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Geothermal industry is a producer of natural gas including hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S) which is very dangerous to humans. This thesis will analyze the hazard risk perceptions of hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S) to local workers in the geothermal field of PT. XYZ in 2020. Risk perception is a subjective assessment of the following things, such as the likely types of an accident, the potential hazards that will occur, and how much a person is concerned about the consequences. This study uses a psychometric paradigm which is the best illustration to determine a person's risk perception where this approach can analyze risks by giving good and clear answers from each dimension, including the volunteerism dimension to risk, the dimension of understanding risk, the dimension of controlling risk, the dimension of knowledge towards risk as well as the newness dimension of risk. This study uses a cross-sectional design with a descriptive analysis method. Data obtained through a questionnaire with 90 respondents local workers who then analyzed using the univariate and bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable with a confidence level (CL) of 95%. The results of the analysis show that the description of the risk perception of Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) gas for local workers in the geothermal field of PT. XYZ in 2020 is voluntary toward risk, have a good understanding and able to control of risk while does not have good knowledge especially about the science of hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S) and assume the risk of exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S) is an old risk. It is recommended for PT. XYZ to make promotive efforts such as more planned training of hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S), maximizing safety induction related to the hazard of hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S), maximizing toolbox meeting forums, weekly safety meetings and other meetings to increase workers' awareness regarding hazards Hydrogen Sulfide gas (H 2 S), makes an in-depth analysis of worker observations related to unsafe behavior and also increase the industrial hygiene programs.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi pekerja bahan kimia di PT. XYZ berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena nonkarsinogenik (RQ = 1,7442) dan karsinogenik (ECR = 1,76 x 10-4) pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Diketahui hubungan yang bermakna antara pajanan Benzena terhadap normalitas kadar hemoglobin (p = 0,015) dan eritrosit (p = 0,000). Risiko ketidaknormalan kadar hemoglobin dan eritrosit berturut-turut pada populasi terpajan adalah 6,92 kali (95% CI:1,28?37,29) dan 21,53 kali (95% CI:4,46?103,90) dibandingkan populasi tidak terpajan. Selain itu juga diketahui hubungan yang signifikan antara kenaikan jumlah asupan Benzena terhadap penurunan kadar haemoglobin (rs = -0,433; p = 0,044) dan eritrosit (rs = -0,474; p = 0,026).
Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik akibat pajanan Benzena pada populasi pekerja bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas PT. XYZ akan terjadi pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Terdapat hubungan antara pajanan Benzena dengan ketidaknormalan hemoglobin dan eritrosit.
Chemical contractor worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ is a population at risk to Benzene exposure due to its activities and work environment condition that possibly exposed by Benzene vapour. This research is aimed to estimate noncarsinogenic and carsinogenic risk level, complemented with blood counts abnormality analysisdue to Benzene exposure, then determining risk management shall be done. The research is cross sectional study was done to all chemical contractor worker at PT. XYZ, consist of 22 person, and additional 22 person as a control was selected from employee of PT. XYZ working at the same location. The research yield that chemical worker population at PT. XYZ is at risk to the noncarsinogenic (RQ = 1.7442) and carsinogenic (ECR = 1.76 x 10-4) Benzene exposure at the lifetime exposure duration.
Its known that there is a correlation between Benzene exposure with normality of haemoglobin (p = 0.015) and erythrocytes (p = 0.000). The risk of abnormality haemoglobin and erythrocytes counts is 6.92 times (95% CI:1.28?37.29) dan 21.53 times (95% CI:4.46?103.90) respectively compare to the non exposed population. In addition, its identified that there is a significant correlation between increased Benzene intake to the haemoglobin (rs = -0.433; p = 0.044) and erythrocytes (rs = -0.474; p = 0.026) counts reduction.
In summary noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk due to Benzene exposure in the population of chemical worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ will occure at the lifetime exposure duration. There is a correlation between Benzene exposure with abnormality of haemoglobin and erythrocytes.
Kelelahan kerja (fatigue) merupakan sebuah kondisi dimana seorang pekerja/tenaga kerja tidak bekerja secara maksimal dan mengalami penurunan produktivitas. International Labour Organization (ILO) (2016) mengatakan bahwa sebanyak 32% pekerja/tenaga kerja mengalami kasus kelelahan kerja. Selain itu, 27% pekerja/tenaga kerja mengalami kasus kelelahan kerja berat dan 18,3% pekerja/tenaga kerja mengalami kasus kelelahan kerja sedang. Kelelahan kerja juga akan dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas kerja, peningkatan risiko pekerja/tenaga kerja melakukan kesalahan, dan peningkatan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Desain penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kelelahan kerja pada pekerja/tenaga kerja pengelasan di industri minyak dan gas bumi dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 97 pekerja/tenaga kerja welder di PT XYZ. Metode pengambilan data dengan melakukan pengisian kuesioner kepada responden dan melakukan pengukuran menggunakan alat oxymeter, lux meter, sound level meter, dan thermometer dan humidity meter. Data akan diolah secara deskriptif dan inferensial untuk melihat gambaran dan hubungan dari setiap variabel. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah faktor individu (usia, masa kerja, kebiasaan merokok, dan waktu istirahat), faktor pekerja/tenaga kerjaan (beban kerja fisik, beban kerja mental, dan durasi kerja harian), dan faktor lingkungan kerja (kebisingan, pencahayaan, dan suhu). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok (OR=3.100 (1.253 – 7.672)), waktu istirahat (OR=5.913 (2.314–15.110)) , beban kerja fisik (OR=3.529 (1.509 - 8.256)), beban kerja mental (OR=2.658 (1.144–6.180)), kebisingan (OR=4.370 (1.844 – 10.354)), dan suhu (OR=4.083 (1.386-12.031)) dengan kejadian kelelahan kerja pada welder di PT. XYZ Sedangkan variabel usia, masa kerja, durasi kerja harian, dan pencahayaan tidak menunjukan adanya hubungan dengan kejadian kelelahan kerja pada welder di PT.XYZ. Kata Kunci: Kelelahan kerja, pekerja/tenaga kerja welder, industri minyak gas dan bumi
Work fatigue is a condition where a worker does not work optimally and experiences decreased productivity. The International Labor Organization (ILO) (2016) said that as many as 32% of workers experience work fatigue. In addition, 27% of workers experience severe work fatigue and 18.3% of workers experience moderate work fatigue. Work fatigue can also cause decreased work productivity, increased risk of workers making mistakes, and increased risk of work accidents. The research design in this study was cross-sectional. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for work fatigue in welding workers in the oil and gas industry using a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 97 welder workers at PT XYZ. The data collection method was by filling out questionnaires to respondents and taking measurements using an oxymeter, lux meter, sound level meter, and thermometer & humidity meter. The data will be processed descriptively and inferentially to see the picture and relationship of each variable. The independent variables in this study were individual factors (age, length of service, smoking habits, and rest time), work factors (physical workload, mental workload, and daily work duration), and work environment factors (noise, lighting, and temperature). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between smoking habits (OR=3.100 (1.253 – 7.672)), rest time (OR=5.913 (2.314–15.110)), physical workload (OR=3.529 (1.509 - 8.256)), mental workload (OR=2.658 (1.144–6.180)), noise (OR=4.370 (1.844 – 10.354)), and temperature (OR=4.083 (1.386-12.031)) with the occurrence of work fatigue in welders at PT. XYZ Meanwhile, the variables of age, length of service, daily work duration, and lighting did not show any relationship with the occurrence of work fatigue in welders at PT.XYZ. Keywords: Work fatigue, welder workers, oil and gas
This study aimed to analyze the effect of heat stress on thephysiological and psychological workers at PT XYZ Year 2016. The businessunit of PT XYZ namely automotive parts with the activities of the press andwelding. Welding worker's physiological response to heat stress that anincrease in temperature, pulse and urine specific gravity value changes. Heatstress index value with WBGT exceeds the threshold value. Thermal WorkLimit Value Index is in the area is not dangerous. Data were analyzed bydependent and independent t test, p value < 0.005. Subjective complaints ofworkers welding as a psychological response. Namely their thirst, skin sweat/ moisture, their prickly heat, cramps / muscle cramps in tune with themeasurement results to an increase in pulse rate, temperature and specificgravity of urine.