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Food security is a condition when everyone can access safe and nutritious food for an active and healthy life. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts food security due to its adverse socio-economic impact, which causes food insecurity. Food insecurity is related to poor diet quality. This study aims to determine the factors related to household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relation to the consumption habits among students at SMAN 1 and SMAN 2 Liwa, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. This quantitative research with a cross-sectional design uses secondary data. The sample of this study was 207 high school students (aged 14-17 years) and their mothers. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results showed 51,2% of households experienced food insecurity. The results of statistical analysis showed that the father's occupation as a non-civil servant (OR = 4,115), the parent's monthly income during the COVID-19 pandemic was less than the District Minimum Wage (UMK) (OR = 4,115), father's education and mother's education was less than or equal to junior high school (OR = 1.739 and 1.843) had a significant relationship to household food insecurity. This study also found that household food insecurity was significantly related to the habit of not frequently consuming animal protein sources (OR = 2.569), milk and its processed products (OR = 7.098), and fast food (OR = 0.562) in students. Food security programs should be focused on vulnerable targets, namely households with fathers and mothers with low education and income below the UMK. It is recommended to raise chicken and fish as a source of animal protein consumption for food insecurity households. The Food Security Agency can collaborate with the Animal Husbandry Agency to develop the dairy cows industry to increase milk production.
Asupan mikronutrien inadekuat dapat berdampak buruk bagi imunitas tubuh, terutama saat pandemi Covid-19. Asupan mikronutrien mahasiswa dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti pengetahuan gizi, tingkat stress, uang saku, media sosial, dan konsumsi. Untuk melihat hubungan antara asupan mikronutrien dengan faktor-faktor tersebut, dilakukan penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder tahun 2020 yang melibatkan 138 mahasiswa S1 Gizi Universitas Indonesia. Ditemukan persentase asupan vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, asam folat, zat besi dan seng tergolong cukup (≥70% AKG) adalah 53,6%, 16,7%, 1,4%, 0%, 22,5%, 17,4%, 1,4%, 1,4%, dan 27,5%. Hasil analisis dengan chi-square menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara asupan seng dengan penggunaan instagram (p-value= 0,002), asupan vitamin C (p-value=0,010), asupan asam folat (p- value=0,000), dan asupan seng (p-value=0,018) dengan konsumsi sayuran, asupan vitamin C (p-value=0,000), vitamin D (p-value=0,007), vitamin E (p-value=0,000), vitamin B6 (p-value=0,000), asam folat (p-value=0,007), dan zat besi (p-value=0,007) dengan konsumsi buah, asupan vitamin B12 (p-value=0,012) dan seng (p-value=0,027) dengan konsumsi lauk hewani, asupan vitamin C (p-value=0,033), vitamin E (p- value=0,011), dan seng (p-value=0,017) dengan kebiasaan sarapan. Meskipun tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan dengan pengetahuan gizi dan tingkat stress, kecenderungan hubungan masih ditemukan. Dengan demikian, pengetahuan gizi, tingkat stress, media sosial, serta konsumsi merupakan faktor yang penting untuk dipertimbangkan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan asupan mikronutrien pada mahasiswa. Kata kunci: Asupan mikronutrien, konsumsi sayur, konsumsi buah, konsumsi lauk hewani, sarapan, mahasiswa
Micronutrient inadequacy can cause effects on the immune system, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Students’ micronutrient intake may be influenced by knowledge, stress levels, pocket money, social media, and consumption. To assess the relationship between micronutrient intake and these factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data in 2020 involving 138 students of the Nutrition students in University of Indonesia. This study found that the percentage of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron and zinc adequacy, respectively, was 53.6%, 16.7%, 1.4%, 0 %, 22.5%, 17.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 27.5%. The result of chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between zinc intake and instagram usage (p-value = 0.002), vitamin C (p-value=0,010), folic acid (p-value=0,000), and zinc (p-value=0,018) intake with vegetable consumption, vitamin C (p-value=0.000), vitamin D (p-value=0.007), vitamin E (p- value=0.000), vitamin B6 (p-value=0.000), folic acid (p-value=0.007), and iron (p- value=0.007) intake with fruit consumption, vitamin B12 (p-value=0.012) and zinc (p- value=0.027) with animal source food consumption, vitamin C (p-value = 0.033), vitamin E (p-value = 0.011), and zinc (p-value = 0.017) intake with breakfast habits. Even though no significant relationship was found with nutritional knowledge and stress levels, the tendencies of the relationship was still found. Therefore, nutritional knowledge, stress levels, social media, and consumption are important factors in order to optimize students’ micronutrient intake. Key Words: Miconutrient intake, vegetable consumption, fruit consumption, animal source food consumption, breakfast, college student
Diarrhea is an infectious disease that causes child morbidity and mortality and often causes outbreaks in several provinces in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in children under two in the Pasir Putih Village, Sawangan District, Depok City in 2020. This study used secondary data with a cross-sectional study design. Incidence of diarrhea in children under two was used as the dependent variable, while the independent variable used was environmental, behavioral, nutritional, and sociodemographic characteristics. The data were then analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that as many as 11.3% of children under two experienced diarrhea in the last 1 month. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the distance of well from nearest landfill/laystall, the habit of cutting children's nails, the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the income of the head of the household with the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months.
The Covid-19 pandemic has also had a lot of influence on the adoption of comfort eating behavior in adolescents which involves increasing consumption of foods high in sugar, salt and fat (GGL). This study aims to see the difference in the high frequency of GGL before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in high school students. The research design used in this study was cross sectional. The dependent variables include the frequency of high consumption of sugar (cake/roti/donat/kue basah, minuman kopi, soft drink dan minuman kemasan), the frequency of high consumption of salt (chiki/snacks, mie instan, makanan kaleng and frozen food) and the frequency of high-fat consumption (French fries, fried chicken, burger/kebab/hotdog, pasta, makanan bersantan, makanan berlemak, tahu goreng, tempe goreng, ubi/sukun/pisang/cempedak/singkong goreng, perkedel/bakwan, risoles/panada/pastel, roti goreng dan kerupuk/keripik) as well as supporting variables, namely individual characteristics and family characteristics. The results of the univariate analysis showed that on average there was a decrease in the frequency of consumption in SMAN 1 Liwa and SMAN 2 Liwa students, only two variables experienced an increase in consumption, namely soft drinks and canned food. Significant differences in the frequency of high sugar, salt and fat consumption before and during the Covid-19 pandemic were found in the frequency of cake/roti/donat/kue basah (p-value=0.001) konsumsi minuman kopi (p-value=0.045), minuman kemasan (p-value=0.000), minuman bersoda (p-value=0.000), Snack/chiki (p-value=0.000), makanan kaleng (p-value=0.000), kentang goreng (p-value=0.000), fried chicken (p-value=0.004), burger/kebab/hotdog/pizza (p-value=0.000), pasta (p-value=0.000), makanan bersantan (p-value=0.005), rendang/jeroan (p-value=0.006), tahu goreng (p-value=0.000), tempe goreng (p-value=0.000), risoles/panada/pastel (p-value=0.001) dan kerupuk (p-value=0.012).
