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Diarrhea is an communicable disease and ranks the second cause of death for children under-five in the world. In Indonesia, especially West Java, which is an endemic area for diarrhea, Bogor is one of the districts with a fairly high prevalence of diarrhea in children under-five. Purwasari Community Health Center is a health center with the highest cases of diarrhea in children under-five in Bogor Regency. This study aims to analyze the risk factors (characteristics of children under-five, characteristics of mothers, and sanitation facilities) for the incidence of diarrhea in children under-five in the Purwasari Public Health Center, Bogor Regency in 2022. This study used a case-control research design with a sample of 53 cases and 53 controls. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression predictive model. The results showed that there was a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (0,28; 0,11-0,67), measles immunization (0,18; 0,08-0,42), knowledge (0,16; 0,07-0,38), toddler stool disposal behavior (0,18; 0,07-0,46), and latrine facilities (0,32; 0,14-0,72) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under-five. The variable that is predicted to have the most influence on the occurrence of diarrhea under five in the working area of the Purwasari Health Center is the knowledge variable (9,76; 2,78 - 34,21).
Kata kunci: Diare, balita
The highest incidence of diarrhea in Bogor occurred at Tanah Sarealdistrict where the condition of basic sanitation associated with high risk drinkingwater in Kelurahan Sukadamai and Kelurahan Mekarwangi which belong toPuskesmas Mekarwangi region. This study aims to analyze risks that affectedunderfive years children diarrhea in region of Puskesmas Mekarwangi, Bogor2014. This study used case control design with 120 controls and 120 cases. Theinformation collected by interviews, observation and laboratorium analyze ofdrinking water sample. Result that risk factors that affected diarrhea areEscherichia coli in drinking water (OR=2,61; 95% CI= 1,32-6,76), handwashingbehavior (OR=2,05; 95% CI= 1,18-3,57), hygiene sanitation of food and drink(OR=2,53; 95% CI= 1,46-4,39) and also knowledge of mother about diarrhea(OR=1,83; 95% CI= 1,01-3,31). It should be held an interventions direct orindirectly toward the residents, by printed media,e.g. poster, pamphlet, bulletin,xbanner etc.
Keyword: Diarrhea, underfive years children
Kata kunci : Diare pada balita, Faktor-faktor penyebab diare
Diarrhea is one cause of death in infants (31,4%) and children under the age of five years (25,2%). Approximately 162.000 children under the age of five death every year or 460 every day (Depkes) in Bogor incident rate of diarrhea increase every year from 2011-2013. in 2011 there are 21.687 case, in 2012 there are 22.625 case and in 2013 there are 24.187 case. this research have a purpose to determine risk factors associated with diarrhea incident in children under the age of five on working area Puskesmas north Bogor. this study use case control method with number of sample 46 people case and 46 control. Method of data collection by interview and observation. the results showed influence of risk factors with diarrhea incident. the risk factors have influence are Handwashing behaviour OR: 4,28(95% CI 1,587-11,575), Waste handling OR: 3,87 (95% CI 1,632-9,203), Source of clean water OR: 3,16 (95% CI 1,244-8,039), Availabilty of latrines OR: 4,52 (95% CI 1,845-11,081), Food hygiene and sanitation OR: 2,92 (95% CI 1,249-6,809), and Knowledge of parents OR: 2,66 (CI 95% 1,146- 6,198). Diarrhea prevention efforts by improving enviroment sanitation and providing education programs to increase public knowledge.
Key Words : Diarrhea in children under the age of five, Risk factors cause diarrhea
Kata Kunci : Pneumonia, Balita, Faktor Risiko
Pneumonia has become one of the highest mortality contributors in the world and And West Java province ranks the first as the largest number of pneumonia that suffered children under five years. Puskesmas Bogor Utara(health center) is one of the areas that have quite a lot cases of pneumonia in children under five in 2016. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the In The Working Area Of Puskesmas Bogor Utara (Community Health Center). This study uses a case control study design with retrospect approach. The population in this study are all of children aged 12 month until 59 months who lived in the working area of Bogor Utara health center with using 94 respondents consisted of 47 cases and 47 people control.The results of this study indicate that there was a significant correlation between history of low birth weight (OR = 5,51; CI=1,96-15,48 ); nutritional status before illness (OR=5,06; CI=2,10-12,20), immunization history (OR= 4,24; 1,50-11,98), knowledge of mothers (OR=4,76; CI=1,58-14,32), a variable degree of Economics/family income (OR=9,44 ; CI= 3,57-24,93), housing crowdedness (OR=18,97; CI=5,80-62,03) and humidity levels (OR=5,02; CI=1,31-19,21) with the incidence of pneumonia among children under five in the region of Bogor Utara health center. The variable that predicted the most dominant cause of pneumonia is the housing crowdedness (OR=12,90; CI=3,26-50,98).Suggestion, minimum bedroom space is 8m2 and should not be used for more than two people, except children under 5 years old.
Key Words: Pneumonia, Children under five years old, Risk Factors
Depok is one of the cities that has the highest diarrhea cases, where is the districts with the most diarrhea cases is Tapos District with 1,274 cases. Some risk factors for diarrheal disease are consuming water contaminated with feces, maternal hygiene behavior, and poor household sanitation. Fecal contamination in drinking water can be seen from the amount of Escherichia coli bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Escherichia coli in drinking water, maternal hygiene behavior, and household sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Tapos District. The study was a cross sectional with a total of 100 respondents divided into 7 villages (Tapos, Cilangkap, Cimpaeun, Sukamaju Baru, Jatijajar, Sukatani, and Leuwinanggung). Household drinking water samples were tested by the MPN (Most Probable Number) method at the Laboratory of Public Health Faculty University of Indonesia. While data on maternal hygiene behavior and household sanitation were obtained by interview and direct observation to the respondent's house. The results showed that 29% of children under five experienced diarrhea and 93% of drinking water did not meet the requirements. Statistical test results found that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge about diarrhea (p = 0,045; OR = 3 CI: 1,13-7,95) and hand washing habits (p = 0,017; OR = 3,7 CI: 1,36-10,18) with the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Tapos District. While there was no relationship between maternal knowledge about hygiene, the habit of nail clip, the habit of closing food, and the habit of cooking and storing drinking water with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Tapos District.
Pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is transmitted from one person to another through droplets that are transmitted through the air. The high number of TB cases can be caused by various factors, one of which is environmental factors. This study aims to determine the relationship between population density, healthy housing coverage, and climate factors (air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) to the proportion smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in Surabaya city in 2015-2019. This study uses secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Surabaya City Health Office with time trend ecological study methods and spatial analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between population density (p = 0.000; r = 0.308), healthy house coverage (p = 0.000; r = -0.363), and humidity at a 1 year lag time (p = 0.014; r = 0.949) with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB. Meanwhile, the air temperature and rainfall factors showed a non-significant relationship with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB. Based on the spatial analysis map, a clear pattern is found that the high proportion is found in sub-districts that have low coverage of healthy homes, but on the population density factor there is no clear pattern. Therefore, it is recommended to prevent and control pulmonary TB disease, especially in sub-districts that have a high population density and also through efforts to develop optimal healthy homes.
