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Kata kunci : Kanker kolorektal, Matched case control, Faktor risiko
Colectal cancer disease is colon cancer and rectum until now is a health problem in the word, including in Indonesia yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factor and dominant factor of colorectal cancer. The design of study used was matched case control with age matching using the medical record data, the data of case were colorectal cancer patients and control were trauma and fracture patients. The calculate sample is 122 people were 61 pairs of cases and controls. The result of bivariate analysis of mc nemar chi square showed related risk factor was red meat diet with OR=27 (95% CI 4,45-1105,4), high fat intake with OR=2,2 (95% CI 0,967-5,542), and low fiber intake with OR=44 (95% CI 7,49- 1776,9). Multivariate analysis of conditional logistic regression showed the most important factor was low fiber intake with OR=26,8 (95% CI 3,448-209,5). The unrelated risk factors are gender, education level, family history, family income, physical activity, obesity, smoking and alcohol. It is necessary to prevent the prevention of colorectal cancer by increasing fiber intake, reducing fat intake and concumption pattern of read meat.
Keywords : Colorectal cancer, Matched case control, Risk factor
The number of new HIV infections in Indonesia is still high, reaching 46,000 and number of deaths caused by HIV is 38,000 in 2018. Hepatitis C coinfection in HIV patients is high, ranging from 2-15%. This study aims to examine the effect of hepatitis C coinfection on survival of HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Tebet Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) in 2015-2020. This research used retrospectif cohort design with survival analysis and used total sampling as much as 284 HIV patients. Data were analyzed univariately to see the frequency distribution of each variable studied. Bivariate analysis was performed to see the relationship of each independent variable with the survival of HIV. Multivariate analysis was performed to obtain robust and parsimonius models with Cox Regression. The results of research found cumulatif survival of HIV patients in RSUD Tebet were 85,4 %. The Effect of Hepatitis C Coinfection on Survival HIV Patients Who Receive Antiretroviral Therapy in RSUD Tebet from 2015 until 2020 had HR 1,94 (95% CI 0,81-4,6) after adjusted with body mass index and working status. There were no corelation from Hepatitis C Coinfection on Survival HIV Patients Who Receive Antiretroviral Therapy in RSUD Tebet from 2015 until 2020.
Latar belakang: Tenaga kesehatan berpotensi untuk terkena Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Virus HepatitIs C, dan Virus Hepatitis B yang penularannya lewat darah. Tertusuk jarum suntik dapat membahayakan tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Tujuan: Diketahuinya riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya kejadian Hepatitis B atau C pada tenaga kesehatan di RS Dr.Kariadi Semarang Tahun 2008. Metode: Desain cross sectional dengan melakukan wawancara dan pengambilan darah pada 225 kelompok terpapar (kelompok riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali) dan 225 kelompok riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali). Analisis data univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan interaksi dan confounding. Hasil dan diskusi: Riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali berisiko 48,99 kali untuk mengalami Hepatitis B atau C dibandingkan dengan riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali dengan POR sebesar 48,99 95%CI (9,494-252,85) P value 0,000 dan terdapat satu variabel confounding yaitu frekuensi menyuntik yang dapat mendistorsi efek riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik dengan kejadian Hepatitis B atau C. Kesimpulan dan saran: Tenaga kesehatan yang riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali dalam 6 bulan memperbesar risiko mengalami kejadian Hepatitis B atau C bila dibandingkan dengan tenaga kesehatan yang riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali dalam 6 bulan, setelah dikendalikan oleh Riwayat Medis, Paparan Pekerjaan Modis, Unit kerja, Lama Kerja, Jenis Kelamin, Frekuensi Menyuntik, dan Kewaspadaan Universal di RS Dr. Katiadi Tabun 2008. Di anjurkan supaya tenaga kesehatan di RS Dr. Kariadi tidak sampai tertusuk lebih dari satu kali agar tidak terkena Hepatitis B atau C dengan cara meningkatkan praktek pencegahan infeksi, melakukan general check up dimana pemeriksaan Hepatitis B atau C termasuk didalamnya dan dilakukan setahun sekali, bagi tenaga kesehatan yang tertusuk jarum suntik lebih dan sekali sebaiknya segera memeriksakan diri secepatnya untuk mengetahui lebih dini apakah mengalami Hepatitis B atau C, dan sebaiknya tenaga kesehatan dalam sebulan menyuntik tidak lebih dari 8 kali agar tidak mengalami hepetitis B atau C.
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are potentially at risk for human immunodefiCiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HeV) infection through occupational exposures to blood and bloody body fluids. Needle stick injuries put healthcare workers at risk of life-threatening infections such as Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B. Aims: A study was designed to determine the risk of needle stick injuries of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among health care workers in Dr. Kariadi Hospital 2008. Method: Designed cross sectional by interview and blood examination on 225 exposed group (had needle stick injuries more than once in. 6 month ago) and on 225 unexposed group (had needle stick injuries less than twice in 6 month ago). Analysis of data univariate, bivariate and multivariate with interaction and confounding. Results: Needle stick injuries more than once related to Hepatitis B or C with POR 48,99 95%CI (9,494-252,85) P value 0,000 and frequencies of suturing is a confounder. Conclusion: Needle stick injuries more than once related to Hepatitis B or C after controlled by medical history, duration of working, exposure on medical occupation, workplace, sex, universal precautions. and frequencies of suturing. Suggested to health care workers in Dr. Kariadi Hospital do not get needle stick injuries more than once in order to prevent Hepatitis B or C by increasing universal precautions, do general check up including Hepatitis B and C, health care workers who had needle stick injuries more than once are supposed to immediately check up for early diagnostic Hepatitis B or C, and suggested to saturing not more than eight times in a month.
Based on the WHO report 2013, extra-pulmonary TB cases in Indonesia have increased from 14.054 in 2012 to 15.697 in 2013. One of hospitals which get an increase of extra-pulmonary TB cases is National Center General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, so, this study ultimately aims to identify risk factors that associated with extra-pulmonary TB to TB hospitalized patients in National Center General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta 2011-2013.
