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Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, an infectious disease caused by the Leptospira bacteria. Leptospirosis is often underreported or misdiagnosed because the initial symptoms of leptospirosis are symptoms of other acute febrile diseases (dengue, malaria, flu-like syndrome). The occurrence of leptospirosis cases is closely related to the chain of transmission, and the chain of leptospirosis transmission is related to many factors. Occupation and the presence of rats are risk factors for leptospirosis. Banten is an endemic area of Leptospirosis, was chosen to be the location for Sentinel Leptospirosis surveillance, precisely located in Kab, Tangerang, and Kab. Serang. Publications on the relationship of risk factors are still limited, and research about leptospirosis is mostly done in Central Java or DI Yogyakarta. This study used a cross-sectional design. The results of this study did not show that there was a significant relationship between work and the incidence of leptospirosis in leptospirosis suspects in 2 districts where Leptospirosis Sentinel Surveillance was located in Banten Province in 2017 - 2019 The relationship between the presence of rats and the incidence of leptospirosis showed a significant relationship, the presence of rats and activity in rivers/ponds/ drains together to provide an antagonistic relationship thus making the risk when these two variables are together smaller than the risk of each variable
Kata kunci: Leptospirosis, Pekerjaan, Perilaku, Pengetahuan, Tikus
WHO stated that the spread of leptospirosis in the world extends mainly inregions with tropical and sub tropical climates where rainfall is high. Mice as theanimals close to the human existence is a source of leptospirosis of transmissionin Indonesia. The incidence of leptospirosis in Bantul District from 2012 to 2015always ranks highest when compared with other districts. Besides the highmorbidity, mortality rate of patients with leptospirosis in Bantul also relativelyhigh when compared with other r districts in the province of Yogyakarta. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environment andindividuals at risk of incidence of leptospirosis in Bantul district of YogyakartaSpecial Province in 2016 using case control design. Sample research using dataleptospirosis patients in Bantul district of the month from January to May 2016.The study focused on environmental risk factors as well as individual factors. Thenumber of cases detected / reported in the period January to May 2016 as many as34 cases. Factors associated with the incidence of leptospirosis in Bantul Districtoccupational (p = 0.001; OR = 7.35; 95% CI = 2.290 to 23.571), behavior (p =0.028; OR = 3.43; 95% CI = 1.255 to 9.370), wound care (value p = 0.014; OR =3.97; 95% CI = 1.426 to 11.040), and knowledge (p = 0.015; OR = 3.83; 95% CI= 1.403 to 10.477). This study concluded that the factors associated with theincidence of leptospirosis is a occupational, behavior, wound care and knowledge
Keywords: Leptospirosis, Occupational, Behavior, Knowledge, Rodents
Daerah Khusus Ibu kota (DKI) Jakarta yang merupakan daerah rawan banjir angka kesakitan dan kematiannya mengalami peningkatan yaitu dari Januari sampai dengan akhir Mei terjadi sebanyak 144 kasus leptospirosis dengan jumlah kematian sebanyak 21 orang. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Leptospira yang menyerang hewan dan manusia. Bakteri Leptospira masuk dalam tubuh melalui selaput lendir, luka lecet, maupun melalui pori-pori kulit , kemudian akan menjalar melalui peredaran darah ke berbagai bagian tubuh. Peningkatan kejadian leptospirosis ini timbul bersamaan dengan terjadinya banjir di DKI Jakarta. Kejadian leptospirosis dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor kesehatan seperti kebersihan perorangan dan faktor perubahan lingkungan karena banjir.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan faktor kebersihan perorangan dengan kejadian sakit Leptospirosis pada kejadian luar biasa leptospirosis di DKI Jakarta. Disamping itu jugs menilai hubungan variabel covarial terhadap kejadian Leptospirosis. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah rancangan kasus kontrol dengan pengolahan data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik multivariate.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kebersihan perorangan (Nilai p = 0,01, OR=4,62) mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian leptospirosis. Variabel covariat seperti jenis kelamin, pekerjaan/profesi, penangkapan tikus, perubahan lingkungan akibat banjir dan pemeliharaan ternak secara statistik tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian leptospirosis. Sedangkan varibel covariat lainnya seperti kelompok umur, dan pemakaian sepatu bot dan sarung tangan perubahan lingkungan secara statistik mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian leptospirosis. Setelah dilakukan uji interaksi dan confounding pada analisis multivariat ternyata tidak ada satu pun variabel covariat yang mengganggu terhadap hubungan variabel kebersihan perorangan dengan kejadian leptospirosis.Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan perlu dilakukan program penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang peranan kebersihan perorangan terhadap kejadian leptospirosis begitu juga kepada pekerja/profesi yang berisiko agar melindungi dirinya dengan memakai sepatu bot dan sarung tangan pada saat kontak dengan genangan air atau lumpur diwaktu bekerja.
The Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Leptospirosis outbreak in Jakarta, 2002Jakarta is one of place have flood potential, the morbidity and mortality rates were increased, from January until the end of May there were 444 cases of Leptospirosis, with the number of death were 21 people. This disease is caused by infection of Leptospira bacteria that attacked animal and human being. The Leptospira bacteria entering body through mucous membrane, scratch injure or skin pores, and then spread through blood circulation to other parts of the body. Increase of Leptospirosis case was occurred together with the flood in Jakarta The Leptospirosis is influenced by some health factors, such as personal health and the changes of environment due to floodThe objective of this study is to assess the relationship of personal hygiene factor and the Leptospirosis regarding of Leptospirosis outbreak in Jakarta. Besides, it is also to 'assess the relationship covariant variable to the occurring disease of Leptospirosis. The study design used control cases; the data is processed by regression logistic multivariate.The result of study showed that personal hygiene (p value = 0.01, OR = 4,62) has significant relationship to the occurring of Leptospirosis. The covariant variable such as sex, profession, mouse catching, environmental changing and animal care statistically is not having significant relationship to Leptospirosis disease. While other covariant variable, such as age group, the using of boot shoes and glove, and environmental changing statistically has significant relationship to Leptospirosis.After conducting interaction test and confounding on multivariate analysis, the fact is not any covariant variable that disturbing to the relationship of personal health variable and Leptospirosis. Based on this study, it is recommended to do a program on education to the community on the role of personal health to Leptospirosis disease. It is also recommended to the worker or professions who have a risk to Leptospirosis to prevent themselves by using boot shoes and glove during contact with stagnant water or mud while they are working.
ABSTRAK Nama : Januar Tree Kencana Program Studi: Epidemiologi Judul : Hubungan Status Imunisasi dan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Difteri Pada Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) di Kabupaten Serang Propinsi Banten Tahun 2017-2018 Pembimbing : Dr. dr. Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, M.Sc Penyakit difteri disebabkan oleh infeksi corynebacterium diphteriae merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi, penyakit ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius karena seringkali menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa (KLB) di berbagai negara maupun belahan dunia. Berdasarkan data Kementerian Kesehatan pada tahun 2017 telah terjadi KLB difteri di 20 propinsi dan 95 kabupaten / kota di Indonesia, termasuk Propinsi Banten dan salah satunya adalah di Kabupaten Serang. Di kabupaten Serang Status imunisasi dan statu gizi masyarakat masih menjadi masalah kesehatan, Cakupan imunisasi yang masih rendah di beberapa Desa dalam kecamatan dan status gizi buruk masih ditemukan, oleh karenanya penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan status imunisasi dan status gizi dengan kejadian difteri pada KLB di kabupaten Serang Propinsi Banten Tahun 2017-2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kasus kontrol dimana variabel penelitiannya adalah status imunisasi dan status gizi serta variabel kovariat yaitu lingkungan fisik tempat tinggal, pengetahuan dan riwayat bepergian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik di dapatkan hasil bahwa status imunisasi mempunyai OR : 3,777 95% CI = 1.48 -9.60 P Value 0.005 sedangkan Status Gizi memiliki OR : 1,23 90% CI = 0.44 – 3,41 P Value 0,680 setelah dikontrol dengan Variabel Umur, Jenis Kelamin, Pengetahuan, Riwayat Bepergian, lingkungan fisik Rumah, pencahayaan alami, Kelembaban dan kepadatan Hunian. Kata Kunci : Difteri, Kasus Kontrol, Kejadian Luar Biasa
ABSTRACT Nama : Januar Tree Kencana Study Program: Epidemiology Title : The Relationship between Immunization and Nutritional Status with Diphtheria Outbreaks in Serang Regency, Banten Province 2017-2018. Background: Diphtheria as a one of the most contagious diseases that can be prevented by immunization (VPD) is still a serious health problem because it often causes outbreak in various countries including Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, during 2017 there have been diphtheria outbreaks in 20 provinces and 95 regency/cities including Serang Regency.This study aims to determine the relationship between immunization and nutritional status with the diphtheria outbreaks in Serang Regency of Banten Province in 2017-2018. Methods: This study was an analytic study using case control design with 172 respondents consisting of 43 cases and 129 controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain an estimate of the relationship between immunization and nutritional status with diphtheria after controlled covariate variables. Result: Proportion of immunization and good nutrition in the case is lower than in control. Immunization and nutrition in both cases were 51.2% and 76.7% while in controls were 77.5% and 81.4%. The association (OR) between immunization status and diphtheria was 3.78 (95% CI: 1.48-9.60) after controlling to age, room density and natural house lighting while the association (OR) between nutritional status and diphtheria was 1.23 (95% CI: 0.44-3.41) after controlling to age, knowledge, humidity, and immunization status. Conclusions: The proportion of immunization in diphtheria cases is still low. Nonimmunization status are at risk for diphtheria 3.78 times. The Health Office is expected to conduct routine monitoring and evaluation of basic immunization programs, especially in areas with low coverage and provide information to the community about diphtheria, including factors such as immunization, nutrition, and the physical environment of the house. Keywords: Diphtheria, Case Control, Outbreak.
sanitation with soil transmitted helminth infection onstudents of State Elementary School of Jagabaya 1 atWarunggunung, Lebak District, Province of Banten in 2013Soil transmitted helminth infection is a public health problem in Indonesia.National prevalence of this disease varies by region from 0.4 to 76.67 %(Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2011). The common worm species that causeinfection are roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), hookworm (Ancylostomaduodenale and Necator americanus), and whipworm (Trichuris trichuria). (DirjenP2MPL, 2010).The objective of this research was to examine the association of personalhygiene, environmental sanitation, parental characteristics and anti helminthicdrugs with soil transmitted helminth infection. The research was conducted inElementary school of Jagabaya 1 at Warunggunung, Lebak, Banten. This studyutilized cross-sectional survey design, which respondents were selected by usingtotal sampling method. Respondents of the research were first grade to fifth gradestudents. Primary data was collected on July 2013 by using questionnaire.Results showed that the prevalence of soil transmitted helminth infectionon students of Elementary School of Jagabaya 1 was 65.85 %. Bivariate analysisrevealed four variables that were significantly related to soil transmitted helminthinfection were personal hygiene (OR=3,194), nail cleanness (OR=3,765),maternal education (OR=2,360), and toilet ownership (OR=3,808). Multivariateanalysis indicated that the essential factors related to the occurrence of soiltransmitted helminth infection were nail cleanness (OR=4,062), toilet ownership(OR=3,569), and habit of washing hand before eating (OR=2,965).Keywords : soil transmitted helminth infection, personal hygiene, environmentalsanitation, school-age children, Lebak, Banten
Latar belakang : Kusta merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman kusta (Mycobacterium leprae). Salah satu dampak dari penyakit kusta adalah kecacatan yang dapat berupa cacat tingkat 0, tingkat 1 dan tingkat 2. Tahun 2010, di Kabupaten Lamongan terdapat 10,64% penderita baru mengalami cacat tingkat 2. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan cacat tingkat 2 lebih banyak terdapat pada penderita laki-laki dari pada perempuan dengan variasi tingkat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan kejadian cacat tingkat 2. Tujuan penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian cacat tingkat 2 pada penderita kusta di Kabupaten Lamongan tahun 2011-2012 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur, pekerjaan, keteraturan berobat, perawatan diri, riwayat reaksi, tipe kusta dan lama gejala. Metode penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Subjek penelitian ini adalah penderita kusta yang telah selesai atau sedang menjalani pengobatan sekurang-kurangnya 6 bulan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 154 orang terdiri dari 77 kasus dan 77 kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita kusta dengan cacat tingkat 2, dan kontrol adalah penderita kusta dengan cacat tingkat 0 atau 1. Data diperoleh melalui kartu penderita kusta di puskesmas tempat respoden menjalani pengobatan. Data dianalisis dengan statistik univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penderita kusta laki-laki 1,9 kali lebih berisiko mengalami kejadian cacat tingkat 2 dari pada penderita perempuan dengan nilai OR=1,90 (95% CI: 0,86-4,23) namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (nilai p=0,114) setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pekerjaan dan lama gejala sebelum didiagnosis menderita kusta. Diskusi : Pekerjaan dan lama mengalami gejala sebelum didiagnosis menderita kusta merupakan confounder bagi hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian cacat tingkat 2 pada penderita kusta di Kabupaten Lamongan tahun 2011-2012.
Background : Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. One of the effects of leprosy is a disability which may be a defect grade 0, grade 1 and grade 2. In 2010, in Lamongan District, there are 10,64% of new leprosy patients with grade 2 disabilities. In 2010, at Lamongan District, 10.64% of new patients are detected with disability level 2. Some research shows the occurence of grade 2 disability more in male patients than women with varying degrees of relationship between gender and occurence of grade 2 disability. Objective : This study aims to determine the association of gender and the occurence of grade 2 disability in leprosy patients in Lamongan District in 2011-2012 after controlling the variables age, work, regularity of treatment, self care, history of reaction, leprosy type and duration of symptoms. Methode : This study uses case-control design. The subjects of this study were leprosy patients who have completed or are undergoing treatment at least 6 months. The number of sample are 154 people consisting of 77 cases and 77 controls. Cases were leprosy patients with grade 2 disability and controls were leprosy patients with grade 0 or 1 disability. Data was obtained from the patient record in primary health care where the leprosy patients got the treatment. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Result: The analysis showed there were a male leprosy patient had probability 1,9 more then women to occured grade 2 disability with a value of OR=1,90 (95% CI: 0,86 to 4,23) but not statistically significant (p value = 0,114) after controlled by work and duration of symptoms before being diagnosed as leprosy patient. Discussion : Work and duration of symptoms before being diagnosed as leprosy patient are confounder for the assocation between gender and the occurence of grade 2 disability in leprosy patient in Lamongan District in 2011-2012.