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Determining the focus area for malaria elimination is an effort to stop malaria transmission in a specific geographical area. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for malaria transmission in Ternate City, which has been declared a focus area for malaria elimination. The study was a case control, taking all findings of malaria cases from 2020-2022. The study's total sample was 46 cases based on the results of laboratory tests and 92 controls from a survey of patient contacts and laboratory-proven malaria negative. The results showed that most of the cases were import cases (95.7%), male (93.5%), aged <30 years (47.8%), workers (87%), and high school education background (80.4%). Based on risk factors, more cases were found in respondents with a breeding place distance of ≤1.5 km (69.6%), had a habit of being outside the home (67.4%), had a history of traveling to malaria-endemic areas (95.7%), and not use insecticides (56.5%). The risk factors for malaria were male (40.11; 7.11 ? 62.40), history of travel to endemic areas (OR= 13.97; 2.24 ? 27.18), and distance ≤1.5 km from breeding places (OR= 3.48; 1.29 ? 9.38 ). The behavior outside the home played a protective role against malaria (OR = 0.16; 0.04 ? 0.64). There is a need for a thorough evaluation regarding the persistence of malaria local transmission in the study location. Improving the quality of the malaria surveillance system is very important so that it can present complete data according to a standard form and become a consideration for policymaking.
Malaria is still one of the leading public-health problems that can cause death primarily in high-risk groups, namely, infants, toddlers, and expectant mothers. In addition, malaria directly causes anemia and can lower labor productivity. In 2010, in Indonesia, 65% of endemic districts were at risk of contracting malaria. By 2020 there are 515 cases of malaria in Batu Bara, and by 2021 rising to 952. The purpose of this study is to know the risk factors in the incidence of malaria in the Batu Bara. It uses a case-control design. The responders are 12 years of age and above where the cases are those who visit the health center with fever symptoms and positive malaria and controls are those with symptoms of a fever with a malaria negative. From multivariat analysis involving all risk factors simultaneously, there is a significant variable affecting the incidence of malaria that is both the age and the existence of a cattle cage. According to the age category, it shows 12-17 year old respondents with the highest risk of contracting malaria (AOR = 3.85; 1.40-10.59) by those ages 18-40 (AOR= 1.79; 070-4.58). Those who claim that there is a corral in the neighborhood, having a three times greater risk of contracting malaria than those who not.
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium through an infected female Anopheles mosquito. This study is conducted due to the high malaria incidence in Kab. Belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which presents itself as a public health threat. Study aims include analyzing and measuring the magnitude of the risk factors associated with malaria incidence. This study utilized a cross-sectional study design, and is part of a larger surveillance study by Sutanto et al in 2013, which conducts large-scale mass screening and selective treatment in Belu Regency, NTT, Indonesia. The number of samples included in the study were 1113 subjects, with statistical analysis using cox regression models with 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval. The results of multivariate analysis suggested that the the risk factors associated with the malaria incidence were (1) age PR 4.901 95% CI (3.093-7.766) p value 0.000, (2) occupation PR 3.838 95% CI (2.536-5.808) p value 0.000, (3) malaria drug use PR 0.448 95% CI (0.239-0.839) p value 0.012, and (4) village location. Therefore, malaria incidence in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia, were heavily influenced by age, occupation, consumption of antimalarial drugs, and strategic village position for malaria vector breeding grounds
Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia termasuk Indonesia karena mengakibatkan dampak yang luas dan berpeluang menjadi penyakit emerging dan re-emerging. Di Wilayah South East Asian Region (SEARO) yang Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara anggotanya, malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Data Kasus Baru malaria tahun 2009/2010 di seluruh Indonesia berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010 adalah 22,9 per mil, sedangkan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara (61,7?).
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran karakteristik individu, faktor lingkungan dan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria klinis di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara 2010. Penelitian dengan studi kuantitatif melibatkan 2272 subyek penelitian yang diperoleh data dari Riskesdas 2010, dengan jumlah kejadian malaria klinis sebanyak 408 subyek. Dari 20 variabel yang dianalisis multivariat di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara didapatkan ada 6 variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan yaitu : pendidikan : OR = 2,04 (95% CI : 1,59 ? 2,62) dengan p value = 0,000, rawa-rawa : OR = 1,57 (95% CI : 1,10 ? 2,25), dengan p value = 0,014, pantai : OR= 0,49 (95% CI : 0,31 ? 078) dengan p value = 0,003, perkebunan : OR = 1,58 (95% CI : 1,25 ? 2,00) dengan p value = 0,000, tidur menggunakan kelambu : OR = 0,59 (95% CI : 0,41 ? 0,85) dengan p value = 0,005 dan memakai obat nyamuk bakar/elektrik : OR = 0,59 (95% CI : 0,45 - 0,78) dengan p value = 0,000.
Analisis juga dilakukan pada 8 Kabupaten dan 4 Kota di provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan hasilnya ada 4 Kabupaten dan 2 Kota yang sebagian variabel mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian malaria klinis yaitu : Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Kabupaten Minahasa, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Kota Manado, Kota Tomohon dan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.
Disarankan kepada masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar rawa-rawa, pantai dan perkebunan hendaknya selalu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan serta memakai obat nyamuk bakar/elektrik. Untuk Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara pelaksanakan program "Gebrak Malaria" hendaknya lebih diintensifkan dan melibatkan seluruh lapisan masyarat. Untuk peneliti lain supaya dapat melakukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam tentang Malaria atau Malaria Klinis di daerah endemis malaria di Provinsi lain dengan menggunakan data hasil Riskesdas 2010 atau data terbaru di wilayah tersebut.
Malaria is a global health problem, including Indonesia, because it resulted in a broad impact and may appear and re-emerging diseases. Regional Southeast Asia Region (SEARO) and Indonesia became one of its member countries, malaria is a major public health problem. The new malaria cases in 2009/2010 Data for Health Research in Indonesia based on the Basic (Riskesdas) 2010 is 22.9 per mile, whereas in the Province of North Sulawesi (61.7 ?).
This study uses cross sectional design which aims to obtain a picture of individual characteristics, environmental factors and behaviors associated with the incidence of clinical malaria in North Sulawesi province in 2010. Research with quantitative studies involving 2272 subjects who obtained the data from Riskesdas 2010, with the incidence of clinical malaria as much as 408 subjects. Of the 20 variables in the multivariate analysis of the North Sulawesi province to find there are six significant variables related to: Education: OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.59 to 2.62) with p-value = 0.000, bog: OR = 1, 57 (95% CI: 1.10 to 2.25), with a p-value = 0.014, coast: OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31 to 078) with a p-value = 0.003, plantations: OR = 1 , 58 (95% CI: 1.25 to 2.00) with p-value = 0.000, using mosquito nets to sleep: OR = (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.85) 0.59 with a p-value = 0.005 and use mosquito repellent/electric: OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.45 to 0.78) with p-value = 0.000.
The analysis was also conducted in eight counties and four cities in the province of North Sulawesi and the results there are four counties and two cities that some variables have a significant relationship with the incidence of clinical malaria namely: Talaud Islands, Minahasa, Sangihe Regency, Manado, Minahasa regency Tomohon and north.
It is recommended for people who live in the vicinity, the coast marshes and plantations should always keep the environment clean and using mosquito repellent / electric. For the North Sulawesi Provincial Health Office, the implementation of "Gebrak Malaria" program should be improved and involve all layers masyarat. For other researchers to conduct more in-depth research on Malaria, Clinical malaria or malaria in endemic areas in other provinces using data from Riskesdas 2010 or latest data in the region.