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In addition to morbidity and mortality are high, financing catastrophic diseases(kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, cancer, thalassemia and hemophilia) thatabsorb very high cost should be a serious concern. The study aims to analyze thecost of catastrophic diseases based on the characteristics of participants.Quantitative research analytical uses claims data in the form of data BPJSparticipants and costs in 2014 amounted to 309 301 claims. The analysis showedsignificant difference in the average cost of catastrophic illness according tolength of stay, classes and class hospital care. Promotive, preventive and diseasemanagement of patients need to be improved to achieve cost effectiveness andefficiency of health care in ensuring the sustainability of national health insuranceprogram.Key words:Catastrophic diseases, hospital expenses, characteristic of participant, promotive,preventive and disease management.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran jaminan kesehatan dan determinan yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan oleh penyandang disabilitas di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 menggunakan data Susenas Maret 2021. Variabel terikat penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di FKTP dan FKRTL. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat dengan metode Binary Regression menggunakan model logit. Diketahui variabel kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, pemanfaatan JKN, jenis disabilitas, tingkat keparahan disabilitas, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pekerjaan, status kawin, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan karakteristik tempat tinggal serta status ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan pada pemanfaatan layanan rawat jalan dan rawat inap (p-value 0,000 <0,005). Kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan non JKN atau kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan ganda (JKN dan non JKN) meningkatkan peluang pemanfaatan layanan baik rawat inap maupun rawat jalan. Terjadi penurunan kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan terhadap peningkatan status ekonomi penyandang disabilitas (propoor). Sebaliknya terjadi tren peningkatan pemanfaatan jaminan kesehatan terhadap peningkatan status ekonomi keluarga penyandang disabilitas (prorich).
This research aims to determine the role of health insurance and the determinants that influence the use of health services by people with disabilities in Indonesia in 2021 using Susenas data for March 2021. The dependent variable of this research is the use of outpatient and inpatient health services at FKTP and FKRTL. Data were analyzed bivariately and multivariately using the Binary Regression method using the logit model. It is known that the variables of ownership of health insurance, utilization of JKN, type of disability, severity of disability, gender, education, employment status, marital status, number of household members, and characteristics of residence and economic status have a significant effect on the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services ( p-value 0.000 <0.005). Ownership of non-JKN health insurance or ownership of dual health insurance (JKN and non-JKN) increases the chances of utilizing both inpatient and outpatient services. There has been a decrease in ownership of health insurance due to an increase in the economic status of people with disabilities (propoor). On the contrary, there is a trend of increasing use of health insurance towards increasing the economic status of families of people with disabilities (prorich).
Seven years since the national health insurance scheme (JKN) was introduced, coverage in DKI Jakarta Province has reached 85% of the population, but the average out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure of DKI Jakarta residents is twice that of the national expenditure. The high JKN coverage was accompanied by an increase in OOP in DKI Jakarta Province. This study focuses on understanding how health insurance ownership relates to health service utilization and cash health expenditure in DKI Jakarta Province. This study uses secondary data from Susenas Kor in 2021. The quantitative analysis conducted in this study includes two stages, the first stage using individual-level data to determine the determinants of individual health behavior on health service utilization. The second stage was carried out using household-level data to determine the tendency of health insurance utilization with out-of-pocket health expenditure in DKI Jakarta Province. This study found that the economic status of the population in quintile one (Q1) and quintile two (Q2) is the largest group of people who do not have health insurance. The results of the first stage of analysis show that DKI Jakarta residents prefer privately-run health facilities for outpatient utilization, while government-operated health facilities are slightly superior for inpatient utilization. Residents who have JKN will use it for outpatient and inpatient utilization. The results of the second stage showed that the out-of-pocket cash health expenditure of people with national health insurance (JKN) was lower than that of people without health insurance. Residents who have dual/combination health insurance (JKN and private) when utilizing health services are using private health insurance. The higher the economic status of the population, the higher their health expenditure. This study suggests that the government should pay close attention to the coverage of health insurance among people with low economic status. It also needs to encourage people to make more use of JKN when utilizing outpatient and inpatient care in order to further reduce financial risk, especially for people with vulnerable household members.
Malaria merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. diperkirakan ± 1,5 juta - 2.7 juta jiwa meninggal setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia Pada tahun 2002 dilaporkan ada 15 juta kasus klinis. Dilaporkan bahwa dibeberapa daerah malaria masih endemis terutama daerah terpencil dan sebagian besar penderitanya dari goIongan ekonomi lemah. Dari 2 I kabupaten /kota di NAD,66 6% merupakan daerah endemis malaria. Kabupatcn Aceh Tenggara yang merupakan daerah pegunungan dengan jarak 900 km dari ibu kota provinsi selama empat tahun berturut-turut megalami kenaikan kasus malaria. Pada tahun 2003 teroatat 741 kasus, 2004 tercatat 531 kasus, 2005 tercatat 1.112 kasus dan 2006 tercatat l.787 kasus kejadian malaria. Perhatian dunia terhadap malaria cukup besar. Hal ini ditandai dengan penandatanganan perjanjian antara Global Fund, pemerintah Jerman dan pemerintah Indonesia yang berbunyi menghapus hutang Indonesia sebesar 50juta euro (600 milyar) dengan syarat setengah dari dana tersebut digunakan untuk program pemberantasan penyakit menular termasuk malaria. Program pemberantasan penyakit malaria merupakan palayanan esensial yang harus disubsidi oleh pemerintah dalam upaya mencapai ?kesehatan untuk semua? (health for all) sesuai dengan kemampuan Negara Indonesia. Diharapkan Dinas Kesehatan Kaabaupaten dapat mempengaruhi para pengambil keputusan di daerah untuk mendapaatkan prioritas dana APBD Kabupaten guna membiayai program malaria. Penelitian ini ingin melihat anggaran program pemberantasan penyakit malaria di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara pada tahun 2005 s/d 2007 dimulai dari proses perencanaan penerimaan anggaran dari berbagai sumber peruntukan anggaran tersebut, siapa pegelolanya dan bagaimana dukungan pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian operasional dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitalif yang bersifiat deskriftif. Hasil penelitian menemukan pembiayaan program pemberantasan penyakit malaria di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupeten Aceh Tenggara pada tahun 2005 sld 2007 menunjukan hanya terdapat dua sumber yaitu ABPD Kab dan BLN yang jumlahnya cenderung naik yaitu tahun 2005 Rp 314,480.000, tahun 2006 Rp 444.380.000 dan tahun 2007 Rp 2.806.450.000. Pembiayaan operasional hampir tidak ada perubahan dari tahun ketahun. Komponen biaya terbesar adalah pemberian kelambu sebesar Rp. 2.512.200.000. Biaya untuk kuratif sangat sedikit yaitu hanya Rp 86.970.000. selama tahun 2005 s/d 2007. Dari hasil wawancara mendalam dengan peieabat terkait diperoleh gambaran bahwa keinginan mereka untuk memberantas: penyaki.t malaria cukup tinggi hanya saja belum diikuti dengan jumlah anggaran. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pengelola Program pemberantasan penyakit malaria Dinas Kesahatan Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara lebih aktif lagi mencari sumber pembiayaan lain, tidak hanya bertumpun pada sumber yang ada sekarang dengan cara membuat perencanaan yang tepat dan melakukan advocasi ke pemerintah daerah.
Malaria is a communicable disease that is still be one of health problem throughout tbe world. There are estimated ± I ,5 - 2,7 million people died every year because of malaria. It has been reported that there were 15 miliion cases in Indonesia in 2002. Malaria is still be an endemic disease in rural area and most of patients are the poor people. There are 21 districts in NAD and 66 6%malatia. Aceh Tenggara District is a mountainous area in the distance of 900 km from capital city. For 4 years malaria cases increased year to year. In 2003, it was recorded that there were 741 cases, 842 cases in 2004, !.!12 cases in 2005 and 1.787 cases in 2006. The international contribution toward malaria is great enough. The MOU bertween global fund, German and Indonesia has been signed, it stated they agreed to eliminate Indonesia debt at anount 50 million Euro (600 million) with a specific condition that half of that loan should be used to eliminate communicable disease including malaria. Malaria elimination program is an essential service subsidized by government to achieve "health for all" in accordance with government ability. It's expected that District Health Office (Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten) could influence the district policy stake holder to get a priority budget from Annual district budget called ?APBD? for malaria program This study was aimed to describe the budget of malaria program in district health office in Aceh Tenggara in 2005 to 2007. This study enrolled the planning budgeting process, financing sources, agent, provider and beneficiary for malaria program. This study was on descriptive operational study with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results of study showed that the sources of fund are District APBD and BLN. The funding tends to increase from Rp. 314.480.000 in 2005, Rp. 444.380.000 in 2006 to Rp. 2.806.450.000 in 2007. The major component of 1hat funding waspurchasing mosquito net and it cost 2.512.200.000. Curative funding component is only 86.970.000 from 2005 to 2007. The result of study recommended 1hat the District Hea1th Office ( Dinkes ) ofAceh Tenggara should proactively find others potential resources, not only depending on the available resourcesby making a better planning process and advocate district government.
