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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB consists of 2 types, namely Drug Sensitive TB (SO) and Drug Resistant TB (RO). number of tuberculosis case discoveries in 2022 724,309; 711,778 cases of drug-sensitive TB (TB SO) and 12,531 cases of drug-resistant TB (TB RO). MDR TB is a type of RO TB which has an increasing number of new cases every year, estimated at 12% of MDR TB cases. Depression is a health problem where according to WHO depression is number 4 disease in the world. The prevalence of depression in TB and MDR TB patients was 43.4% (AOR, 10.8; 95% CI, 2.8–41.5). This study aims to analyze the relationship between TB classification and the incidence of depression using a retrospective cohort study design. The research results showed that the proportion of TB patients who experienced depression during treatment was higher in the MDR TB group, 93.1%, compared to the SO TB group, 17.0%. Multivariate results: MDR TB patients with MDR TB were 4.88 times more likely to experience depression during treatment compared to SO TB patients after controlling for comorbid variables. The p-value <0.001. This figure is smaller than alpha 0.05 so that the classification of MDR TB cases is statistically significantly related to the incidence of depression during treatment. Suggestions for implementing integration of mental health services in TB control programs so that it will be easy to do if an effective and low-cost integrated service model is available. Program and expansion of TB services with a guide to TB RO and TB SO treatment services through mental screening as one of the methods in TB treatment to minimize depression in TB patients.
Tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan penyakit menular yang menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian di dunia. Di Indonesia peningkatan jumlah kasus TBC dari tahun 2020-2022 sejalan dengan peningkatan kasus TBC anak. Peningkatan kasus TBC anak juga terjadi di Kabupaten Nagekeo dengan cakupan penemuan TBC anak di tahun 2022 yaitu 70%. Adanya pasien TBC anak merupakan indikator masih berlangsungnya penularan TBC di suatu komunitas. Anak yang kontak dengan penderita TBC dewasa sangat berisiko untuk terinfeksi TBC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan infeksi TBC pada anak di Kabupaten Nagekeo tahun 2020-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan analisis regresi logistik untuk mengestimasi risiko dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder pada Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Nagekeo. Dari 239 anak yang memiliki riwayat kontak dengan penderita TBC, sebesar 5.44% memiliki riwayat infeksi TBC. Dari hasil analisis multivariat, ditemukan bahwa anak 5 tahun lebih berisiko menderita TBC dibanding anak >5 tahun [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 5,74 (95% CI: 1,66 – 19,85]. Kontak dengan penderita TBC yang memiliki riwayat gagal berobat sebelumnya juga berasosiasi dengan peningkatan risiko infeksi TBC pada anak dibanding dengan kontak dengan pasien TBC baru [POR 5,17 (95%CI : 1,17 – 22,70)]. Upaya promotif dan preventif harus terus dilakukan dalam rangka pencegahan infeksi TBC pada anak dengan meningkatkan komunikasi informasi edukasi (KIE), pemberian Terapi Pencegahan TBC (TPT) kepada semua kontak anak terutama 5 tahun serta dukungan kepatuhan pengobatan kepada penderita TBC dan pengawas minum obat (PMO).
Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In Indonesia, the increase in the number of TB cases from 2020-2022 is in line with the increase in TB cases in children. An increase in cases of TB in children has also occurred in Nagekeo Regency with a coverage of TB detection in children in 2022, namely 70%. The presence of pediatric TB patients is an indicator of ongoing TB transmission in a community. Children who are in contact with adult TB patients are at high risk of becoming infected with TB. This study aims to determine the factors related to TB infection in children in Nagekeo Regency in 2020-2022. This study used a cross-sectional study design and logistic regression analysis to estimate the risk by utilizing secondary data from the Tuberculosis Information System of the Nagekeo District Health Office. Of the 239 children who had a history of contact with TB sufferers, 5.44% had a history of TB infection. From the results of multivariate analysis, it was found that children 5 years were more at risk of suffering from TB than children >5 years [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 5.74 (95% CI: 1.66 – 19.85). A history of previous treatment failures is also associated with an increased risk of TB infection in children compared to contacts with new TB patients [POR 5.17 (95% CI: 1.17 – 22.70)]. Promotive and preventive efforts must continue to be carried out in the context of preventing TB infection in children by increasing communication, information and education (CIE), providing TB Prevention Therapy (TPT) to all child contacts especially 5 years and supporting treatment adherence to TB patients and drugs taking supervisors (DTS).
Depresi menjadi salah satu masalah gangguan mental yang paling umum terjadi dan merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas di dunia terutama pada kelompok anak muda. Di Indonesia, prevalensi depresi tertinggi terjadi pada kelompok usia 15-24 tahun dan 61% diantaranya pernah berpikiran untuk mengakhiri hidup. Gaya hidup, termasuk pola makan, juga berperan dalam kejadian depresi. Saat ini, tren pola konsumsi makanan di Indonesia cenderung tidak sehat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada anak muda usia 15-24 tahun di Indonesia berdasarkan data SKI 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan stratifikasi berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, status ekonomi, wilayah tempat tinggal, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, dan konsumsi alkohol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan. Pola makan tidak sehat berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko depresi pada anak muda usia 15–24 tahun di Indonesia (OR=1,40; 95% CI: 1,21–1,61). Hubungan pola makan dan kejadian depresi ini dipengaruhi oleh kelompok usia dan wilayah tempat dengan hubungan yang kuat pada kelompok remaja usia 15-19 tahun dan tinggal di wilayah perkotaan. Pencegahan depresi pada anak muda perlu didukung dengan edukasi pola makan sehat dan peningkatan akses terhadap makanan sehat.
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems and a leading cause of disability worldwide, especially among young people. In Indonesia, the highest prevalence of depression occurs in the 15–24 age group, with 61% of them having experienced suicidal thoughts. Lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns, also play a role in the occurrence of depression. Currently, dietary consumption trends in Indonesia tend to be unhealthy. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of depression among young people aged 15–24 in Indonesia based on the 2023 SKI data. This cross-sectional study employs univariate, bivariate, and stratified analyses based on age, sex, socioeconomic status, residential area, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. The results show that unhealthy dietary patterns are significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in Indonesian youth aged 15–24 (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.21–1.61). The association was influenced by age group and region of residence with a strong association in youth aged 15-19 years and living in urban areas.. Although a higher risk of depression was also seen among alcohol consumers, this was not statistically significant. Prevention of depression in young people should be supported by education on healthy eating and improved access to healthy foods.
