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Mining industry has a wide range of activities and work stages which involve mining workers, starting from general investigations, explorations, to reclamation. It is considered as one of the industries with a high-level risk. Mining workers are synonymous with shift and roster work patterns, and physical work that requires strength, flexibility and endurance of sustained muscles that contribute to fatigue. Generally, fatigue is defined as a state of weariness due to prolonged wakefulness, long work periods, and is characterized by decreased alertness, impaired decision making, and reduced capacity for neurobehavioral performance (Akerstedt, 1995; Dinges, 1995). The purpose of this study is to determine the average alertness score of exploration drilling service workers in coal mines which is influenced by the level of fatigue of workers calculated based on the quality and quantity of sleep using the SAFTE Fatigue Model. This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design, from June to August 2019. The results state that the majority of respondents have an alertness score in the reduced category (66.67%). The cross variable distribution shows that the lowest proportion of alertness is in the age group of 31-40 years (50.00%), moderate sleep quality (70.00%) and quantity of sleep poor (33.33%). There are differences in alertness scores between morning shift and night shift respondents, and that is the night shift has lower average alertness scores than morning shift respondents. The recommendations of this study are to improve sleep hygiene by providing health education, ensuring optimal room temperature and adequate exposure to natural lighting, and minimizing the exposure to noise and gadgets..
ABSTRAK Industri pertambangan batubara merupakan salah satu industri besar yang banyak menghasilkan devisa bagi Negara dan salah satu jenis industri yang memiliki resiko kecelakaan yang tinggi. Kecelakaan yang terjadi banyak menimbulkan kerugian baik pada manusia maupun harta benda. Kecelakaan yang terjadi disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang meliputi perilaku tidak aman (unsafe act) maupun kondisi yang tidak aman (unsafe condition), unsafe act memberikan kontribusi terbesar sebagai penyebab langsung dari terjadinya kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek human error dan karatristiknya terhadap kecelakaan trailer yang terjadi di PT Adaro Indonesia Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus (case study) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan tujuan memberikan gambaran masalah human error pada kecelakaan trailer yang terjadi selama tahun 2007 di PT Adaro Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan kecelakaan trailer selama tahun 2007. Data yang diperoleh dimasukan dalam dummy table dan analisis dilakukan secara univariat. Untuk melihat mengapa dan bagaimana human error muncul maka dilakukan analisa konten (content analysis). Hasil penelitian adalah terhadap seluruh data kecelakaan trailer selama tahun 2007 yang terjadi di PT Adaro Indonesia diperoleh bahwa unsafe act sebesar 81 % dan unsafe condition sebesar 19 %. Unsafe act terdiri dari human error 97.1 % dan Violations sebesar 20.6 %. Terhadap kasus human error di peroleh bahwa Skill based error 76.5%, Rule based error 14.7 % dan Knowledge based error 44.2 %. Dari masing-masing jenis error selanjutnya dibagi berdasarkan karatristiknya dan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut; Skill based error terdiri dari poor technique (38.2 %), kemudian diikuti oleh mis-ordering (29.4 %), mistiming (20.6 %), intrusion (8.8 %), dan ommision following interuption (5.9 %); untuk rule based error terdiri dari Misapplication of good rule sebesar 11.8 % dan Application of Bad rule sebesar 2.9 %. Dan untuk knowledge based error terdiri dari workspace limitations dan out of sight / out of mind (11.8 %) kemudian berturut – turut problems with causality and complexity dan confirmation bias masing-masing (8.8 %), overconvidence (5.9%) dan selectivity (2.9 %). Jika dilakukan analisis berdasarkan perusahaan kontraktor yang ada di PT Adaro Indonesia maka diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : skill based error terjadi berturut – turut pada PAMA (29 %), SIS (24 %), RA (15 %), dan BUMA (12 %). Untuk rule based error paling banyak terjadi pada PAMA (5.9 %) dan BUMA, SIS dan RA masing - masing 2.9 %. Untuk jenis knowledge based error paling banyak terjadi pada PAMA (24 %), SIS (8.8 %), RA (5.9 %), dan BUMA (5.9 %). Dari keseluruhan hasil penelitian tersebut maka human error yang paling dominan adalah skill based error, kemudian knowledge based error. Program error prevention sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kasus human error secara berulang. Daftar bacaan: 25 (1980- 2007)
ABSTRACT Coal mining industry is one of big industries that produce yielding foreign exchange for a country. And, it also has high risk of having an accident. An accident that happened can create big loss to humans or properties of a company. The accidents that happened were caused by many factors, such as unsafe act, and unsafe condition. Unsafe act gives the biggest contribution on the cause of an accident. The purpose of the research is to know the aspects of human error and their characteristics of trailer accidents that happened at PT. Adaro Indonesia in South Kalimantan. This research uses case study design with quantitative approach. The purpose of using this approach is to give a bigger picture on human error issue that causes trailer accidents which happened in 2007 at PT. Adaro Indonesia. The data that is used for this research is secondary data that contains reports of trailer accidents in 2007. The data that has been collected is inputted in a dummy table. After that, the data is analyzed unvariat. In order to see why and how human error occurs, then I use content analysis. According to this research that uses data of trailer accidents that happened in 2007 at PT. Adaro Indonesia, the causes of trailer accidents are unsafe act (81%), and unsafe condition (19%). Unsafe act consists of human error (97.1%) and Violations (20.6 %). In human error cases, we can see characteristics, Skill based error 76.5%, Rule based error (14.7%), and Knowledge based error (44.2%). We can divide these errors based on their characteristics. They are: Skill based error consists of poor technique (38.2 %), mis-ordering (29.4 %), mistiming (20.6 %), intrusion (8.8 %), and ommision following interuption (5.9 %). Rule based error consists of Misapplication of good rule (11.8%), and Application of Bad rule (2.9%). And, knowledge based error consists of workspace limitations dan out of sight / out of mind (11.8 %), problems with causality and complexity (8.8%) and confirmationbias (8.8 %), overconvidence (5.9%), and selectivity (2.9 %). If we do analysis to contractor companies at PT. Adaro Indonesia, we cansee: skill based error occurs at PAMA (29 %), SIS (24 %), RA (15 %), and BUMA(12 %); rule based error occurs at PAMA (5.9 %), BUMA (2.9%), SIS (2.9%), andRA (2.9%); knowledge based error occurs at PAMA (24 %), SIS (8.8 %), RA (5.9 %), and BUMA (5.9 %). According to the result of the research, the most dominant characteristic ofhuman error is skill based error. And, it is followed by knowledge based error. Error prevention program is needed to prevent accidents that are caused by human error. References : 25 (1980- 2007)
Fatigue is one of the causes of the high accident rate. One type of work that has a high potential to experience fatigue is a coal mine operator. This study aims to explain the different types of vehicles on the level of fatigue in coal mine operators. The variables analyzed were fatigue, vehicle type, age, sleep quantity, work shift, and work period. This research was conducted using a systematic literature review method by conducting a full text review of 10 literatures. The results of this study note the mine operator fatigue level score of 45-56 or 28% - 59.3%. Hauling dump truck operators tend to experience severe fatigue compared to dump truck operators of loading and dumping areas, as well as other operators. In addition, the overall variables, namely the type of vehicle, sleep quantity, and work shift have a significant relationship to the level of fatigue. The conclusion from this study is the type of vehicle used by the operator has an influence on the level of fatigue in the coal mine operator.
Underground uranium mines pose physical hazards in the form of exposure to gamma radiation, radon gas and thoron. Uranium mine workers are at risk of getting lung cancer 3 to 6 times higher than the general public. To anticipate and control the risk from these exposures, a health risk assessment was carried out from the exposure to gamma, radon and thoron radiation in underground uranium mine workers. Measurements of gamma ray exposure and radon gas concentrations were carried out in the uranium exploration mine and around the workers' camp in the Kalan area, West Kalimantan. Gamma-ray measurements were carried out by gamma detector, while radon and thoron exposure were measured using a passive detector RADUET. As a result, the concentration of radon gas in the tunnel ranged from 188.84 to 495.86 Bq/m 3 (average 375.80 Bq/m 3 ) while thoron ranged from 58.07 to 340.73 Bq/m 3 (average 189.80 Bq/m 3 ). This value exceeds the reference level for the radon recommended by ICRP 300 Bq/m 3 . For annual effective dose of gamma rays, an estimated annual effective dose of 85.18 mSv was obtained in one group of workers. This value exceeds the annual dose limit value of 20 mSv for workers. From the results of the risk assessment, a risk value of C is obtained, which means that the risk cannot be accepted, and additional control measures are needed. Workers are exposed to chronic doses of radiation and can be exposed to stochastic effects that can induce cancer.
Coal Mining Operator is one of the high-risk occupations in experiencing fatigue. Thisstudy aim to determine factors associated with fatigue on coal mining operators througha systematic literature review method. Factors studied were shift work, work duration,and workload with covariate of individual factors (age, sleep quantity, sleep quality, andcircadian rhythm) and factors of work & work environment (rest periods, work hours,and work period). This research is an exploratory study with a descriptive methodthrough a systematic literature review of the literature in according to the researchcriteria. This systematic literature review is conducted through the identification,extraction, synthesis, and interpretation of data obtained from 11 selected literature. Theresukt showed that there was an influence between shift work, work duration, andworkload on fatigue in coal mining operators.