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HIV has created major global health problem and so far it has claimed more than 32 million lives. One of the causes of HIV/AIDS was sexual risk factors including bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual. The highest HIV-AIDS transmission through heterosexuals was 38.4% which tends to increase by 2-3% in a year, while homosexuals was 15.7% in Bandung. Based on this, the researcher wants to know the distribution HIV and AIDS cases by age, sex and died based on sexual orientation groups in Bandung. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design with secondary data on HIV and AIDS surveillance in 2019 conducted by the Public Health Office in Bandung. The inclusion criteria in this study were all populations of sexual risk factor groups consisting of bisexual, homosexual and heterosexual. Data analysis in this study used the chisquare test with a confidence level of 95%. Total sample in this study were 609 respondents consisting of bisexual groups (32 respondents), homosexuals (287 respondents) and heterosexuals (290 respondents). Respondents with AIDS were more common in the heterosexual group (30.3%) compared to homosexuals (22.3%) and bisexuals (18.8%). HIV was more common in the bisexual group (81.3%) compared to the homosexual group (77.7%) and heterosexual (69.7%). Age is significantly related to the homosexual group. Age and sex factors do not have a significant with HIV and AIDS in the heterosexual group. Further research especially on demographic variables is needed to explain the effect of socio- demographic factors with the incidence of HIV and AIDS based on sexual orientation groups.
Kata kunci:Waria, faktor, HIV, IMS
HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are public health problem that veryimportant to be considered. As key population of HIV transmissions, Transgender needto be given special intention so its transmission to the general population can beprevented. Based on the Integrated Biological and Behaviour Survey (IBSS) 2011 and2015, the prevalence of STI such as syphilis, clamidia, and gonorrhea on Transgender hasdecreased, while HIV prevalence has increased from 22% to 25%. This study discussesthe factors related to the incidence of HIV and STI among Transgender in 5 cities inIndonesia using data Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in 2015. Thisstudy is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design followed the design ofthe study on IBBS 2015. The result showed that factors related to HIV dan STI onTransgender in 5 cities are age, education, employment, comprehensive knowledge,consistency of use of condoms, consistency of the use of lubricant, number of anal sexpartners, use of injectable drugs, use of silicone injections, alcohol consumption beforesex, HIV tests, and visits to STI services. The results of the this study showed that the useof silicone injections was the most influential factor on the status of HIV on Transgenderin 5 cities in Indonesia (OR = 1.68).
Key words:Transgender, factors, HIV, STI.
Kata kunci: kehamilan tidak diinginkan, kematian neonatal, faktor risiko, perdesaan, perkotaan
This study discusses the effect of unwanted pregnancies towards neonatal mortality. The purpose of this study is to determine how unwanted pregnancy affecting the risk of neonatal mortality and the dominant risk factors for neonatal death among women at risk of childbirth considering their residence, rural and urban areas. The study design of this research is a cross sectional with multivariable logistic regression analysis using IDHS 2017. The number of research subject used in this study were 1618 live births in urban areas and 1645 live births in rural areas among women at risk of childbirth population. The results showed that unwanted pregnancy was not statistically associated to neonatal mortality both in urban and rural area. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variable which statistically associated to neonatal mortality both in urban and rural area is low birth weight (lbw) (purban=0,001; prural=0,002). Even After the unwanted pregnancy variables were being controlled by other variables using regression logistic analysis, it remains unrelated and does not increase the risk of neonatal mortality both in urban and rural areas. In urban area, multivariable analysis results show risk factors for neonatal mortality are lbw (OR = 10.14), low education (OR = 2.67), parity 2-3 (OR = 8.4), and parity> 3 (OR = 32). In rural area, the risk factors for neonatal death are lbw (OR = 11), antenatal care 3 births for urban area and lbw for rural area. It can be concluded that unwanted pregnancy is not directly associated to neonatal mortality. However, previous studies have explained there are changes in maternal behavior towards inappropriate pregnancy care. Risk factors for neonatal death vary according to types of residence, urban and rural area.
Keywords: unwanted pregnancy, neonatal mortality, risk factors, rural, urban
ABSTRAK Retensi ARV Pada Pasien HIV Berdasarkan CD4 Awal Terapi ARV di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta Dari Tahun 2011 – 2014 Musa Rapang Perbedaan tingkatan imunodefesiensi memberikan kondisi klinis yang berbeda. Dampak perbedaan imunodefesiensi akan diperoleh retensi ARV yang berbeda pada tingkat imunodefesiensi berat dan sedang. Pasien dengan sistem imun yang baik (CD4 tinggi) kemungkinan akan memiliki retensi yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah perbedaan retensi ARV pada pasien HIV AIDS berdasarkan CD4 saat terapi ARV di RSPI Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan 223 sampel yang diambil dari data rekam medik rumah sakit dari tahun 2011 – 2014 dengan waktu pengamatan selama satu tahun. Pasien yang retensi ada 70.85% dengan insident rate lost to follow up 2.9 per 100 orang bulan. Retensi ARV pada pasien dengan CD4 200-350 sel/mm lebih baik dengan HRadj lost to follow up sebesar 0.27 (CI 95% : 0.1 – 0.8) kali lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Selain itu pasien memiliki CD4 200350 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal memiliki risiko lost to follow up yang lebih tinggi dengan HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% : 0.5 – 2.4) kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien yang memiliki CD4 < 200 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal. Perlu dilakukan monitoring klinis, eduksi dan dukungan kepada pasien tentang manfaat ARV khususnya pada pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Kata kunci : Retensi ARV, CD4 Awal, lost to follow up
ABSTRACT ARV Retention HIV Patients Based On Early CD4 Therapy In Hospital Infection Disease of Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta From Years 2011 - 2014 Musa Rapang The difference in the level of imunodefesiensi provide different clinical conditions. The impact will be acquired at different ARV retention rate of severe and moderate imunodefesiensi. HIV Patients with a good immune system (CD4 high) possibility have poor retention on antiretroviral drugs, so that the patient will tend to experience a lost to follow up. The purpose of this study was to see whether the difference in retention of antiretroviral drugs in HIV-AIDS patients by CD4 time ARV therapy in hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. This research using retrospective cohort design using 223 samples taken from hospital medical records from the years 20112014 with the observation time for one year. The number of patients there was 70.85% retention with number incidents of lost to follow-up rate of 2.9 per 100 person-months. Retention ARV based on baseline CD4 200-350 cells / mm better with HRadj of lost to follow-up at 0.27 (CI 95% :0.1 – 0.8) times slower compared to patients with CD4 <200 cells / mm 3 in the early stages having lost to follow-up speed faster with HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% :0.5 – 2.4) times faster compared with patients with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . In addition patients had CD4 200-350 cells / mm 3 early stage. Needed to monitoring, education and supporting to patient for benfit to use ARV especially to patient with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . Keywords: Retention ARV, CD4 Earlier, Lost to follow up
Premarital sexual behavior in female adolescent is a problematic behavior that can affect negative impact on health. Female adolescent is a risk group if they get pregnant at young age. The percentage of premarital sexual behavior among female adolescents in both rural and urban areas has increased. This study aims to determine the factors associated with premarital sexual behavior among female adolescent adolescent in rural and urban areas. This research used secondary data from Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 with cross-sectional design. The population in this study were unmarried female adolescent aged 15-24 years. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression, age, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, attitudes towards premarital sexual behavior, knowledge of reproductive health, and peer influence are related to premarital sexual behavior of adolescent girls in urban areas. Meanwhile, factors related to premarital sexual behavior of teenage girls in rural areas are age, education, economic status, attitudes towards premarital sexual behavior, exposure to mass media, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, dating experience, and reproductive health communication with health workers. The attitude variable towards premarital sexual behavior is the most dominant factor associated with the premarital sexual behavior of female adolescents in urban and rural areas
