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Many studies confirm that obesity is associated with the risk of type2 diabetes, but not many longitudinal studies have observed the incidence of obesity in type2 diabetes. This study aims to determine trends and determinant of obesity in type2 diabetes aged 35-65 years in Bogor City. A longitudinal design study using secondary data from Cohort Study of NCD year 2015-2017. Time series analysis for 3 years found that the trend of obesity prevalence in type2 diabetes decreased from 71.6%, 69.1%, to 64.2%. The trend of risk factors for the incidence of obesity, such as energy, fat intake and physical activity, increased significantly in 2017. The reduction in the prevalence of obesity is associated with changes in healthy lifestyle (intentional weight loss) and due to poor glycemic control or other disease (unintentional weight loss). The results of determinant analysis of the incidence of obesity are known in year 2015 fat intake is a dominant factor (OR:4.88; 95% CI:1.48-16.06) also influenced by gender, with carbohydrate intake as a confounder. In 2016 fat intake was a dominant factor (OR:5.71; 95% CI:1.48-22.03) also influenced by carbohydrate intake, with physical activity, stress, smoking habits and gender as a confounder. In 2017 carbohydrate intake was a dominant factor (OR:6.84; 95% CI:2.13- 21.98) with fat intake as a confounder.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease which the body can not use insulin for glucose metabolism. The disease is constantly increasing every year both in urban and rural communities. Unfortunately, diabetes mellitus can not be cured, only controlled.
Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2, kepatuhan diet, karakteristik individu, faktor psikososial
The level of dietary adherence in Indonesia is still low. Diet in maintaining food is often become an obstacles because the patient is still tempted by all food that can worsen their health. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was using a cross-sectional design. The samples studied were all type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 with the age range 25-65 years was outpatient, samples were taken with non-random sampling method with purposive sampling of 130 people. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, filling-out questionnaires, 1x24 hour food recall and dan (semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire) SFFQ form. The results showed 13.8% of respondents were diet-compliant. There were significant relationship between gender (p=0.008) and length of suffering (p=0.044) with between dietary adherence. The result of logistic regression test showed that the duration of suffering is the dominant factor associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were expected to pay attention to the diet recommended and carry it out well, to actively to improve the knowledge related to the disease diabetes mellitus and related to the other factors and still preserve diet that has been run for who has long been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary adherence, individual characteristics, psychosocial factors
ABSTRAK Nama : Nurchajatie Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul :Model Prediksi Perubahan Status Gizi Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUP Fatmawati Tahun 2018. Pembimbing : Ir. Ahmad Syafiq, M.Sc, Ph.d Status gizi kurang akibat malnutrisi rumah sakit merupakan penurunan status gizi karena kurangnya asupan atau daya terima makanan selama perawatan, dan menjadi masalah gizi pasien di rawat inap dan sering mendapat sorotan. Status gizi kurang seringkali dijadikan prediksi lama rawat pasien di rumah sakit. Malnutrisi rumah sakit atau penurunan status gizi selain akibat dari kekurangan asupan makanan, peningkatan kebutuhan sehubungan dengan kondisi penyakitnya dan juga kepuasan terhadap pelayanan gizi, umur, jenis kelamin, selera makan, dan kepatuhan diet. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui model prediksi perubahan status gizi pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian perubahan status gizi berdasarkan IMT rata-rata -0,2 ± 0,3 kg/m 2 . Dari hasil analisis regresi linier multivariate diperoleh model prediksi perubahan status gizi = - 0,764 + 0,004*Asupan Makan - 0,01*Kepatuhan diet – 0,014*Kepuasan terhadap pelayanan gizi + 0,011*Selera makan. Kesimpulan: Apabila asupan makan , nilai skor kepatuhan diet, nilai skor kepuasan terhadap pelayanan gizi serta nilai skor selera makan menurun, maka perubahan status gizi akan semakin negatif (menurun) dan asupan makan merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh dalam perubahan status gizi pasien DM tipe 2. Kata kunci: perubahan status gizi, diabetes melitus , malnutrisi rumah sakit.
ABSTRACT Name : Nurchajatie Study Program : Public Health Title : Prediction Model of the Change in Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Diabetes Melitus (type 2) Patients in Fatmawati General Hospital in 2018. Counsellor : Ir. Ahmad Syafiq, M.Sc, Ph.d Lack of nutrition caused by malnutrition during hospitalization is a decreasing nutritional status which is caused by lack of intake or the decreasing ability to accept food intake during hospitalization and become a nutrition problem for a patient of which often becomes focus of attention. Patient's lack of nutrition is often used to predict the length of treatment in the hospital. Malnutrition or decreasing nutrition status caused by lack of food intake, moreover caused by increasing need related to the condition of the sickness and also the satisfaction toward the services in nutrition provision, age, sex, appetite, and diet obedience. The main research objective is to know the model of prediction in the change of nutritional status of diabetes mellitus type 2. This research is an analytical observational research using cross sectional approach. The research result in the change of nutritional status is based on average IMT -0.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2. From the result of multivariate linear regression, it is obtained the prediction model of the change in nutritional status = -0.764 + 0.004*Food intake - 0.01*Diet obedience - 0.014*Satisfaction towards services in nutrition provision + 0.011*Appetite. Conclusion: if the food intake, the score of satisfaction towards services in nutrition provision, and the score of eating appetite are decreasing, then the change in nutritional status tends to be more negative (decreasing) and the food intake is an influential variable in the change of DM type 2 patient's nutritional status. Key words: change in nutritional status, diabetes mellitus, hospital malnutrition.