel tanks and thin steel pipes at a radius up to 14 meters will be damaged, wiring 'at a radius from 32 meter up to 44 meters will be damaged, combustible at a radius up to 2 meters will be bum, and combustible at a radius up to I6 meters will be ready to ignite.
The oil industry has a high risk, cases of emergencies such as oil spills and fires in oil storage tanks occur frequently and are classified as a major hazard. This emergency event can occur due to failure of the safety protection layers (SPL) installed in the oil storage tank. Tanks T-04, T-09, T-18 are oil storage tanks of PT. X which has the potential to experience this emergency event, for this reason, a study is carried out on the impact of hazardous chemical exposure and heat radiation from the T-04, T-09, T-18 tank fires on humans and surrounding facilities. The study method used was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach to analyze the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals in the form of mercaptans and benzene and heat radiation caused by oil spills and tank fires T-04, T-09, T-18 on humans and surrounding facilities. This research was conducted through secondary data collection both at PT. X and literature studies without intervening in the research object. The data obtained is used to quantitatively determine the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals and heat radiation using ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere) software. The results of the ALOHA simulation from the emergency incident of the oil spill showed that the exposure to mercaptans and benzene in the PPP North Highway area was 1.33 ppm and 379.68 ppm, causing discomfort, irritation and temporary effects for humans exposed to the area. Exposures in the South Highway PPP area of 0.142 ppm and 40.72 ppm did not have a health impact on humans exposed to the area. Exposure in the PPP Operator Room Area of 2.9 ppm mercaptan resulted in exposed humans experiencing discomfort, irritation and was temporary, exposure to benzene of 829.79 ppm resulted in adverse or serious health problems or impaired ability to escape for humans exposed in the area. Exposure in the PPP Office Area of 1.18 ppm and 338.45 ppm had an uncomfortable, irritating and temporary effect on humans in the area. ALOHA simulation results of tank fire incidents resulting in exposure to heat radiation in areas inhabited by humans, namely in the PPP North Highway Area, PPP Operator Room Area, PPP Office Area with an impact that can result in death if exposed to up to 60 seconds, as well as in the Highway Area South PPP has the impact of experiencing second degree burns if exposed to 60 seconds. Heat radiation from a burning tank also has the potential to cause a domino effect in the form of a tank fire around the burning tank due to receiving heat radiation of 15 kW/m2. Safety Protection Layers installed in PT. X is not sufficient so that oil spill and fire emergencies are still at a high risk level according to the risk matrix of PT. X is categorized as an unacceptable risk (Not Acceptable Risk). This study provides recommendations for adding Safety Protection Layers to the PT. X to reduce fire risk to an acceptable risk.
Introduction: Hydrocarbons are flammable materials can cause major accidents and explosions at offshore platform hydrocarbon processing. Fires and explosions on offshore platforms are relatively rare accidents but can have unforeseen consequences that can have a significant impact on fatality and loss of assets. Methods: Descriptive method with quantitative design from secondary data in 2020 (cross sectional) and literature study without intervention on the research object (non-experimental) using software (PHAST) to evaluate the consequences of fire and explosion models. Frequency analysis with fault tree and event tree analysis methods, to analyse the possibility of overpressure and major accidents events on offshore platforms hydrocarbon processing facilities which are Major Hazard Plants. Result: The highest risk level for the personnel fatality working on the offshore platform is in the ALARP Region level from the largest contributor to the flash fire scenario with the number of fatalities as many as 10 peoples and the frequency value of 3.26E-08/year means 1 out of 30,674,847 flash fire scenario opportunities in 1 year can occur to cause fatality of 10 people, while the risk to assets is in an acceptable risk level from the largest contributor to the jet fire scenario with loss of assets 40,590,800.00 and the highest frequency value is 6.31E-08/year) means that 1 in 15,847,861 opportunities of a jet fire scenario in 1 year can occur to cause asset loss of $ 40,590,800 from fires and explosions in overpressure scenarios that have the potential to occur on the new offshore platform taking into account some of the safety systems that have been defined in the design. Conclusion: There is no need for additional mitigation because the safety system that has been determined in the design is sufficient to prevent major accidents that can occur so that the new offshore platform is declared safe to operate.
