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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women in Indonesia. The global epidemic of obesity contributes to the increase of cardiovascular events. In Indonesia, there have not been many studies evaluate the association between abdominal obesity and CHD in women. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between abdominal obesity and CHD in women aged 25-65 years in Bogor. This retrospective cohort study involves 2.451 respondents of FRPTM Cohort Study who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with an observation period of 6 years. The main independent variable of this study was abdominal obesity based on Waist-to-Height-Ratio (WHtR), while outcome of the interest was CHD based on the results of interview and/or ECG results. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimated Hazard Ratio (HR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). The results showed that the incidence rate of CHD in women was 19 per 1.000 person-years. Women with abdominal obesity were 1,38 times (95% CI 1,01-1,89) more likely to have CHD than those without abdominal obesity after adjustment for age, hypertension, and menopause status. Early detection of CHD risk factor, especially abdominal obesity, is important, so that prevention and lifestyle modification can be implemented immediately.
Background: Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. Risk faktors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. According to Riskesdas data in 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 0.5%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 1.5%. Then there is an increase in respondents who suffer from coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque consists of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or completely block blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease Methods: This analysis uses univariate analysis to determine the proportion of research variables, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stratification analysis to determine the presence of confounding and modification effects. Multivariate analysis to determine the final model. This study used a cross sectional design. Results: found coronary heart disease variables 1.44%, hypertension and obesity 9.77%, hypertension and not obesity 9.64%, not hypertension and obesity 22.04%, not hypertension and not obesity 58.55%. And the relationship of hypertension and obesity to coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables. Conclusion: The relationship of the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables
Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia yang akan terus meningkat dan menjadi pandemi tanpa memandang batas negara. Setiap tahun di dunia sebanyak 3.8 juta laki-laki dan 3.4 jiwa wanita meninggal karena penyakit jantung koroner. Perubahan daya hidup, peningkatan usia harapan hidup dan urbanisasi mendorong timbulnya abnormalitas metabolisme seperti obesitas, dislipidemia, resistensi insulin dan hipertensi. Kumpulan abnormalitas metablik ini disebut dengan sindroma metabolik pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan kemungkinan menderita penyakit jantung koroner tiga kali lipat Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuinya hubungan sindroma metabolik dengan penyakit jantung koroner di RS. DR. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2008 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan minum alkohol dan aktivitas fisik. Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita baru penyakit jantung koroner berdasarkan pemeriksaan EKG oleh dokter, penyakit tersebut baru terdiagnosis pada Bulan Januari sampai Mei 2008. Kontrol adalah semua pengunjung ang dinyatakan sebagai bukan penderita penyakit jantung koroner, pada Bulan Januari sampai Mei 2008 berdasarkan pemeriksaan EKG oleh dokter. Sindroma Metabolik menurut AHA/NHLBI 2005 ditegakkan diagnosis bila terdapat empat kriteria dibawah ini: tekanan darah > 130/85 mmHg, kadar trigliserida darah >150mg/dl, kolesterol HDL pada laki-laki < 40 mg/dl dan wanita < 50 mg/dl dan kadar gula darah puasa > 100mg/dl Telah dilakukan panelitian terhadap 300 orang responden terdiri dari 150 pada kelompok kasus dan 150 pada kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) berisiko 4,67 kali lebih besar pada orang yang mengalami sindroma metabolik dibandingkan dengan orang yang tidak mengalami sindroma metabolik setelah dikontrol dengan variabel jenis kelamin (95% CI:1,20-18,06). Pada hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara sindroma metabolik dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner di RS. DR. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2008.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death globally with a mortality rate of nearly 17.5 million annually. Smoking accounts for 33% and hypertension accounts for 31% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. Smoking and hypertension are major risk factors for CHD, which are a serious problem that needs to be addressed in Indonesia and the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the greater risk of smoking and hypertension with the incidence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia. The study used a retrospective cohort design. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-4 and IFLS-5 data for 2007-2014) with a total sample of 19,486 population respondents aged ≥18 years. Data analysis with cox regression and the amount of risk is expressed in risk ratio (RR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Data analysis using data processing software. The results of multivariate analysis after being controlled by sex and DM history showed that smoking individually was not related to CHD in Indonesia in 2007-2014 with a value (RR 1.08; 95% CI = 0.70- 1.67). Hypertension individually increases CHD risk (RR 1.19; 95% CI = 0.92-1.53). Smoking and hypertension together increase the risk of CHD compared to people who don't smoke and don't have hypertension in Indonesia in 2007-2014 (RR 1.66; 95% CI = 1.11-2.48) meaning that respondents who smoke and hypertension are at risk of experiencing CHD 1.66 times (95% CI; 1.11-2.48) compared to nonsmokers and those without hypertension.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in the cardiovascular group. Obesity could increase a person's risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 DM and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes with obesity increases the risk of CHD events based on Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS). This study was used a retrospective cohort study design using secondary data on NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study in 2011-2018. The sample was 493 obese adult respondents in population of NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study whom met this study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of multivariate analysis using cox regression after being controlled by age and duration of obesity found that prediabetes had HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.462- 1.387), p = 0.429 which means the relationship between prediabetes with CHD events in obese adult respondents was not statistically significant.