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Angga Bagus Pratama; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Agus Rahmanto
Abstrak:
Penerapan kapitasi berbasis komitmen pelayanan yang kini dikenal dengan kapitasi berbasis kinerja (KBK) merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dalam skema Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. Telah banyak publikasi yang menyajikan studi kasus di tingkat FKTP mengenai faktor apa saja yang berkontribusi atau menghambat pencapaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa saja yang membuat Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama mencapai target KBK, dengan menggunakan desain Literature Review. Basis pencarian literatur yang digunakan adalah Google Scholar dan GARUDA. Dari jumlah pencarian 917 artikel, setelah menghilangkan duplikasi, menyaring dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan hasil akhir 11 artikel dengan hampir seluruhnya menggunakan desain kualitatif berupa studi kasus. Hasil penyaringan literatur disajikan dengan diagram PRISMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah SDM yang cukup, tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang cukup, dana di Puskesmas yang cukup serta tersalurkan dengan baik, dan adanya kodifikasi penyakit untuk meningkatkan pelayanan yang optimal, merupakan kondisi yang membuat tercapainya target KBK. Faktor yang dianggap menyulitkan tercapainya KBK antara lain ketersediaan SDM yang belum tercukupi, sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai, ketersediaan dana yang belum tercukupi , jumlah peserta yang terlalu banyak atau melebihi standar kapasitas di FKTP dan kebijakan target yang dianggap terlalu tinggi oleh FKTP.
The implementation of service commitment-based capitation which is now known as Capitation Based Commitment (CBC) is an effort to improve the quality of services in the National Health Insurance scheme. There have been many publications that present case studies at the FKTP level regarding what factors contribute to or hinder achievement. This study aims to identify the factors that make First Level Health Facilities achieve the KBK target, using the Literature Review design. The literature search bases used are Google Scholar and GARUDA. From the number of searches for 917 articles, after eliminating duplication, filtering using inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final results obtained are 11 articles with almost all of them using a qualitative design in the form of case studies. The results of the literature screening are presented with a PRISMA diagram. The results of the study indicate that a sufficient number of human resources, the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, sufficient funds at the Puskesmas and well channeled, and the codification of diseases to improve optimal services, are conditions that make the KBK target achievable. Factors that are considered difficult to achieve KBK include the number of participants who are too many or exceed the capacity standard in FKTP and target policies that are considered too high by FKTP.
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The implementation of service commitment-based capitation which is now known as Capitation Based Commitment (CBC) is an effort to improve the quality of services in the National Health Insurance scheme. There have been many publications that present case studies at the FKTP level regarding what factors contribute to or hinder achievement. This study aims to identify the factors that make First Level Health Facilities achieve the KBK target, using the Literature Review design. The literature search bases used are Google Scholar and GARUDA. From the number of searches for 917 articles, after eliminating duplication, filtering using inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final results obtained are 11 articles with almost all of them using a qualitative design in the form of case studies. The results of the literature screening are presented with a PRISMA diagram. The results of the study indicate that a sufficient number of human resources, the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, sufficient funds at the Puskesmas and well channeled, and the codification of diseases to improve optimal services, are conditions that make the KBK target achievable. Factors that are considered difficult to achieve KBK include the number of participants who are too many or exceed the capacity standard in FKTP and target policies that are considered too high by FKTP.
S-11561
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Acep Arief Hermansyah ; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Budi Hidayat, Kurnia Sari, Donni Hendrawan, Febriansyah Budi Pratama
Abstrak:
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Skema Kapitasi Berbasis Kinerja (KBK) diterapkan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan primer sekaligus kendali biaya untuk mendukung keberlanjutan Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Namun, capaian indikator KBK di Provinsi Jawa Barat masih belum optimal dan menunjukkan disparitas antar FKTP. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis determinan capaian KBK pada FKTP di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2025 berdasarkan dimensi sistem pelayanan kesehatan dan pemanfaatan individu. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan analisa kuantitatif pada 1.800 FKTP. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan korelasi Spearman dan uji Mann–Whitney, serta multivariat melalui regresi linier berganda ordinary least squares (OLS) dengan transformasi log-linier dan robust standard error. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan median nilai KBK sebesar 3,60, dengan hanya 33,50% FKTP mencapai nilai optimal. Indikator RRNS menunjukkan capaian tertinggi (90,28%), diikuti angka kontak (52,22%), sedangkan RPPT memiliki tingkat ketidaktercapaian terbesar (53,39%). Jam operasional menjadi prediktor dominan peningkatan nilai KBK (β*=0,1693). Proporsi peserta hipertensi berpengaruh paling kuat terhadap Angka Kontak (β*=0,2334), sementara partisipasi Prolanis menjadi determinan utama RPPT (β*=0,2103). Sebaliknya, fleksibilitas pengelolaan keuangan berkorelasi dengan peningkatan RRNS (β*=0,1001).
Performance Based Capitation (PBC) scheme was implemented to improve the quality of primary care services while controlling costs to support the sustainability of the National Health Insurance Program. However, the achievement of PBC indicators in West Java Province remains suboptimal and shows disparities across Primary Healthcare Facilities (PHCFs). This study aimed to analyze the determinants of PBC achievement in PHCFs in West Java Province in 2025 based on health service system dimensions and individual utilization. The study employed a cross-sectional design with quantitative analysis of 1,800 PHCFs. Analysis was conducted univariately, bivariately using Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney test, and multivariately through ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple linear regression with log-linear transformation and robust standard errors. The results showed a median PBC score of 3.60, with only 33.50% of PHCFs achieving optimal scores. The non-specialist referral ratio (NSRR) indicator demonstrated the highest achievement (90.28%), followed by contact rate (52.22%), while the controlled chronic disease participants ratio (CDPR) had the largest non-achievement rate (53.39%). Operating hours emerged as the dominant predictor of increased PBC scores (β*=0.1693). The proportion of hypertensive participants had the strongest effect on contact rate (β*=0.2334), while Prolanis participation was the main determinant of CDPR (β*=0.2103). Conversely, financial management flexibility was correlated with increased NSRR (β*=0.1001).
T-7536
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Hana Zakiyah; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Laksmi Damaryanti
Abstrak:
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Latar Belakang: Gangguan kesehatan mental memberikan beban ekonomi signifikan secara global, dengan proyeksi kerugian mencapai USD 6 triliun pada tahun 2030. Di Indonesia, estimasi biaya langsung tahunan mencapai Rp87,5 triliun apabila seluruh invidiu dengan gangguan mental menjalani pengobatan rutin. Tujuan: Mengetahui besaran biaya dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan biaya layanan kesehatan mental pada rawat jalan FKRTL Peserta JKN. Metode: Desain studi dengan potong lintang menggunakan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan 2024. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat terhadap 785.150 peserta aktif layanan kesehatan mental. Hasil: BPJS Kesehatan menanggung total biaya layanan kesehatan mental sebesar Rp3,4 triliun dalam satu tahun. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara biaya layanan dengan usia, segmentasi peserta, jumlah diagnosis, frekuensi kunjungan RJTL, regional FKRTL, kepemilikan FKRTL, dan kondisi penyakit kronis. Kesimpulan: Biaya tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok usia lanjut dan wilayah Regional 1, yang mencerminkan konsentrasi layanan serta akses yang lebih optimal. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya pemerataan dan pendekatan berbasis kebutuhan layanan kesehatan mental.
Background: Mental health disorders present a significant global economic burden, with projected losses reaching USD 6 trillion by 2030. In Indonesia, the estimated annual direct cost may reach IDR 87.5 trillion if all individuals with mental disorders undergo routine treatment. Objective: To identify the total cost and factors associated with mental health service expenditures in outpatient care at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) for JKN participants. Methods: This study uses cross-sectional design using the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on 785,150 active mental health service users. Results: BPJS Kesehatan covered a total of IDR 3.4 trillion in mental health outpatient services within one year. There was a significant relationship between service costs and age, participant segmentation, number of diagnoses, outpatient visits frequency, advanced health facilities regional, advanced referral health facilities ownership, and chronic disease conditions. Conclusions: The highest costs were observed among the elderly and in Regional 1, reflecting a concentration of services and better access. These findings highlight the importance of equitable distribution and need-based approaches in mental health service financing.
Background: Mental health disorders present a significant global economic burden, with projected losses reaching USD 6 trillion by 2030. In Indonesia, the estimated annual direct cost may reach IDR 87.5 trillion if all individuals with mental disorders undergo routine treatment. Objective: To identify the total cost and factors associated with mental health service expenditures in outpatient care at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) for JKN participants. Methods: This study uses cross-sectional design using the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on 785,150 active mental health service users. Results: BPJS Kesehatan covered a total of IDR 3.4 trillion in mental health outpatient services within one year. There was a significant relationship between service costs and age, participant segmentation, number of diagnoses, outpatient visits frequency, advanced health facilities regional, advanced referral health facilities ownership, and chronic disease conditions. Conclusions: The highest costs were observed among the elderly and in Regional 1, reflecting a concentration of services and better access. These findings highlight the importance of equitable distribution and need-based approaches in mental health service financing.
S-12051
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dita Ardiarini; Pembimbing: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari; Penguji: Atik Nurwahyuni, Wilda Alvernia Lumban Gaol
Abstrak:
Manajemen klaim memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting, yaitu pada pembayaranatas pelayanan kesehatan yang telah diberikan menggunakan asuransi (BPJS Kesehatan).Unit ini menentukan arus kas keuangan rumah sakit dan menentukan suatu klaim harussegera dibayar, ditunda maupun ditolak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literaturereview yang membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya pending claim BPJSKesehatan di rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaranpelaksanaan dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya pendingclaim BPJS Kesehatan di rumah sakit serta upaya untuk menguranginya. Untukmemperoleh literatur yang layak uji, dilakukan tinjauan literatur menggunakan pedomanPRISMA. Kemudian didapatkan 15 penelitian yang layak uji. Hasil penelitian ini adalah6 faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya pending claim BPJS Kesehatan di rumah sakit,yaitu faktor sumber daya manusia, kebijakan/SOP, sarana dan prasarana, administrasiklaim, faktor eksternal, dan evaluasi. Faktor administrasi klaim merupakan faktorterbanyak yang menyebabkan terjadinya pending claim di rumah sakit. Rumah sakitsudah melakukan upaya untuk mengurangi ternyadinya pending claim BPJS Kesehatan,tetapi masih banyak berkas klaim yang dikembalikan oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Untuk itu,rumah sakit juga perlu membuat strategi dan melaksanakan secara berkelanjutan untukmengurangi dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan.Kata kunci: Berkas klaim, BPJS Kesehatan, klaim BPJS, Pending claim, rumah sakit.
Claim management has a very important function, including payment for healthservices that have been provided using insurance (BPJS of health). This unit determinesthe financial cash flow of the hospital and determines a claim must be paid immediately,postponed or rejected. This study use a literature review method that discuss factorsrelated to pending claim BPJS at the hospital. The purpose of this study is to get anoverview of the implementation and what factors are related to pending BPJS claim andefforts to reduce them. In order to acquire a proper literature test, a literature review wasconducted using PRISMA guidelines. The search found 15 studies that eligible for thestudy.The 15 studies showed factors related to pending claim at hospital were humanresource, policy, facilities and infrastructure, claim administration, external factor andevaluation. Claim administration factor more likely appeared as cause for pending BPJSclaim. The hospitals have made efforts to reduce pending BPJS claim, but there are stillmany claim files returned by BPJS Health. For this reason, the hospitals also must createstrategies and implement sustainably to overcome the impact caused by pending BPJSclaim.Key words: BPJS claim, BPJS of health, claim file, hospitals, pending claim.
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Claim management has a very important function, including payment for healthservices that have been provided using insurance (BPJS of health). This unit determinesthe financial cash flow of the hospital and determines a claim must be paid immediately,postponed or rejected. This study use a literature review method that discuss factorsrelated to pending claim BPJS at the hospital. The purpose of this study is to get anoverview of the implementation and what factors are related to pending BPJS claim andefforts to reduce them. In order to acquire a proper literature test, a literature review wasconducted using PRISMA guidelines. The search found 15 studies that eligible for thestudy.The 15 studies showed factors related to pending claim at hospital were humanresource, policy, facilities and infrastructure, claim administration, external factor andevaluation. Claim administration factor more likely appeared as cause for pending BPJSclaim. The hospitals have made efforts to reduce pending BPJS claim, but there are stillmany claim files returned by BPJS Health. For this reason, the hospitals also must createstrategies and implement sustainably to overcome the impact caused by pending BPJSclaim.Key words: BPJS claim, BPJS of health, claim file, hospitals, pending claim.
S-10319
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Amilla Wulandhani; Pembimbing: Hafizurrachman; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Handaryo
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ketersediaan dokter, ketersediaan obat-obatan, fasilitas kesehatan, pemahaman dokter sebagai gatekeeper, pemahaman dokter tentang kapitasi, dan diagnosis medis terhadap kasus rujukan peserta Askes Sosial di Puskesmas Sumbersari Bantul tahun 2012.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan obat dan fasilitas kesehatan,rendahnya pemahaman dokter mengenai gatekeeper dan kapitasi, serta banyaknya pasien penyakit kronis menyebabkan kasus rujukan tinggi. Diperlukan ketegasan dokter untuk mengurangi kasus rujukan yang bukan berdasarkan indikasi medis serta koordinasi antara PT Askes, Dinas Kesehatan, dan puskesmas untuk menyediakan obat dan fasilitas kesehatan yang dibutuhkan di puskesmas.Kata kunci: Kasus rujukan, rujukan puskesmas, puskesmas sebagai gatekeeper ̧ kapitasi
This study aims to describe the physician availability, drugs availability, healthfacilities, physician understanding as a gatekeeper, physician understanding ofcapitation, and medical diagnosis in referral case from primary health care ofAskes Sosial participants at Puskesmas Sumbersari Bantul in 2012. This studyuses descriptive qualitative research design. The result indicates that the limiteddrugs and health facilities, physician lack of understanding about gatekeeper andcapitation, and number of patients with chronic disease, causing high referralcases. The researcher suggests improving the physician decision to reduce referralcase that is not based on medical indication and also improving the coordinationbetween PT Askes, Dinas Kesehatan, and primary health care to provide thedemand of drugs and health facilities in primary health care.Key words:Referral case, referral from primary health care, primary health care as agatekeeper, capitation
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This study aims to describe the physician availability, drugs availability, healthfacilities, physician understanding as a gatekeeper, physician understanding ofcapitation, and medical diagnosis in referral case from primary health care ofAskes Sosial participants at Puskesmas Sumbersari Bantul in 2012. This studyuses descriptive qualitative research design. The result indicates that the limiteddrugs and health facilities, physician lack of understanding about gatekeeper andcapitation, and number of patients with chronic disease, causing high referralcases. The researcher suggests improving the physician decision to reduce referralcase that is not based on medical indication and also improving the coordinationbetween PT Askes, Dinas Kesehatan, and primary health care to provide thedemand of drugs and health facilities in primary health care.Key words:Referral case, referral from primary health care, primary health care as agatekeeper, capitation
S-7685
Depok : FKM-UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Khairunnisa Safina Rahma; Pembimbing: Septiara Putri; Penguji: Pujiyanto
Abstrak:
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Tesis ini membahas terkait faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam kejadian catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) pada rumah tangga di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang melibatkan studi dari negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah dengan metode literature review. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat prevalensi kejadian CHE dan faktor-faktor yang meningkatkan risiko CHE pada rumah tangga. Hasil dari literature review ini menunjukkan prevalensi CHE tertinggi diantara negara berpengasilan menengah yaitu pada Negara Myanmar dengan 22,7% dari total populasi. Sementara pada negara berpengasilan rendah, prevalensi CHE tidak jauh berbeda dengan negara berpenghasilan menengah. Kejadian CHE pada rumah tangga dilatar belakangi oleh faktor-faktor seperti faktor sosio-demografi, faktor penykit dan perawatan, aksesibilitas ke pelayanan kesehatan, dan wilayah tempat tinggal rumah tangga. Peran asuransi kesehatan berpengaruh untuk mengurangi risiko rumah tangga mengalami CHE, dan prevalensi CHE di suatu negara.
This thesis discusses the factors that influence the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among households in low and middle income countries. This research is a study involving studies from low and middle income countries with a literature review. method. This study aims to identify the prevalence of CHE events and the factors that increase the risk of CHE in households. The results of this literature review show that the highest prevalence of CHE among middle-income countries is in Myanmar with 22.7% of the total population. Meanwhile, in low-income countries, the prevalence of CHE is not much different from countries with middle-income. The occurrence of CHE in households is motivated by factors such as socio-demographic factors, disease and treatment factors, accessibility to health services, and the area where the household resides. The role of health insurance has an effect on reducing the risk of households experiencing.
S-11223
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Enzelika Rahel Sininta; Pembiming: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
Abstrak:
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Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan persalinan sectio caesarea di fasilitas rujukan tingkat lanjut di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2023, menggunakan desain penelitian non-eksperimental analitikal dengan pendekatan cross-sectional data sampel BPJS Kesehatan 2024. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 77,6% peserta melahirkan dengan tindakan sectio caesarea. Beberapa faktor ditemukan memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap pemilihan metode persalinan ini, antara lain: usia >35 tahun (OR: 1,93; 95% CI: 1,68–2,21), domisili di Jakarta Timur (OR: 4,68; 95% CI: 4,18–5,25), status kepesertaan PBPU (OR: 2,50; 95% CI: 2,23–2,79), hak kelas rawat Kelas I, kepemilikan fasilitas swasta (OR: 3,19; 95% CI: 3,08–3,32), tipe FKRTL kelas C (OR: 1,50; 95% CI: 1,47–1,75), serta lokasi FKRTL di Jakarta Timur (OR: 3,75; 95% CI: 3,53–3,98). Faktor riwayat sectio caesarea merupakan prediktor terkuat (OR: 77,2; 95% CI: 61,42–97,2), yang menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan tinggi untuk menjalani sectio berulang. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya perhatian terhadap keputusan medis pada persalinan pertama yang berpotensi memengaruhi pola persalinan berikutnya. Intervensi perlu dilakukan secara menyeluruh, baik pada sisi ibu melalui intervensi preventif dan penguatan kesiapan sejak di layanan primer, maupun pada sisi pelayanan melalui audit medis dan penerapan panduan klinis yang ketat.
This study aims to analyze the use of caesarean section deliveries in advanced referral health facilities in DKI Jakarta Province in 2023, using an non-experimental analytical cross-sectional design based on BPJS Health sample data from 2024. Results showed that 77.6% of participants gave birth via caesarean section. Several factors were significantly associated with caesarean delivery, including age over 35 years (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.68–2.21), residence in East Jakarta (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 4.18–5.25), PBPU insurance status (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 2.23–2.79), Class I inpatient entitlement, private hospital ownership (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 3.08–3.32), Class C hospital type (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.47–1.75), and facility location in East Jakarta (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 3.53–3.98). History of caesarean section was the strongest predictor (OR: 77.2; 95% CI: 61.42–97.2), indicating a high likelihood of reccuring procedures. These findings highlight the importance of careful medical decision-making during the first delivery, as it can significantly influence subsequent delivery patterns. Comprehensive interventions are needed, both on the maternal side through preventive measures and strengthened readiness starting at the primary care level, and on the service side through medical audits and strict implementation of clinical guidelines.
This study aims to analyze the use of caesarean section deliveries in advanced referral health facilities in DKI Jakarta Province in 2023, using an non-experimental analytical cross-sectional design based on BPJS Health sample data from 2024. Results showed that 77.6% of participants gave birth via caesarean section. Several factors were significantly associated with caesarean delivery, including age over 35 years (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.68–2.21), residence in East Jakarta (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 4.18–5.25), PBPU insurance status (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 2.23–2.79), Class I inpatient entitlement, private hospital ownership (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 3.08–3.32), Class C hospital type (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.47–1.75), and facility location in East Jakarta (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 3.53–3.98). History of caesarean section was the strongest predictor (OR: 77.2; 95% CI: 61.42–97.2), indicating a high likelihood of reccuring procedures. These findings highlight the importance of careful medical decision-making during the first delivery, as it can significantly influence subsequent delivery patterns. Comprehensive interventions are needed, both on the maternal side through preventive measures and strengthened readiness starting at the primary care level, and on the service side through medical audits and strict implementation of clinical guidelines.
S-12060
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Wildan Agung Nur'Alim; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Rien Pramindari
Abstrak:
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Penelitian ini menganalisis utilisasi fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama pelayanan kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sampel BPJS tahun 2015-2022 yang berisi data kunjungan tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Chi-square. Dalam penelitian ini dapat diobservasi bahwa utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama oleh peserta JKN pada tahun 2015-2022 sebesar 331.008.686 kunjungan dengan total kunjungan ke pelayanan kesehatan mental di FKTP sebesar 1.158.843 kunjungan. Proporsi utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan mental di FKTP di Indonesia lebih besar pada jenjang umur dewasa dengan besar 994.553 kunjungan, jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 639.442 kunjungan, status belum kawin sebesar 632.421, tinggal di Provinsi Jawa Tengah sebesar 234.583 kunjungan, berkunjung ke puskesmas sebesar 935.204 kunjungan, dan segmen peserta PBI APBN sebesar 470.619 kunjungan. Oleh karena itu, memastikan ketersediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan mental di FKTP beserta tenaga ahli kesehatan mental yang terlatih dan sesuai standar harus ditingkatkan, terlebih daerah dengan kunjungan tertinggi.
This study analyses the utilisation of first-level health facilities for mental health services in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design using BPJS sample data for 2015-2022 which contained visit data for 2022. This study used Chi-square. It was observed that the utilisation of primary healthcare services by JKN participants in 2015-2022 was 331,008,686 visits with a total of 1,158,843 visits to mental health services at primary healthcare facilities. The proportion of mental health service utilisation at primary healthcare facilities in Indonesia is greater in the adult age group with 994,553 visits, male gender with 639,442 visits, unmarried status with 632,421 visits, living in Central Java Province with 234,583 visits, visiting puskesmas with 935,204 visits, and the PBI APBN participant segment with 470,619 visits. Therefore, ensuring the availability of mental health service facilities at FKTP along with trained and standardised mental health experts must be improved, especially in areas with the highest visits.
S-11716
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Imma Nadya Simarmata; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Puput Oktamianti, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
Abstrak:
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Latar Belakang: Pemanfaatan pelayanan KB di Indonesia masih belum optimaal ditandai dengan unmet need yang stagnan di angka 11% dan rendahnya kesertaan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP). Meskipun pelayanan KB dijamin dalam skema JKN dan dapat diakses melalui 23.639 FKTP, gambaran pemanfaatan pelayanan KB dalam konteks kepesertaan JKN secara nasional masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Menganalisis gambaran pemanfaatan pelayanan KB dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan jenis pelayanan KB MKJP dan Non-MKJP. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder dari Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Reguler Edisi 2025 menggunakan sampel berjumlah 13.660 peserta. Analisis data meliputi univariat (distribusi frekuensi) dan bivariat menggunakan regresi logistik complex samples yang memperhitungkan desain sampel kompleks (strata, cluster, dan pembobotan). Hasil: Non-MKJP mendominasi sebesar 70,6% dengan jenis terbanyak adalah pemberian kontrasepsi suntik/pil dan pemantauan (36,6%). Dari 8 variabel yang diteliti, 4 variabel berhubungan bermakna dengan jenis pemanfaatan pelayanan KB, yaitu jenis kelamin (p=0,024), jenis FKTP (p=0,001), wilayah regional FKTP (p=0,001), dan wilayah tempat tinggal (p<0,001), sedangkan usia, status perkawinan, hubungan keluarga, dan segmentasi kepesertaan tidak berhubungan bermakna. Kesimpulan: Pemanfaatan MKJP di FKTP masih belum optimal dan terdapat disparitas signifikan berdasarkan karakteristik peserta dan wilayah.
Background: Family planning (FP) service utilization in Indonesia remains suboptimal, characterized by an unmet need that has stagnated at 11% and persistently low uptake of Long-Acting Contraceptive Methods (LACMs). Although FP services are covered under the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme and accessible through 23,639 primary health care facilities (FKTP), a comprehensive national picture of FP service utilization among JKN participants remains largely unavailable. Objective: To analyze the profile of FP service utilization and the factors associated with the type of FP service utilized, namely LACMs and Non-LACMs. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from the BPJS Kesehatan Regular Sample Data 2025 Edition, with a sample of 13,660 participants. Data analysis included univariate (frequency distribution) and bivariate analyses using complex samples logistic regression. Results: Non-LACMs dominated at 70.7%, with contraceptive injection/pill provision being the most common service type (36.6%). Of the 8 variables examined, 4 were significantly associated with the type of FP service utilized, namely sex (p=0.024), type of FKTP (p=0.001), regional FKTP zone (p=0.001), and area of residence (p<0.001), whereas age, marital status, family relationship, and membership segmentation were not significantly associated. Conclusion: LACMs utilization at FKTP remains suboptimal, with significant disparities observed across participant characteristics and geographic regions.
S-12429
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Chiesa Nazwa Camila; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Budi Hidayat, Trisnasari
Abstrak:
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Kematian ibu tetap menjadi tantangan global dan nasional yang krusial. Dalam upaya akselerasi penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI), WHO merekomendasikan standar pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) minimal delapan kali kontak. Merespons hal tersebut, Indonesia melalui Permenkes No. 21 Tahun 2021 telah meningkatkan standar pelayanan minimal dari empat menjadi enam kali kontak (K6). Namun, implementasi kebijakan ini masih menghadapi tantangan pada keberlanjutan layanan. Meskipun pembiayaan telah terintegrasi dalam skema Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), peran JKN dalam pembiayaan ANC dinilai belum optimal dengan cakupan 64,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis utilisasi dan keberlanjutan pelayanan ANC K6 tahun 2023-2024 pada peserta JKN di FKTP menggunakan rancangan kohort retrospektif dan data sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total populasi tertimbang 1.077.168 ibu hamil, sebanyak 561.843 ibu (52,2%) tidak memanfaatkan JKN untuk ANC. Di antara 515.324 peserta yang memanfaatkan skema JKN, hanya 25.473 peserta (2,4%) yang berhasil menuntaskan standar minimal enam kali kontak (K6). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel usia, status pernikahan, wilayah geografis, segmentasi kepesertaan, hak kelas rawat, dan jenis FKTP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap utilisasi ANC K6. Tingginya kesenjangan antara data survei nasional dengan data klaim JKN mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran pembiayaan ke jalur mandiri (out-of-pocket). Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya penguatan tata kelola klaim dan deteksi kecurangan, perluasan jejaring mitra JKN, simplifikasi prosedur administratif, serta intervensi berbasis komunitas melalui kader kesehatan dan pelibatan pasangan guna mendorong keberlanjutan ANC dan menekan AKI nasional.
Maternal mortality remains a critical global and national challenge. In an effort to accelerate the reduction of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an Antenatal Care (ANC) standard of at least eight contacts. In response, Indonesia, through Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 21 of 2021, has increased the minimum service standard from four to six contacts (K6). However, the implementation of this policy still faces challenges regarding service continuity. Although financing is integrated into the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme, JKN's role in financing ANC is considered suboptimal, with a coverage of 64.6%. This study aimed to analyze the utilization and continuity of K6 ANC services from 2023-2024 among JKN participants at primary healthcare facilities (FKTP) using a retrospective cohort design based on the 2023-2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. The results showed that of a total weighted population of 1,077,168 pregnant women, 561,843 (52.2%) did not utilize JKN for ANC. Among the 515,324 participants who utilized the JKN scheme, only 25,473 (2.4%) successfully completed the minimum standard of six contacts (K6). Analysis revealed that age, marital status, geographical region, membership segmentation, ward class entitlement, and type of FKTP significantly influenced K6 ANC utilization. The significant gap between national survey data and JKN claim data indicates a shift in financing toward out-of-pocket payments. These results underscore the need for strengthening claim governance and fraud detection, expanding JKN partner networks, simplifying administrative procedures, and implementing community-based interventions through health cadres and spousal involvement to promote ANC continuity and reduce national MMR
S-12322
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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