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Compared to death of infants aged 1-59 months, neonatal death has slower rate reduction, with annual rate reduction only 2.6% during the last 18 years. One of risk factors causing neonatal death is iron deficiency anemia on pregnant women. Indonesia has high number of anemia among pregnant women, as much as 41,98% in 2016. This study was conducted to examine the effect of iron supplementation during pregnancy towards neonatal survival in Indonesia. Survival analysis using cox regression test was performed towards live birth data in the period of 20122017 recorded on Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Result showed that women consumed less than 180 tablets of iron supplements are having 1,542 times higher risk of neonatal death compared to those consumed 180 tablets of iron or more (95% CI 0,808-2,946; p-value 0,189). Subsequent analysis also showed that implementation of minimum 90 iron tablets consumption during pregnancy program could prevent 13,77% neonatal death in population. The result of this study is strongly affected by selection bias, recall bias, and compliance issue on iron supplementation in Indonesia. Despite of the strong bias, this study points to the present of iron supplementation effect towards neonatal survival.
Kata kunci : Kematian Neonatal, Jarak Kelahiran, SDKI 2012
Infant Mortality Rate is one of development indicator from a nation. Neonatal mortality (0-28 days) accounts for more than half (59.4%) of infant mortality. Based on the 2012 IDHS data the neonatal mortality rate decreased by 41%, from 32/1000 live births in 1991 to 19/1000 live births in 2007. But in the last two periods, there are stagnant condition of neonatal mortality rate, which is 19/1000 live births in 2007 and 2012. One of the factors that can increase neonatal mortality is birth spacing. This study aims to know the relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of neonatal death. This research is an analysis of data of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) 2012. The research design is using case control study with the number of sample are 102 cases and 306 controls. Cases are infants who have neonatal death and the last child in a single labor. And control is a baby that lives past the age of 28 days. Multivariate analysis is using logistic regression showed that there was a significant difference of risk for neonatal mortality between mothers with birth spacing 78 months compared with 28-77 month of birth spacing. Mothers with birth spacing 78 months, mothers with birth spacing > 78 months had a risk of neonatal deaths of 1.95 times (95% CI: 1,126-3,368) compared with 28-77 months of birth spacing.
Keywords: Birth spacing, antenatal death, case control study, IDHS 2012
Angka kematian bayi akibat makrosomia meningkat 0,1% menurut Data Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2017. Sementara itu, komplikasi persalinan ibu meningkat dari 35% pada tahun 2012 menjadi 41% pada tahun 2017. Dengan menggunakan data dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia, penelitian ini menyelidiki hubungan antara pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care) dan variabel kejadian makrosomia dengan faktor pembaur (confounding) yakni Umur Ibu, Pekerjaan Ibu, Lokasi Tempat Tinggal Ibu, Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu, Status Sosial Ekonomi, Tempat Pemeriksaan saat kehamilan, dan Tenaga Pemeriksaan Kehamilan. Penelitian ini memakai metode penelitian kuantitatif observasional analitik melalui teknik cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan variabel dependen, yaitu kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan standar 10T yang dilakukan pada pasien ibu hamil dengan faktor konfounding-nya status pekerjaan ibu, daerah tempat tinggal ibu, dan tempat pemeriksaan kehamilan serta variabel interaksi antara daerah tempat tinggal dengan kuantitas ANC. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ibu yang tidak mendapatkan kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan yang sesuai standar berisiko 1,304 (95% CI 1,096-1,551) kali memiliki bayi makrosomia dibandingkan dengan ibu yang mendapatkan kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan yang sesuai standar. Pada faktor konfounding yang paling berisiko pada kejadian makrosomia adalah daerah tempat tinggal dengan POR=1,692 (95% CI 1,358- 2,109) artinya ibu yang tinggal di desa berisiko 1,692 kali memiliki bayi makrosomia dibandingkan ibu tinggal di kota. Kata kunci: Antenatal Care, Makrosomia, SDKI 2017
The infant mortality rate due to macrosomia increased by 0.1% according to the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey Data. Meanwhile, maternal birth complications increased from 35% in 2012 to 41% in 2017. Using data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey, this research investigate the relationship between antenatal care and macrosomia incidence variables with confounding factors, namely maternal age, maternal occupation, maternal residence location, maternal education level, socio-economic status, examination location during pregnancy, and prenatal examination personnel. This research uses quantitative observational analytical research methods using cross-sectional techniques. The results of the study show that the independent variable has a significant correlation with the dependent variable, namely the quality of pregnancy examinations with the 10T standard carried out on pregnant women with the confounding factors being the mother's employment status, the area where the mother lives, and the place of pregnancy examination as well as the interaction variable between regions. residence with ANC quantity. The results of the analysis show that mothers who do not receive quality pregnancy checks that meet standards have a 1.304 (95% CI 1.096-1.551) risk of having macrosomia babies compared to mothers who get quality pregnancy checks that meet standards. The confounding factor that is most at risk for the incidence of macrosomia is the area of residence with POR=1.692 (95% CI 1.358-2.109) meaning that mothers who live in villages are 1.692 times more likely to have macrosomia babies than mothers who live in cities. Keywords: Antenatal Care, Macrosomia, IDHS
Kematian neonatal dini merupakan penyumbang kematian bayi dan perinatal yang merupakan indikator derajat kesejahteraan dan kesehatan bangsa. Angka kematian bayi dan perinatal di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi dibanding negara Asia lainnya. Komplikasi kehamilan diduga menjadi faktor kuat kematian neonatal dini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh adanya komplikasi kehamilan dan setiap jenis komplikasi kehamilan serta ingin mengetahui PAR (Population Attributle Risk) terhadap kematian neonatal dini di Indonesia pada anak yang lahir 2002-2007 terhadap kematian neonatal dini setelah dikendalikan seluruh confounding. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah crossectional dengan analisis multivariat complex sample cox regression. Sampel penelitiansebanyak 13893 dari 33 provinsi Indonesia yang diambil dengan metode Stratified two-stage cluster design.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini dimodifikasi oleh berat lahir. Peneliti membuat dua model untuk membuktikan pengaruh komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini. Pada model pertama, PR komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini pada strata berat lahir <2000 gram sebesar 28,74 (95%CI: 10,21-81,02) PAR 13,92%, pada stratum ≥2000 gram sebesar PR 1,03 (95%CI: 0,32-3,34) PAR 11,94%. Pada model kedua, PR prematuritas memiliki risiko tertinggi PR 3,98 (95%CI 1,36-11,63) dengan PAR 8,1%. Diharapkan pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat berperan aktif dalam penurunan dan penanggulangan komplikasi kehamilan sedini mungkin dengan Antenatal care.
Early neonatal death is a contributor to infant and perinatal mortality that is an indicator of well-being and health degree in the nation. Infant and perinatal mortality rate in Indonesia is still higher than other Asian countries. Complications during pregnancy may be a strong factor of early neonatal death. This study want to determine how much influence and PAR of complication during pregnancy to early neonatal death in Indonesia after adjusted all confounding. This study used the cross-sectional design study with complex samples cox regression to multivariat analysis. There were 13893 respondents from 33 provinces in Indonesia were taken by stratified two-stage cluster sample technique.
The Results indicated that there are effect modification of Complication during pregnancy and birth weight to early neonatal death. This study created 2fixed models in multivariat analysis. In the first model, PR complication during pregnancy with birth weight <2000 gr 28,74(95%CI 10,21-81,02) PAR 13,92, complication during pregnancy with birth weight ≥2000 gr PR 1,03 (95%CI 0,32-3,34) PAR 11,94. In third model, only proven premature has significant to be early neonatal death risk with PR 3,98 (95%CI 1,36-11,63) PAR 8,1%. Health ministry and public can improve efectiveness of ANC to reduce complication during pregnancy and premature.
