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Introduction: Workers are one of the vulnerable groups for drug abuse. Drugs use by workers can lead to loss of productivity, workplace accidents and injuries, the increase of employee absenteeism, the decrease in morale and health problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and psychosocial determinants of drug abuse among workers in Indonesia. Methods: This study was an analysis of secondary data from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Abuse in the Working Group with a total of 34,397 respondents. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: The multivariate test showed that drug abuse behavior among workers was related to demographic characteristics (education), psychological characteristics (the agreeable attitude towards drug abuse, smoking behavior, drinking behavior, risky sex behavior and doing high-risk/dangerous work), and social characteristics. (drug-prone home environment, easy access to drugs, family consuming drugs, coworkers consuming drugs, friends consuming drugs, conflict within the family, conflict with the co-workers, age at the first time working less than 15 years and rarely/never doing religious activities). Conclusion: Many factors influence drug abuse among workers, therefore there is a need for comprehensive efforts to encourage the creation of a drug abuse prevention programs for workers in Indonesia.
Latar belakang: Inisiasi seksual adalah indikator utama dari kesehatan dan kesejahteraan seksual remaja. Sebagai kejadian transisi pada hidup individu, inisiasi seksual idealnya terjadi secara terencana atas persetujuan seluruh pihak yang melakukannya dengan relasi yang setara. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai risiko yang menyertai inisiasi seksual, terutama apabila dilakukan pada usia yang lebih awal.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan gambaran dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan inisiasi seksual pada remaja laki-laki dan remaja perempuan di Indonesia.
Metode: Dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang, penelitian ini melakukan analisis chi square dan regresi logistik terhadap 6.005 sampel remaja berusia 13 s.d. 17 tahun yang diperoleh dari Survei Nasional Pengalaman Hidup Anak dan Remaja Tahun 2024. Terdapat tiga belas variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, yaitu inisiasi seksual sebagai variabel dependen; gender sebagai variabel penstratifikasi; serta status pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan terkait HIV, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi NAPZA, struktur keluarga, dukungan keluarga, status sosial ekonomi, status perkawinan, riwayat berpacaran, dan dukungan teman sebagai variabel independen. Adapun inisiasi seksual dalam penelitian ini didefinisikan sebagai pengalaman hubungan seksual pertama kali.
Hasil: Sebanyak 1,0% remaja berusia 13 s.d. 17 tahun di Indonesia pernah mengalami inisiasi seksual dengan rincian 0,7% pada remaja laki-laki dan 1,4% pada remaja perempuan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa determinan dari inisiasi seksual pada remaja meliputi status bekerja pada remaja laki-laki (aOR: 5,30; 95% CI: 1,75—16,09); pernah mengonsumsi alkohol seumur hidup pada remaja secara gabungan (aOR: 7,30; 95% CI: 3,71—14,33), remaja laki-laki (aOR: 9,17; 95% CI: 3,06—27,44), dan remaja perempuan (aOR: 5,71; 95% CI: 1,59—20,54); status telah menikah pada remaja secara gabungan (aOR: 1.059,50; 95% CI: 226,60—4.953,98) dan remaja perempuan (aOR: 451,08; 95% CI: 76,84—2.648,17); dan riwayat pernah berpacaran pada remaja secara gabungan (aOR: 9,51; 95% CI: 4,21—21,45), remaja laki-laki (aOR: 6,81; 95% CI: 1,68—27,70), dan remaja perempuan (aOR: 8,67; 95% CI: 3,13—24,06). Adapun status sosial ekonomi rendah-sedang memiliki hubungan negatif dengan inisiasi seksual pada remaja secara keseluruhan (aOR: 0,44; 95% CI: 0,21—0,93; P value = 0,030) dan remaja laki-laki (aOR: 0,15; 95% CI: 0,06—0,43; P value < 0,001).
Kesimpulan: Faktor individu, situasional, keluarga, dan relasi berkaitan dengan inisiasi seksual. Faktor-faktor ini perlu dipertimbangkan dalam intervensi yang meliputi pendidikan seksualitas yang komprehensif, pemberian layanan kesehatan reproduksi remaja, dan penegakan hukum. Penelitian dengan desain longitudinal diperlukan untuk memastikan ada/tidaknya hubungan kausalitas antarvariabel.
Background: Sexual initiation is the core indicator for adolescent sexual health and well-being. As a transition event on adolescents’ life, sexual initiation is ideally performed with plan and consent from each of the parties involved and within an equal relation. However, previous studies have shown that there are increased risks that follow sexual initiation, especially if it happens early. Aim: This study aimed to describe and identify factors related to sexual initiation on male and female adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: Using cross-sectional design, this study was analyzed using chi square and logistic regression analysis on 6.005 samples of adolescents ranging from 13 to 17 years old accessed from National Survey of Life Experiences of Children and Adolescents 2024. This study focuses on sexual initiation as dependent variable; gender as stratifying variable; educational status, working status, knowledge about HIV, alcohol use, drug use, family structure, family support, socioeconomic status, marital status, dating history and peer support as indendent variables. Sexual initiation, in this study, is defined as the experience of first sexual intercourse. Results: One percent (1,0%) of adolescents in Indonesia have had their first sexual intercourse. The percentage is ranging from 0,7% on male adolescents and 1,4% on female adolescents. This research also finds that the determinants of sexual initiation on adolescents are male adolescents who are currently working (aOR: 5,30; 95% CI: 1,75—16,09); have consumed alcohol in lifetime on both adolescents (aOR: 7,30; 95% CI: 3,71—14,33), male adolescents (aOR: 9,17; 95% CI: 3,06—27,44), and female adolescents (aOR: 5,71; 95% CI: 1,59—20,54) who have consumed alcohol in lifetime; being married on adolescents cumulatively (aOR: 1.059,50; 95% CI: 226,60—4.953,98) and female adolescents (aOR: 451,08; 95% CI: 76,84—2.648,17); and ever dated someone on both adolescents(aOR: 9,51; 95% CI: 4,21—21,45), male adolescents (aOR: 6,81; 95% CI: 1,68—27,70), and female adolescents (aOR: 8,67; 95% CI: 3,13—24,06). Low-middle socioeconomic status is negatively associated with sexual initiation on both adolescents (aOR: 0,44; 95% CI: 0,21—0,93) and male adolescents (aOR: 0,15; 95% CI: 0,06—0,43; P value < 0,001). Conclusion: Individual, situasional, family and relational factors are related to sexual initiation. These factors should be considered during interventions that include comprehensive sexuality education, adolescent reproductive health service and law enforcement. Researches with longitudinal nature are required to identify the presence of causal associations between variables.
