Persediaan obat yang tidak optimal di rumah sakit dapat berdampak serius terhadap mutu pelayanan kesehatan, efisiensi operasional, dan keselamatan pasien. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah kekosongan obat, termasuk antibiotik, yang dapat menyebabkan penundaan pengobatan, peningkatan risiko resistensi, serta kerugian finansial akibat back order dan kehilangan penjualan. RS Jakarta sebagai rumah sakit swasta tipe C mengalami 98 kejadian obat kosong selama periode Januari 2024 hingga Maret 2025, dengan 16 kejadian di antaranya adalah kekosongan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengendalian persediaan antibiotik di Instalasi Farmasi RS Jakarta menggunakan metode kombinasi ABC-VEN, serta menghitung kebutuhan safety stock dan reorder point (ROP).  Penelitian ini menggunakan desain operational research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data sekunder selama April 2024 hingga Maret 2025, dan data primer berupa hasil kuesioner VEN. Antibiotik dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi kategori reguler dan mata sesuai dengan sediaan. Analisis dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap: analisis ABC nilai investasi, analisis VEN, dan kombinasi analisis ABC-VEN. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan safety stock dan ROP untuk setiap item antibiotik. Evaluasi kinerja dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai persediaan dan ITOR sebelum dan setelah simulasi perhitungan. Simulasi menunjukkan penurunan nilai persediaan hingga berkisar 28 juta rupiah hingga 62 juta rupiah per bulan, atau sekitar 27%-59% dari persediaan aktual. Selain itu hasil simulasi menunjukan peningkatan nilai ITOR berkisar antara 0,68 hingga 2,66. Maka dapat disimpulkan, metode kombinasi ABC-VEN yang dikombinasikan dengan perhitungan safety stock dan ROP terbukti efektif dalam mengoptimalkan perencanaan persediaan antibiotik di RS Jakarta. 

Inefficient drug inventory management in hospitals can have serious implications for service quality, operational efficiency, and patient safety. A frequent issue is stock-outs, particularly of antibiotics, which may lead to delays in treatment, heightened risk of antimicrobial resistance, and financial losses due to back orders and missed sales opportunities. RS Jakarta, a private Type C hospital, recorded 98 stock-out events between January 2024 and March 2025, 16 of which involved antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the management of antibiotic inventory at the Pharmacy Department of RS Jakarta by applying the combined ABC-VEN classification method, alongside calculations of safety stock and reorder points (ROP). The study adopts an operational research design with a descriptive quantitative approach. Data sources include secondary data collected from April 2024 to March 2025 and primary data obtained through a VEN classification questionnaire. Antibiotics were categorized into regular and ophthalmic groups based on their dosage forms. The analysis consisted of several steps: ABC analysis based on investment value, VEN categorization, and the integration of both into a combined ABC-VEN matrix. Subsequently, safety stock and ROP were calculated for each antibiotic item. Output  was evaluated by comparing inventory value and the Inventory Turnover Ratio before and after simulation. The simulation results indicated a monthly reduction in inventory value ranging from approximately IDR 28 million to IDR 62 million, representing a 27%–59% decrease compared to the actual inventory. Furthermore, the ITOR values increased by a range of 0.68 to 2.66. These findings suggest that the integration of the ABC-VEN method with safety stock and ROP calculations is an effective strategy for optimizing antibiotic inventory planning at RS Jakarta.

Latar belakang: Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan hak dasar masyarakat yang wajib diselenggarakan secara efektif dan efisien oleh rumah sakit, termasuk dalam hal pengelolaan persediaan farmasi. Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais sebagai Rumah Sakit Pusat Kanker Nasional memiliki tantangan dalam menjaga ketersediaan obat kanker yang bernilai tinggi dan berisiko kritis. Berdasarkan data capaian indikator Rasio Beban Persediaan Farmasi terhadap Pendapatan Operasional pada periode September–Desember 2024, diketahui bahwa nilai rasio tersebut tidak mencapai target yang ditetapkan Kementerian Kesehatan. Hal ini mengindikasikan perlunya evaluasi terhadap sistem pengendalian persediaan farmasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas analisis ABC-VEN dalam pengendalian persediaan farmasi di RSK Dharmais. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain operational research dengan pendekatan campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam kepada informan kunci serta data sekunder dari SIMRS dan laporan rumah sakit tahun 2024. Analisis dilakukan terhadap seluruh item obat yang termasuk dalam formularium rumah sakit. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengelompokan ABC, kelompok A berdasarkan jumlah pemakaian terdiri dari 79 item (6,11%) yang menyumbang 69,93% nilai penggunaan, dan berdasarkan nilai investasi terdiri dari 107 item (8,27%) dengan kontribusi 69,97% dari total investasi. Kelompok obat esensial mendominasi dengan proporsi 79,60% (1.030 item), diikuti oleh kelompok non-esensial 11,90% dan vital 8,50%. Kombinasi analisis ABC-VEN menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar obat prioritas tinggi adalah obat kanker. Simulasi ITOR menunjukkan bahwa tingkat perputaran persediaan dapat ditingkatkan, sehingga manajemen stok menjadi lebih efisien dan adaptif terhadap kebutuhan klinis. Kesimpulan: Analisis ABC-VEN terbukti efektif dalam mengidentifikasi prioritas pengendalian dan optimalisasi pengelolaan obat kanker di RSK Dharmais, serta berkontribusi dalam peningkatan efisiensi logistik farmasi rumah sakit.Background: Healthcare services are a fundamental right of every citizen and must be delivered effectively and efficiently by hospitals, including the management of pharmaceutical inventories. Dharmais Cancer Hospital, as the National Cancer Center Hospital in Indonesia, faces significant challenges in ensuring the availability of high-cost and critically important cancer drugs. Based on the performance indicator of the Pharmaceutical Inventory Cost Ratio to Operational Revenue for the period of September to December 2024, it was found that the ratio consistently failed to meet the targets set by the Ministry of Health. This condition highlights the need for an evaluation of the pharmaceutical inventory control system. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the ABC-VEN analysis in controlling pharmaceutical inventory at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Method: This research employs an operational research design with a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, while secondary data were obtained from the Hospital Information Management System (SIMRS) and institutional reports from the year 2024. The analysis was conducted on all pharmaceutical items listed in the hospital formulary. Results: The results show that in the ABC classification, Class A drugs based on usage volume included 79 items (6.11%) which accounted for 69.93% of total drug usage value, while based on investment value, 107 items (8.27%) represented 69.97% of total inventory value. Essential drugs dominated the VEN classification with 79.60% (1,030 items), followed by non-essential drugs at 11.90% and vital drugs at 8.50%. The ABC-VEN matrix revealed that most high-priority drugs were cancer medications. ITOR simulation results indicated that inventory turnover could be significantly improved, leading to more efficient and responsive stock management aligned with real clinical needs. Conclusion: ABC-VEN analysis proved effective in identifying inventory control priorities and optimizing the management of cancer drugs at Dharmais Cancer Hospital, thereby enhancing pharmaceutical logistics efficiency.

Pengendalian persediaan obat merupakan komponen penting dalam manajemen logistik farmasi rumah sakit karena berpengaruh langsung terhadap kesinambungan pelayanan, keselamatan pasien, serta efisiensi penggunaan anggaran. RSUP Persahabatan sebagai rumah sakit rujukan nasional mengelola jumlah item obat yang besar dengan kebutuhan klinis yang beragam. Dalam pelaksanaannya, Instalasi Farmasi masih menghadapi permasalahan berupa tingginya kejadian kekosongan obat (stock out) dan adanya penumpukan obat (stagnant stock), termasuk pada obat dengan nilai investasi tinggi. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengendalian persediaan yang berjalan belum sepenuhnya efektif dan adaptif terhadap dinamika kebutuhan pelayanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pengendalian persediaan stok farmasi dalam mengurangi kejadian stock out dan stagnant stock di Instalasi Farmasi RSUP Persahabatan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Operational Research. Penelitian menggunakan desain mixed methods dengan pendekatan sequential explanatory. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari seluruh item obat yang tercatat dalam sistem persediaan selama periode Mei–Oktober 2025 sebanyak 2.291 item. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode ABC–VEN untuk menentukan prioritas obat, serta model Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan Reorder Point (ROP) sebagai alat bantu pengambilan keputusan dalam pengendalian persediaan. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal yang memengaruhi pengendalian stok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total 2.291 item obat yang dikelola, terdapat 131 item obat Pareto A dengan nilai investasi bulan Oktober 2025 sebesar Rp6.788.411.815. Pada kelompok Pareto A masih ditemukan 211 item obat stagnant sebesar Rp444.994.656 (6,56%) serta kejadian stock out sebesar 20,4%. Perhitungan EOQ dan ROP menunjukkan adanya variasi antar item obat, sehingga pengendalian persediaan tidak dapat diterapkan secara seragam. Simulasi berbasis what-if analysis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pengendalian persediaan terintegrasi berbasis ABC–VEN, EOQ, dan ROP berpotensi meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian stok, efisiensi anggaran farmasi, serta kesinambungan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit

Drug inventory control is an essential component of hospital pharmaceutical logistics management because it directly affects service continuity, patient safety, and the efficiency of budget utilization. RSUP Persahabatan, as a national referral hospital, manages a large number of drug items with diverse clinical needs. In its implementation, the Pharmacy Installation still faces problems in the form of a high incidence of drug shortages (stock out) and the accumulation of drugs (stagnant stock), including drugs with high investment value. This condition indicates that the existing inventory control system has not been fully effective and adaptive to the dynamics of service needs. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of pharmaceutical inventory control in reducing the incidence of stock out and stagnant stock in the Pharmacy Installation of RSUP Persahabatan using an Operational Research approach. The study employed a mixed methods design with a sequential explanatory approach. Quantitative data were obtained from all drug items recorded in the inventory system during the period of May–October 2025, totaling 2,291 items. The analysis was conducted using the ABC–VEN method to determine drug priorities, as well as the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Reorder Point (ROP) models as decision-support tools in inventory control. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with key informants to identify internal and external factors influencing inventory control. The results show that of the 2,291 drug items managed, 131 items were classified as Pareto A, with an investment value of IDR 6,788,411,815 in October 2025. Within the Pareto A group, 211 stagnant items were identified with a total value of IDR 444,994,656 (6.56%), and stock-out events were observed in 20.4% of the items. The EOQ and ROP calculations revealed considerable variation among drug items, indicating that inventory control cannot be applied uniformly. A scenario-based what-if analysis suggests that the implementation of integrated inventory control using ABC–VEN, EOQ, and ROP has the potential to improve stock control effectiveness, pharmaceutical budget efficiency, and the continuity of healthcare services in the hospital.

Pelayanan farmasi merupakan pelayanan penunjang yang berfungsi dalam pengelolaan obat, bahan medis habis pakai dan alat kesehatan di rumah sakit. Ketersediaan obat merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam pelayanan rumah sakit dan dapat menentukan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. RSUD Kalideres melakukan peminjaman obat kepada beberapa instansi untuk mengatasi kekosongan obat pada tahun 2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan metode Lean dan ABC-VEN dalam meningkatkan pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Lean dalam menganalisis proses pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat untuk mengetahui Current State Stream Map, mengidentifikasi Value Added, Non Value Added dan Waste serta mengimplementasikan Future Stream Map. Metode ABC-VEN digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan obat sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan kebijakan pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat. Hasil penelitian ditemukan waste overprocessing, overproduction dan waiting dalam proses pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat sehingga dilakukan intervensi dengan pembaruan Standar Prosedur Operasional dan penerapan spreadsheet inventory. Pada ABC Pemakaian, Klasifikasi A sebanyak 11,7%, Klasifikasi B 20,1%, Klasifikasi C 68,2%.  Pada ABC Investasi didapatkan Obat Klasifikasi A 17,2%, Klasifikasi B 29,9%, Klasifikasi C 52,9%. Obat Klasifikasi V 13,6%, Klasifikasi E 80,2%, Klasifikasi N 6,2%. Kesimpulan pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat masih termasuk ke dalam proses un-LEAN dan belum mampu merespon terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan pelayanan pasien. Penerapan metode Lean dapat mempersingkat proses pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat. Hasil penerapan metode ABC dapat menjadi acuan dalam proses pengelolaan dan perencanaan obat selanjutnya.

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Pharmaceutical services are supporting services that function in the management of drugs, disposable medical materials and medical devices in hospitals. The availability of drugs is a very important factor in hospital services and can determine the quality of hospital services. Kalideres Regional Hospital borrows drugs from several agencies to overcome drug shortages in 2024. This study aims to determine the application of the Lean and ABC-VEN methods in improving drug management and planning. This study uses the Lean method in analyzing the drug management and planning process to determine the Current State Stream Map, identify Value Added, Non Value Added and Waste and implement the Future Stream Map. The ABC-VEN method is used to classify drugs as a reference in making drug management and planning policies. The results of the study found waste overprocessing, overproduction and waiting in the drug management and planning process so that interventions were carried out by updating Standard Operating Procedures and implementing spreadsheet inventory. In ABC Usage, Classification A was 11.7%, Classification B 20.1%, Classification C 68.2%. In ABC Investment, Classification A Drugs were 17.2%, Classification B 29.9%, Classification C 52.9%. Classification V Drugs 13.6%, Classification E 80.2%, Classification N 6.2%. The conclusion is that drug management and planning are still included in the un-LEAN process and have not been able to respond to the increasing need for patient services. The application of the Lean method can shorten the process of drug management and planning. The results of the application of the ABC method can be a reference in the process of further drug management and planning.