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ABSTRAK Penyalahgunaan operasi sesar dan dilakukan tanpa keperluan medis berisiko munculnya masalah kesehatan jangka panjang maupun pendek. Tren persalinan sesar di Indonesia tahun 2007-2012 mengalami peningkatan dua kali lipat. Sikap tenaga pemeriksa kehamilan menjadi isu dalam menurunkan angka persalinan sesar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tenaga pemeriksa kehamilan dengan persalinan sesar. Metode penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan sampel penelitian 5.143 wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) yang melahirkan anak terakhir di wilayah perkotaan Indonesia yang terpilih dalam sampel SDKI 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan kehamilan pada spesialis kandungan 6,6 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 3,2-13,7), sedangkan pemeriksaan kehamilan pada spesialis kandungan dan bidan 0,5 kali lebih rendah untuk melakukan persalinan sesar dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan 2,1 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 1,0–4,3) untuk melakukan persalinan sesar dibandingkan dengan ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilannya di bidan setelah dikontrol oleh usia ibu, tempat periksa hamil, paritas, dan tempat melahirkan. Adanya interaksi spesialis kandungan dengan sosial ekonomi untuk persalinan sesar. Penetapan peraturan dilakukannya persalinan sesar oleh institusi kesehatan, serta melakukan upaya protektif dan preventif persalinan pada kelompok masyarakat ekonomi tinggi bertujuan untuk mengurangi terjadinya persalinan sesar yang tidak perlu. Kata kunci: persalinan sesar, tenaga pemeriksa kehamilan, perkotaan
ABSTRACT Abuse of caesarean section and performed without medical purposes risky health long and short problems. Trends cesarean deliveries in Indonesia in 2007 and 2012 has increased two-fold. The attitude of antenatal care provider become an issue in reducing the number of cesarean delivery. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship antenatal care provider with cesarean section. The methods of this this study is cross-sectional, using sample of 5.143 women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who gave birth to the last child through cesarean delivery and cesarean deliveries in urban areas selected in the sample Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The results showed that antenatal care in obstetrician 6.6 times higher (95 % CI 3.2 to 13.7), while antenatal care in obstetrician and midwife 0.5 times less likely to perform cesarean delivery compared with antenatal 2.1 times higher (95% CI 1.0 to 4.3 ) to perform cesarean delivery compared with women who undergo pregnancy examinations in midwifery after controlled by maternal age, a pregnancy check, parity, and place of birth. Their interaction with the content of socio-economic specialist for a cesarean delivery. Formation of rules does a cesarean delivery by health institutions, as well as make efforts to protective and preventive labor in high economic communities aim to reduce the occurrence of unnecessary cesarean deliveries. Keywords: cesarean section, antenatal care provider, urban
Kata kunci:Waria, faktor, HIV, IMS
HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are public health problem that veryimportant to be considered. As key population of HIV transmissions, Transgender needto be given special intention so its transmission to the general population can beprevented. Based on the Integrated Biological and Behaviour Survey (IBSS) 2011 and2015, the prevalence of STI such as syphilis, clamidia, and gonorrhea on Transgender hasdecreased, while HIV prevalence has increased from 22% to 25%. This study discussesthe factors related to the incidence of HIV and STI among Transgender in 5 cities inIndonesia using data Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in 2015. Thisstudy is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design followed the design ofthe study on IBBS 2015. The result showed that factors related to HIV dan STI onTransgender in 5 cities are age, education, employment, comprehensive knowledge,consistency of use of condoms, consistency of the use of lubricant, number of anal sexpartners, use of injectable drugs, use of silicone injections, alcohol consumption beforesex, HIV tests, and visits to STI services. The results of the this study showed that the useof silicone injections was the most influential factor on the status of HIV on Transgenderin 5 cities in Indonesia (OR = 1.68).
Key words:Transgender, factors, HIV, STI.
Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR) is one of the indicators that can be used inassessing health status of a nation. This is because perinatal mortality is quite high contributed to Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). In Indonesia, there is no deriving of PMR in last ten years (2002-2012). The design used in this research was crosssectional study. This research used secondary data of IDHS 2012 with three stagecluster sampling technique. Samples taken were 15.340 respondents with 1.420 respondents experiencing perinatal death and 14.010 respondents were born aliveand did not experience early neonatal death. The results showed that there isassociation between maternal education, age, parity, pregnancy complication,delivery complication, premature, birth weight, early initiation of breastfeeding,and frequency of antenatal visits with perinatal mortality. Delivery complicationis the highest risk factor in affecting perinatal mortality.Key words:Perinatal, stillbirth, complication, antenatal
