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Desi Nuraini; Pembimbing: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Achmad Ghozali Thohir
Abstrak:
Aktivitas lepas pantai memiliki risiko tinggi. Fase Hook-up, Pre-commissioning dan Commissioning meliputi pengangkatan, pengelasan dan pengetesan yang membutuhkan konsentrasi. Di PT X sudah terjadi dua kali near miss dan tiga kali property damage dengan akar masalah menunjukkan gejala kelelahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran kelelahan dan mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan. Menggunakan kuesioner Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleep Hygiene Index dan alat Pulse Oximeter dengan metode analitik observasional dan desain studi cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian diambil dari jumlah populasi pekerja kontraktor lepas pantai sebanyak 153 pekerja. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Uji normalitas menggunakan uji kolmogorov smirnov, uji statistik menggunakan chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan multivariat regresi logistik. Hasil pengukuran kelelahan sebelum bekerja menunjukkan 27,5% pekerja mengalami kelelahan. Pengukuran kelelahan subjektif setelah bekerja dan objektif menunjukkan mayoritas pekerja mengalami kelelahan sebesar 53,6% dan 52,9%. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan pekerja kontraktor lepas pantai yaitu usia, status gizi, kondisi kesehatan, waktu tidur, kualitas tidur, sleep hygiene, beban kerja dan desain roster. Faktor dominan yang berpeluang mempengaruhi kelelahan subjektif yaitu kualitas tidur, sedangkan faktor dominan yang berpeluang mempengaruhi kelelahan objektif yaitu beban kerja
Offshore activities have high risk. Phase hook-up, pre-commissioning and commissioning with various characteristics of work including lifting, welding and testing required concentration. PT X has two near misses and three property damage with root cause showed fatigue symptoms. This research purpose to overview fatigue and identify affecting factors of fatigue offshore contractor workers in phase hook-up, pre-commissioning and commissioning. Used questionnaire such as Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleep Hygiene Index and Pulse Oximeter instrument with observational analytical methods, cross-sectional study design. Sample taken from workers population of 153 workers. Obtained data are analyzed with quantitative approaches, data analysis using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Normality test used kolmogorov smirnov test, statistical test used chi-square with 95%CI, multivariate logistic regression. Fatigue measurement prior work showed that 27,5% workers had fatigue. Subjective after work and objective fatigue measurement showed that majority of workers have fatigue by 53,6% and 52,9%. Affecting factors of fatigue offshore contractor workers are age, nutritional status, health conditions, sleep quantity, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, workload and roster design. Dominant factor that has opportunity affecting subjective fatigue is sleep quality, while the dominant factor that has opportunity affecting objective fatigue is workload
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Offshore activities have high risk. Phase hook-up, pre-commissioning and commissioning with various characteristics of work including lifting, welding and testing required concentration. PT X has two near misses and three property damage with root cause showed fatigue symptoms. This research purpose to overview fatigue and identify affecting factors of fatigue offshore contractor workers in phase hook-up, pre-commissioning and commissioning. Used questionnaire such as Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleep Hygiene Index and Pulse Oximeter instrument with observational analytical methods, cross-sectional study design. Sample taken from workers population of 153 workers. Obtained data are analyzed with quantitative approaches, data analysis using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Normality test used kolmogorov smirnov test, statistical test used chi-square with 95%CI, multivariate logistic regression. Fatigue measurement prior work showed that 27,5% workers had fatigue. Subjective after work and objective fatigue measurement showed that majority of workers have fatigue by 53,6% and 52,9%. Affecting factors of fatigue offshore contractor workers are age, nutritional status, health conditions, sleep quantity, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, workload and roster design. Dominant factor that has opportunity affecting subjective fatigue is sleep quality, while the dominant factor that has opportunity affecting objective fatigue is workload
T-6293
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Kharisma Muffti Pratama; Pembimbing: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Laksita Ri Hastiti, Supono, Von Satrio
Abstrak:
Beberapa kecelakaan besar di anjungan lepas pantai disebabkan oleh adanya kurangnya kewaspadaan dan kejadian kelelahan yang dialami oleh pekerja. Kelelahan dan kekurangwaspadaan dalam beberapa literatur disebabkan oleh kurangnya kualitas dan kuantitas tidur yang baik. Kualitas dan kuantitas tidur dipengaruhi oleh sleep hygiene yang dilakukan oleh pekerja, dan juga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi akomodasi dan shift kerja yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran kuantitas dan kualitas tidur, hubungan sleep hygiene dengan kualitas dan kuantitas tidur, serta untuk melihat hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan aspek kewaspadaan dan kelalahan yang dialami pekerja. Penelitian dilakukan di anjungan lepas pantai PT. X, dengan responden kuesioner sebanyak 24 pekerja, dan pemakai alat aktigrafi sebanyak 22 pekerja. Pengambilan data aktigrafi dilakukan selama 14 hari kerja dan dibedakan menjadi tiga kelompok shift yang berbeda. Dari PSQI didapatkan 63,1% responden memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk dan 36,9% responden miliki kualitas tidur yang baik. Durasi tidur rata-rata terendah berdasarkan pengambilan data dengan perangkat aktigrafi diperoleh pada shift malam (300 menit), sedangkan durasi tidur tertinggi diperoleh pekerja non shift (358 menit). Data aktigrafi menunjukkan bahwa durasi tidur rata-rata pekerja PT. X menggunakan HVAC A lebih panjang daripada menggunakan HVAC B. Terdapat 59,5% responden mengalami normal fatigue dan 40,5% responden mengalami mild fatigue. Hampir seluruh responden memiliki sleep hygiene yang baik (95,2%) dan tidak ada hubungan antara sleep hygiene dengan PSQI/Kualitas Tidur. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan kewaspadaan saat bekerja antara pekerja dengan kualitas tidur baik dan pekerja dengan kualitas tidur buruk (p-value : 0,466). Dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara Kualitas Tidur dengan kondisi kelelahan pekerja (p-value : 0,062)
Some major accidents on offshore platforms are caused by a lack of awareness and fatigue experienced by workers. Fatigue and lack of awareness in some literature is caused by a lack of good quality and quantity of sleep. The quality and quantity of sleep is affected by the sleep hygiene practiced by workers, the conditions of accommodation and work shifts performed. This study aims to observe of the quantity and quality of sleep, the relationship between sleep hygiene and the quality and quantity of sleep, and to observe the relationship between sleep quality and the aspects of alertness and fatigue experienced by workers. The research was conducted at the offshore platform of PT. X, with 24 workers responding to the questionnaire, and 22 workers using actigraphy tools. Actigraphic data collection was carried out for 14 working days and divided into three different shift groups. From the PSQI 63.1% of respondents had poor sleep quality and 36.9% of respondents had good sleep quality. The lowest average sleep duration based on data collection with actigraphic devices was obtained during the night shift (300 minutes), while the highest sleep duration was obtained by non-shift workers (358 minutes). Actigraphy data shows that the average sleep duration with HVAC A longer than using HVAC B. There were 59.5% of respondents experiencing normal fatigue and 40.5% of respondents experiencing mild fatigue. Almost all respondents had good sleep hygiene (95.2%) and there was no relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality. There was no relationship between sleep quality and worker alertness (p-value:0,466). And there is no relationship between sleep quality and worker fatigue (p-value: 0.062)
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Some major accidents on offshore platforms are caused by a lack of awareness and fatigue experienced by workers. Fatigue and lack of awareness in some literature is caused by a lack of good quality and quantity of sleep. The quality and quantity of sleep is affected by the sleep hygiene practiced by workers, the conditions of accommodation and work shifts performed. This study aims to observe of the quantity and quality of sleep, the relationship between sleep hygiene and the quality and quantity of sleep, and to observe the relationship between sleep quality and the aspects of alertness and fatigue experienced by workers. The research was conducted at the offshore platform of PT. X, with 24 workers responding to the questionnaire, and 22 workers using actigraphy tools. Actigraphic data collection was carried out for 14 working days and divided into three different shift groups. From the PSQI 63.1% of respondents had poor sleep quality and 36.9% of respondents had good sleep quality. The lowest average sleep duration based on data collection with actigraphic devices was obtained during the night shift (300 minutes), while the highest sleep duration was obtained by non-shift workers (358 minutes). Actigraphy data shows that the average sleep duration with HVAC A longer than using HVAC B. There were 59.5% of respondents experiencing normal fatigue and 40.5% of respondents experiencing mild fatigue. Almost all respondents had good sleep hygiene (95.2%) and there was no relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality. There was no relationship between sleep quality and worker alertness (p-value:0,466). And there is no relationship between sleep quality and worker fatigue (p-value: 0.062)
T-6555
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Charles Mangaraja Tampubolon; Pembimbing: Ridwan Z. Sjaaf; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Baiduri, Dyah Purwaning Rahayu, Widura Imam Mustopo
Abstrak:
Kebiasaan makan yang tidak sehat dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik serta juga kurangnya kualitasdan kuantitas tidur adalah beberapa faktor perilaku gaya hidup yang berpotensi berkembangmenjadi masalah kesehatan untuk pekerja kontraktor lepas pantai Sarku Enjinering Utama.Mengidentifikasi dengan survei cross sectional pekerja siang lepas pantai (N = 40; laki-laki)yang digunakan untuk memetakan gambaran besar antara kebiasaan makan, aktivitas fisik dankebiasaan tidur dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Indek masa tubuh rata-rata seluruhresponden adalah 21,88 kg/m2 dan usia rata-rata responden secara keseluruhan adalah 38,7 tahun.Angka rata-rata IMT lebih tinggi pada pekerja dengan kebiasaan yang selalu makan di antarahidangan penutup, snack, mie instan pada waktu jeda istirahat. Angka rata-rata IMT lebihrendah pada pekerja yang memiliki olahraga sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan mereka yangolahraga 1-2 kali per minggu. Angka rata-rata IMT lebih tinggi didapatkan dengan jam tidurmalam lebih pendek, sering terbangun dan kualitas tidur yang buruk dibandingkan denganmereka yang lebih rendah. Nyenyak tidur dan kualitas tidur mempunyai perbedaan yangbermakna diantara rata-rata IMT. Hasil survei ini mengkonfirmasi kebutuhan untuk intervensipromosi kesehatan dari perusahaan Sarku Enjinering Utama seperti program kebiasaan makansehat, latihan olahraga dan tidur yang lebih baik untuk pekerja lepas pantainya sehingga dapatmenjalankan gaya hidup yang lebih sehat.
Kata Kunci: sehat, gaya hidup, IMT, Lepas pantai, Sarku, makan, olahraga, tidur
Unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activities and also sleep deprivation are some of thelifestyle behavior factors that form a potentially growing health problem for Sarku EnjineringUtama offshore workers. Identifying with a cross sectional survey of day offshore workers(N=40;males) was employed to mapping a big picture between eating, physical activities andsleep habits with Body Mass Index (BMI). Mean BMI for the overall was 21,88 kg/m2 and meanage for the overall responden was 38.7 yr. Mean BMI was higher in workers with eating habitsthat always eat among dessert, snack, noodles on the coffee time. Mean BMI was lower inworkers that have a physical activities everyday compared to those have 1-2 times per week.Higher Mean BMI sleep shorter hours, awakened frequently and poor sleep quality compared tothose with a lower Mean BMI. A deep sleep and quality of sleep have a significant differenceamong mean BMI rate.The results of this survey confirm the need for health promotion interventions from SarkuEnjinering Utama company such as healthy eating, physical exercise and better sleep programfor their offshore workers that can enable healthier lifestyle.
Key words: health, lifestyle, BMI, offshore, Sarku, eat, physical, activity, sleep
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Kata Kunci: sehat, gaya hidup, IMT, Lepas pantai, Sarku, makan, olahraga, tidur
Unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activities and also sleep deprivation are some of thelifestyle behavior factors that form a potentially growing health problem for Sarku EnjineringUtama offshore workers. Identifying with a cross sectional survey of day offshore workers(N=40;males) was employed to mapping a big picture between eating, physical activities andsleep habits with Body Mass Index (BMI). Mean BMI for the overall was 21,88 kg/m2 and meanage for the overall responden was 38.7 yr. Mean BMI was higher in workers with eating habitsthat always eat among dessert, snack, noodles on the coffee time. Mean BMI was lower inworkers that have a physical activities everyday compared to those have 1-2 times per week.Higher Mean BMI sleep shorter hours, awakened frequently and poor sleep quality compared tothose with a lower Mean BMI. A deep sleep and quality of sleep have a significant differenceamong mean BMI rate.The results of this survey confirm the need for health promotion interventions from SarkuEnjinering Utama company such as healthy eating, physical exercise and better sleep programfor their offshore workers that can enable healthier lifestyle.
Key words: health, lifestyle, BMI, offshore, Sarku, eat, physical, activity, sleep
T-4580
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Eddy Sulistyono; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Jimmy Tiarlina, Astuti
Abstrak:
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Sindrom metabolik menurut American Heart Association (AHA) 2021 merupakan kumpulan dari 5 faktor risiko yang dapat memicu terjadinya serangan jantung, diabetes, stroke dan penyakit kardiovaskular lainnya. 5 faktor risiko itu adalah (1) Meningkatnya kadar trigliserida, (2) lingkar perut semakin besar, (3) meningkatnya gula dalam darah (4) menurunnya level high density lipoprotein (HDL), dan (5) naiknya tekanan darah. Berdasarkan hasil Medical Check Up (MCU) 2021 semua pekerja di PT X diketahui prevalensi kejadian sindrom metabolik naik menjadi 22,4% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya (16,2%). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran sindrom metabolik pada pekerja lapangan lepas pantai di PT X tahun 2021 dengan metode cross sectional. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel riwayat keluarga, work shift, lama bekerja, aktivitas fisik, perilaku sedentari, durasi tidur dan merokok tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik (p-value > 0,05). Variabel usia, dan IMT memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik (p-value < 0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan antara pola makan responden yang memiliki riwayat sindrom metabolik dengan pola makan responden yang tidak memiliki riwayat sindrom metabolik. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan promosi kesehatan pekerja yang baik untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pekerja akan kesehatan.
Metabolic syndrome according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 2021 is a collection of 5 risk factors that can trigger heart attacks, diabetes, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. The 5 risk factors are (1) increased triglyceride levels, (2) greater abdominal circumference, (3) increased blood sugar (4) decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and (5) increased blood pressure. Based on the results of the 2021 Medical Check Up (MCU), all workers at PT X found that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome had increased to 22.4% compared to the previous year (16.2%). The purpose of this study was to describe the metabolic syndrome in offshore field workers at PT X in 2021 using the cross sectional method. From the research results it is known that the variables of family history, work shift, length of work, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration and smoking are not associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (p-value > 0.05). Age and BMI variables were associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (p-value <0.05).There was no difference between the eating patterns of respondents who had a history of metabolic syndrome and the eating patterns of respondents who did not have a history of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the worker heath program to increase awareness of workers about health
T-6517
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Cahyo Hardo Priyoasmoro; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Indri Hapsari Susilowati, Mufti Wirawan, Achmad Dahlan, Ivan Fadlun Azmy
Abstrak:
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Resiko bekerja di perusahaan migas PT X yang berlokasi di offshore Natuna adalah relatif tinggi. Sepanjang tahun 2018 – 2023 terjadi fluktuasi kecelakaan kerja di PT. X. Bahkan setelah dua tahun (tahun 2020 dan 2019) tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja untuk kategori recordable injury (kasus di atas FAC), di tahun 2021 terjadi lagi 3 kasus (1 RWDC dan 2 MTC) dan di tahun 2022 terjadi 4 kasus (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, dan 2 MTC). Di tahun 2023 terjadi 1 kasus (1 RWDC). Korban kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2021 didominasi oleh pekerja kontrak dan pekerja tetap sedangkan kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2022 dan 2023 semuanya terjadi pada pekerja kontrak. Sebagian besar kecelakaan yang terjadi penyebab langsungnya adalah unsafe acts. Sampai saat ini belum ada analisis menyeluruh dari data investigasi kecelakaan-kecelakaan yang telah dilakukan PT X untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor penyebab dasar dari semua kecelakaan tersebut. Dengan demikian, penelitian perlu dilakukan, dan karena berhubungan dengan human factor, maka pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut dengan metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X antara tahun 2018 – 2023 dengan metode HFACS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa rekaman kejadian kecelakaan dan laporan investigasi atas 41 kecelakaan di PT X. Data sekunder tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan empat (4) tahapan kegagalan di metode HFACS, yaitu unsafe acts, precondition of unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, dan organizational influence. Pengklasifikasian ini divalidasi oleh dua ahli keselamatan kerja, di mana hasil validasinya relatif tinggi (96%). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor-faktor HFACS yang mempengaruhi kecelakaan terbesar berturut-turut adalah adverse mental state (51,2%), skill-based error (39%), routine violations (34,1%), dan tools/technological dan resource management (masing-masing 31,7%). Kemudian disusul oleh decision error (29,3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problem dan organizational process masing-masing (17,1%), lalu supervisory violation dan organizational climate masing-masing (9,8%). Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor HFACS yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk perbaikan program K3 perusahaan guna menurunkan angka kecelakaan dengan memprioritaskannya pada faktor HFACS yang bersifat latent failure baru kemudian pada faktor active failure-nya, karena latent failure - jika diperbaiki- akan menjadi kunci untuk mencegah berulangnya kecelakaan.
The risks of working for the PT X , an oil and gas company located offshore Natuna are relatively high. Throughout 2018 – 2023 there were fluctuations in work accidents at PT. X. Even after two years (2020 and 2019) there was no work accident for the recordable injury category (cases above FAC), in 2021 there were 3 cases (1 RWDC and 2 MTC) and in 2022 there were 4 cases (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, and 2 MTC). In 2023 there was 1 case (1 RWDC). Work accident victims in 2021 are dominated by contract workers and permanent workers, while work accidents in 2022 and 2023 all occur in contract workers. Most of the accidents that occur are directly caused by unsafe acts. Until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of accident investigation data that has been carried out by PT X to obtain the basic causal factors of all these accidents. Thus, research needs to be carried out, and because it is related to human factors, this research will analyze the factors that cause work accidents using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. Objective: Analyzing the factors that influence work accidents at PT X between 2018 – 2023 using the HFACS method. Method: This research is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach. The secondary data used is in the form of recordings of accidents and investigation reports on 41 accidents at PT X . This classification was validated by two occupational safety experts, where the validation results were relatively high (96%). Results: The research results explain that the HFACS factors that influence the biggest accidents are adverse mental state (51.2%), skill-based errors (39%), routine violations (34.1%), and tools/technological and resources, respectively. management (31.7% each). Then followed by decision errors (29.3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problems and organizational processes respectively (17.1%), then supervisory violations and organizational climate respectively (9.8%). Conclusion: The HFACS factors that influence work accidents in PT X can be used as input for improving the company's H&S program to reduce the number of accidents by prioritizing the HFACS factors which are latent failures and then the active failure factors, because latent failures - if corrected - will become key to preventing recurrence of accidents.
T-6952
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Yudi Handradika; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Budiawan, Heni D. Mayawati, Elsye As Safira
Abstrak:
Pekerja di lapangan migas, khususnya di lepas pantai memiliki risiko yangtinggi terhadap pajanan BTX di area kerja. Pajanan bersumber dari aktifitas yanglangsung bersentuhan dengan uap dan gas hidrokarbon yang sifatnya mudahmenguap pada suhu kamar (Volatile organic compounds - VOC) sehinggamemungkinkan terhisap oleh para pekerja dan menimbulkan efek kesehatan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan tingkat risiko nonkarsinogenik dankarsinogenik dari Pajanan BTX terhadap pekerja lepas pantai beserta manajemenrisiko yang harus dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintangmenggunakan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL) yangmeliputi 4 langkah penting: identifikasi bahaya, analisis dosis-respon, analisispajanan dan karakterisasi risiko. Jumlah sampel berupa 95 orang pekerja tetap diperusahaan hulu migas X. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara danpengukuran langsung, tingkat risiko dihitung dengan cara membagi asupandengan dosis referensi BTX. Sebagai pembanding (control) dilakukan jugaperhitungan terhadap 7 orang pekerja lepas pantai yang bekerja hanya di kantor(office). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan risiko pajanan benzene non karsinogenikharus diwaspadai bagi pekerja lepas pantai dimana dari perhitungan diketahuinilai RQ (Risk Quotient) yang lebih dari satu baik untuk pajanan realtime (ada21,05% pekerja) maupun pajanan lifetime (61,05% pekerja). Sementara untukrisiko pajanan non karsinogenik dari toluene dan xylene termasuk rendah. Iniditunjukkan dari hasil perhitungan RQ untuk realtime maupun lifetime yangsemuanya (100%) bernilai kurang dari satu (RQ <1). Untuk risiko kesehatanpajanan karsinogenik benzene, diperoleh bahwa 20% pekerja lepas pantaimemiliki efek karsinogenik pada pajanan realtime dan 60% pekerja pada pajananlifetime. Disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan manajemen risiko terhadap pajanansenyawa benzene di lingkungan kerja lepas pantai, agar pekerja terhindar daririsiko kesehatan baik risiko nonkarsinogenik dan risiko karsinogenik jangkapanjang.
Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
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Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
T-4438
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Eko Susanto; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Hendra, Asep Amin Koswara, Lista Wimarlie
Abstrak:
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Pertambangan merupakan salah satu sektor yang mempunyai tingkat distres yang tinggi terutama pada pekerja kontraktor di area tambang bawah tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor individu, faktor pekerjaan dan faktor organisasi sebagai variabel bebas terhadap stres kerja (distres) sebagai variabel terikat pada pekerja kontraktor tambang bawah tanah PTFI. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif cross sectional dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner demografi dan work stressor questionaire dari American Institute Preventive Medicine (AIPM). Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 400 pekerja. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan metode statistik regresi logistik untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 30.5% responden mengalami distres dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah faktor pekerjaan meliputi overload (POR=9,96), underload (POR=14,29), kejenuhan (POR=14,44), dan faktor organisasi meliputi permasalahan dengan atasan (POR=5.36), konflik deskripsi pekerjaan (POR=32,04), tekanan pekerjaan (POR=17,67) dan masalah job security (POR:13,83) mempunyai pengaruh signifikan dalam menyebabkan distres pada pekerja kontraktor tambang bawah tanah. Tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh faktor individu yang signifikan terhadap distres. Untuk itu kami merekomendasi membuat seluruh deskripsi kerja, pembuatan analisis beban kerja, pelaksanaan rotasi kerja, coaching oleh supervisor dan pekerja senior serta aplikasi KPI untuk perpanjangan kontrak pekerja untuk mengurangi tingkat distres pada pekerja.
The mining industry is a sector that has a high level of distress, especially for contractor workers in underground mining areas. This research aims to analyze individual, job, and organizational factors that influence work stress (distress) among PTFI underground mining contractors. This quantitative research design is cross-sectional, using demographic questionnaire instruments and work stressor questionnaires from the American Institute of Preventive Medicine (AIPM). The number of respondents who participated in this research was 400. Research data analysis uses the logistic regression statistical method to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The results showed that 30.5% of respondents experienced distress, and the variables overload (POR: 9.96), underload (POR: 14.29), boredom (POR: 14.44), problems with superiors (POR: 5.36), job description conflict (POR:32.04), pressure employment (POR:17.67), and job security issues (POR:13.83) influence worker distress. The research concluded that there was no influence of individual factors on distress. For this reason, we recommend provide job descriptions to all job profile, create workload analyses, implementing work rotation, coaching by supervisors and senior employees, and using KPI as the basis for extending worker contracts to reduce the level of work stress and distress for underground mining contractors.
T-7136
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dedi Laksono; Pembimbing: Baiduri Widanarko; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Hendra, Sukerim Waryan, Achmad Dahlan
Abstrak:
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Psychological safety yang rendah telah berkontribusi terhadap kecelakaan – kecelakaan besar yang terjadi di industri minyak dan gas bumi. PT. X yang merupakan salah satu industri minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia merujuk pada hasil Health & Safety Engagement Survey dan analisis cidera akibat kerja menunjukkan bahwa profil psychological safety pada pekerja fasilitas produksi minyak dan gas bumi lepas pantai di PT. X perlu ditingkatkan. Oleh karena itu, peneliitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil psychological safety dan faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan profil psychological safety guna dapat memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat dalam rangka peningkatan profil psychological safety pada pekerja fasilitas produksi minyak dan gas bumi lepas pantai di PT. X. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada periode Maret – Juni 2024 di 4 (empat) lokasi menggunakan metode penelitian campuran, yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional dan metode kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Sampel untuk metode kuantitatif berjumlah 255 responden dan sampel untuk metode kualitatif berjumlah 8 (delapan) informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden (65,5%) memiliki profil psychological safety rendah yang berarti sebagian besar responden merasa takut untuk melakukan hal – hal yang berkaitan dengan HSE. Kemudian, dengan menggunakan uji chi square didapatkan bahwa faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan profil psychological safety pada pekerja fasilitas produksi minyak dan gas bumi lepas pantai di PT. X, yaitu kompetensi keselamatan (OR 3,37, 95% CI 1,96 – 5,78), kepercayaan (OR 5,35, 95% CI 3,06 – 9,36), tekanan rekan kerja (OR 5,27, 95% CI 3,00 – 9,26), hubungan interpersonal (OR 6,05, 95% CI 3,40 – 10,75), tekanan pekerjaan (OR 4,88, 95% CI 2,80 – 8,50), kecerdasan emosional manajemen lapangan (OR 7,43, 95% CI 3,97 – 13,89), kebijakan, poses dan prosedur (OR 6,94, 95% CI 3,91 – 12,33), penekanan hirarki atasan bawahan (OR 1,88, 95% CI 1,07 – 3,29). Selain itu, faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan profil psychological safety yang terungkap berdasarkan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara semi terstruktur yaitu proses investigasi.
Low psychological safety has contributed to major accidents occurred in oil and gas industry. PT. X is an oil and gas industry in Indonesia which referred to the result of Health & Safety Engagement Survey and analysis of occupational injuries showed that psychological safety profile of offshore oil and gas production facility’s workers in PT. X need to be improved. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the psychological safety profile and associated factors of the psychological safety profile in order to provide effetive recommendations to improve psychological safety profile of offshore oil and gas production facility’s workers in PT. X. This research was conducted during March – June 2024 at 4 (four) locations using mixed methods, which were quantitative method with cross-sectional design and qualitative method with case study design. Samples for the quantitative research were 255 respondent and samples for the qualitative method were 8 (eight) informants. The result showed that most of the respondents (65,5%) have low psychological safety profile which means that most of respondents are afraid to do HSE related matters. Then, used chi square test found that associated factors of the psychological safety profile of offshore oil and gas production facility’s workers in PT. X are safety competence (OR 3,37, 95% CI 1,96 – 5,78), trust (OR 5,35, 95% CI 3,06 – 9,36), co-worker’s pressure (OR 5,27, 95% CI 3,00 – 9,26), interpersonal relationship (OR 6,05, 95% CI 3,40 – 10,75), work pressure (OR 4,88, 95% CI 2,80 – 8,50), emotional intelligence of field management (OR 7,43, 95% CI 3,97 – 13,89), policy, process and procedure (OR 6,94, 95% CI 3,91 – 12,33), superior-subordinate hierarchy emphasizing (OR 1,88, 95% CI 1,07 – 3,29). In addition, another associated factor of the psychological safety profile revealed based on the qualitative method by semi-structured interview is investigation process.
T-7099
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fikie Eliantho; Pembimbing: F.A. Gunawan; Penguji: Ridwan Zahdi Sjaaf, Heny Triasbudi
Abstrak:
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku aman awak kapal tunda PT. X yang beroperasi di anjungan lepas pantai area Balikpapan tahun 2004, dan merupakan studi yang bersifat kualitatif dengan variabel data bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif, yang kemudian dikuantitatifkan dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua awak kapal tunda PT. X yang beroperasi di anjungan lepas pantai area Balikpapan dengan jumlah keseluruhan responden sebanyak 86 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik yaitu analisis univariat, dilanjutkan dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji signifikasi (chi-square), kemudian analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas awak kapal tunda (73 orangl 84.9%) mempunyai perilaku aman yang baik dalam menunjang keselamatan operasi harian. Berdasarkan uji signifikasi (chi-square) dan uji regresi logistik yang dilakukan terhadap dua belas variabel independen, diketahui bahwa faktor yang berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan perilaku aman awak kapal tunda PT. X adalah faktor masa kerja yang merupakan faktor internal. Masa kerja terbukti mempengaruhi perilaku aman awak kapal tunda PT. X sehingga untuk meningkatkan perilaku aman awak kapal tunda diperlukan adanya sistem pertukaran informasi/ pengalaman antara awak kapal senior atau awak kapal yang mempunyai masa kerjal pengalaman lebih lama kepada awak kapal baru (seperti pertemuan pagi harian, ramah tamah antara awak kapal yang libur dan personil darat bulanan/ perdua bulan, dan lain sebagainya sesuai kondisi operasional perusahaan), dan perlunya divisi HSE perusahaan bersama dengan personil darat lainnya untuk lebih aktif menginformasikan/ mengimplementasikan manual HSE sehingga timbul kesadaran awak kapal akan keutamaan keselamatan diatas kegiatan operasional atau kegiatan lainnya, karena hal ini juga didukung oleh pihak penyewa. Selain hal diatas perlu juga ditingkatkan dan digiatkan kegiatan pelatihan baik internal maupun eksternal dengan fasilitator perusahaan, dikarenakan keterbatasan penghasilan awak kapal, dan tanggungjawab perusahaan akan keselamatan dan peningkatan kemampuan/ pengetahuan awak kapal. Untuk peningkatan program pendidikan budaya keselamatan lainnya, bisa dilaksanakan propaganda melalui pamflet/ poster keselamatan, pencontohan penggunaan APD yang baik oleh personil darat, serta sosialisasi resikoresiko kecelakaan di kapal tunda yang mungkin terjadi. Peneliti berharap penelitian ini dapat memberikan rekomendasi dan masukan kepada PT. X untuk pembuatan program guna mengurangi angka kecelakaan pada umumnya, dan khususnya untuk meningkatkan sadar keselamatan melalui program sadar keselamatan yang akan dirancang.
This research is going to find factors influence safety attitude of crew tugboats PT. X that. operated on offshore platform Balikpapan area 2004, and constitute of qualitative study with qualitative and quantitative data variable, then made it quantitative with cross-sectional approach. Population in this research are all of the crew tugboats PT. X that operated on offshore Balikpapan with quantity of responden. 86 person. Data analysis using statistic analysis i.e univariate analysis, follow up by bivariate analysis with chi square test, then multivariate analysis using logistic regression test. Result of research show that majority of crew tugboats (73 person/ 84.9%) having good safety attitude for supporting daily safety operation. Basis chi square test and logistic regression test had done to twelve independence variables, result that related factor significant influence safety attitude of crew tugboats PT. X is working period, it's one of research internal factors. Working period proven tobe influence safety attitude of crew tugboats PT. X, and to improve safety attitude of crew tugboats need proper system information exchange/ experiences between senior crews or crews having morel longer experiences to junior crews (like daily morning meeting, monthly or bi-monthly conversable between off duty crews and onshore personnel, and etc asper company's operational condition), and HSE division with others onshore personnel need more active to inform/ implement HSE manual, enable develop safety awareness crew tugboats with safety priority upon operational activity or other activities, since this is also supported by the chatterer. Besides the above mentioned, need to improve and more active in training activities (internal or external) which facilitated by company, since limitedness of crews income, and company responsibility with safety and crew skill/ knowledge development. Other improvement safety culture program could be done by propaganda using safety pamphlet/ poster, proper utilizing PPE training by onshore personnel as sample, and also socialization with accident risks onboard that might be happened. Researcher hopefully this research could give proper recommendation and input to PT. X for developing one program aim to minimize incident rate (common purpose), and to improve safety awareness through safety awareness program that will be developed by the company (specific purpose).
T-1902
Depok : FKM-UI, 2004
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Agni Syah Sutoyo Putro; Pembimbing: Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Ridwan Z. Syaaf, Bimo Prasetyo, Subkhan
Abstrak:
Pekerja proyek konstruksi PT. X memiliki bahaya dan risiko kerja yang relatif tinggi, terutama saat bekerja dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19. Karena proyek konstruksi harus berjalan, para pekerja memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terpapar COVID-19. Ketika beberapa pekerja secara langsung atau tidak langsung terpapar COVID-19, pekerjaannya diambil alih oleh rekan kerja. Hal ini mengakibatkan kelelahan bagi pekerja konstruksi. Kelelahan kerja merupakan salah satu penyebab kecelakaan kerja karena kelelahan mengurangi fokus, kemampuan mengambil keputusan, kekuatan otot, keterampilan komunikasi, produktivitas, kewaspadaan, kinerja fisik dan psikologis dan motivasi kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kelelahan pekerja PT. X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Sampel diambil dari total populasi pekerja pengecoran pada proyek konstruksi sebanyak 100 pekerja dengan menggunakan kuesioner *Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Questionnaire* serta Analisis data dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi Pearson dengan nilai signifikan p<0,05, variabel yang berhubungan dengan variabel kelelahan adalah usia (p=0,048), waktu tidur (p=0,040), penyakit penyerta (p=0,004) dan pandemi COVID-19 (p=0,001).
X construction project workers have relatively high work hazards and risks, particularly while working under the COVID-19 pandemic situation. As construction projects must go on, the workers likely have a higher risk of the COVID-19 exposure. When some workers directly or indirectly are exposed to the COVID-19, their jobs are taken over by co-workers. This case results in fatigue for construction workers. Work fatigue is one of the causes of occupational accidents as the fatigue reduces their focus, decision-making abilities, muscle strength, communication skills, productivity, alertness, physical and psychological performance and work motivation. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fatigue in PT. X workers. This study applied an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional study design. Samples were taken from the total population of foundry workers in construction projects as many as 100 workers. *Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Questionnaire*. Data analysis with a quantitative approach used univariate and bivariate analysis. Based on the results of the Pearson correlation analysis with a significant level of p < 0.05, variables that had a relationship with fatigue variable were age (p = 0.048), sleep time (p = 0.040), comorbid (p=0.004) and the COVID-19 pandemic (p=0.001)
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X construction project workers have relatively high work hazards and risks, particularly while working under the COVID-19 pandemic situation. As construction projects must go on, the workers likely have a higher risk of the COVID-19 exposure. When some workers directly or indirectly are exposed to the COVID-19, their jobs are taken over by co-workers. This case results in fatigue for construction workers. Work fatigue is one of the causes of occupational accidents as the fatigue reduces their focus, decision-making abilities, muscle strength, communication skills, productivity, alertness, physical and psychological performance and work motivation. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fatigue in PT. X workers. This study applied an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional study design. Samples were taken from the total population of foundry workers in construction projects as many as 100 workers. *Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Questionnaire*. Data analysis with a quantitative approach used univariate and bivariate analysis. Based on the results of the Pearson correlation analysis with a significant level of p < 0.05, variables that had a relationship with fatigue variable were age (p = 0.048), sleep time (p = 0.040), comorbid (p=0.004) and the COVID-19 pandemic (p=0.001)
T-6450
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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