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Di Indonesia, prevalensi KEK pada ibu hamil meningkat dari 16,9% pada tahun 2018 menjadi 17% pada tahun 2023. Padahal, dalam rangka menekan angka KEK pada ibu hamil, pemerintah Indonesia sejak tahun 2014 menerapkan program intervensi gizi bagi ibu hamil diantaranya mengimplementasikan pemberian makanan tambahan sesuai bahan pangan lokal, pemberian tablet TTD, dan kelas ibu hamil. Meskipun program gizi dan kesehatan ibu telah lama diimplementasikan di Indonesia, masalah KEK pada ibu hamil masih menjadi salah satu bentuk malnutrisi yang belum tertangani secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiiko KEK pada ibu hamil berdasarkan data SKI 2023. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan sampel ibu hamil yang berada pada kehamilan trimester 3 dan menggunakan uji regresi logsitik sederhana untuk analisis bivariat. Dari 5.055 ibu hamil yang berhasil disurvey, terdapat 1.383 data yang eligible untuk digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat 153 (11,1%) ibu hamil dengan risiko KEK. Provinsi dengan kasus ibu hamil risiko KEK terbanyak di Indonesia adalah Jawa Tengah sebanyak 103 kasus (7,2%) sedangkan provinsi dengan kasus terendah adaalah Papua Pegunungan sebanyak 3 kasus (0,2%). Status sosial ekonomi keluarga terendah (OR 2,13; 95% CI 1,28 – 3,54), konsumsi buah ≤ 3 kali per bulan (OR 0,26; 95% CI 1,15 – 5,94), dan mengalami stres (OR 3,17; 95% CI 1,03 – 9,75) adalah faktor risiko yang berasosiasi dengan risiko KEK pada ibu hamil. Selain itu, faktor yang menunjukkan protektif terhadap risiko KEK pada ibu hamil adalah berumur > 35 tahun (OR 0,37; 95% CI 0,18 – 0,76). Oleh karena itu, program bantuan bagi keluarga ibu hamil miskin mampu mendukung pencegahan risiko KEK pada ibu hamil.
In Indonesia, the prevalence of CED among pregnant women increased from 16.9% in 2018 to 17% in 2023. In fact, in order to reduce the rate of CED in pregnant women, the Indonesian government since 2014 has implemented nutrition intervention programmes for pregnant women including implementing supplementary feeding according to local food ingredients, providing TTD tablets, and pregnant women's classes. Although nutrition and maternal health programmes have long been implemented in Indonesia, the problem of CED in pregnant women is still one of the forms of malnutrition that has not been effectively addressed. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women based on SKI 2023 data. The design of this study was cross sectional with a sample of pregnant women who were in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and used simple logistic regression test for bivariate analysis. Of the 5,055 pregnant women surveyed, 1,393 were eligible to be used in this study. The results of this study showed that there were 153 (11.1%) pregnant women at risk of CED. The province with the most cases of pregnant women at risk of CED in Indonesia was Central Java with 103 cases (7.2%) while the province with the lowest cases was Papua Mountains with 3 cases (0.2%). Lowest family socioeconomic status (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.28 - 3.54), fruit consumption ≤ 3 times per month (OR 0.26; 95% CI 1.15 - 5.94), and experiencing stress (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.03 - 9.75) were risk factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women. In addition, the factor that showed protective against the risk of CED in pregnant women was being > 35 years old (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.18 - 0.76). Therefore, the assistance programme for families of poor pregnant women can support the prevention of the risk of CED in pregnant women.
Energy and other nutrients need are increase during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. Malnutrition is not just a lack of food but also a combination of several factors such as inadequate consumption of protein, energy and micronutrients, the presence of infectious diseases, inadequate health services, poor water and sanitation. Pregnant women with poor nutritional status will experience nutritional problems such as chronic energy deficiency (CED). Pregnant women who have a risk of CED are having mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 23.5 cm. Pregnant women who are at risk of CED are expected to have LBW babies. The purpose of this study was to determine the related factors of chronic energy deficiency risk on pregnant women in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design using secondary data from basic health research in 2018. The sample of this study was 3,341 respondents of third trimester pregnant women. Data were analyzed using Cox Regression to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) the related factors of chronic energy deficiency with a Confident Interval (CI95%) to see significance. The prevalence of CED risk on pregnant women in Indonesia is 14.9%. The results of multivariat analysis showed that the related factors of CED risk were number of family members > 4 peoples ( PR 1.388; CI95% 1.1611.661), rural residance (PR 1.337; CI95% 1.111-1.608), multigravida (PR 0.604; CI95% 0.503-0.726) and grandemultigravida (PR 0.722; CI95% 0.515-1.011). It is recomendet that the goverment provide nutrition consultasy services at the public health center, counseling by midwives in village, limiting the number of children in the community started with labor and empowering communities especially in rural areas.
Kurangnya aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang sering kali tidak disadari. Data WHO menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 85% remaja Indonesia kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik. Masa remaja penting sebagai tahap awal pembentukan kebiasaan aktivitas fisik agar kebiasaan ini dapat terbawa hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat aktivitas fisik serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik kurang pada remaja dan dewasa muda di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data berasal dari SKI 2023, dengan sampel sebanyak 164.061 individu usia 10–24 tahun. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji regresi logistik sederhana, serta multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik. Sebanyak 40,4% responden beraktivitas fisik kurang. Aktivitas fisik kurang berasosiasi dengan usia muda 10-17 tahun (PR = 1,54; 95%CI = 1,5156 – 1,5595), jenis kelamin perempuan (PR = 1,12; 95%CI = 1,1060 – 1,1330), tidak bekerja/bersekolah (PR = 1,13; 95%CI = 1,1340 – 1,1650), dan IMT underweight (PR = 1,09; 95%CI = 1,0642 – 1,1081). Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara status ekonomi dengan aktivitas fisik dalam model akhir pada penelitian ini. Aktivitas fisik kurang masih menjadi masalah signifikan pada remaja dan dewasa muda di Indonesia. Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan/sekolah, dan IMT berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi tingkat aktivitas fisik. Diperlukan intervensi yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik demografis untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik kelompok usia muda.
Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), yet it often goes unnoticed. WHO data indicate that more than 85% of Indonesian adolescents engage in insufficient physical activity. Adolescence is a critical period for establishing physical activity habits that may carry into adulthood. This study aims to analyze physical activity levels and associated factors contributing to physical inactivity among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia, based on the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was employed. Data were drawn from SKI 2023, comprising a sample of 164,061 individuals aged 10–24 years. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using simple logistic regression, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression to identify associated factors. A total of 40.4% of respondents were classified as having physical inactivity. Insufficient activity was associated with younger age (10–17 years) (PR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.5156 – 1.5595), female gender (PR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.1060 – 1.1330), being unemployed or not in school (PR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.1340 – 1.1650), and underweight BMI (PR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.0642 – 1.1081). No significant association was found between economic status and physical activity in the final model of this study. Physical inactivity remains a significant issue among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Age, gender, occupational/school status, and nutritional status (BMI) play a key role in influencing physical activity levels. Targeted interventions tailored to demographic characteristics are needed to improve physical activity in younger age groups.
Masalah Kurang Energi Protein masih merupaknn masalah gizi utama di Indonesia dan dapat ditemui pada sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia termasuk DKI Jakarta. Wilayah Jakarta Timur akan menjadi salah satu wilayah kczja World Vision Intemational dalam proram yang discbut FAST UP .(Food Aid Supporting Transformation in Urban Populations). Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk meningkatkan status gizi dan kesehatan ibu dan balita di wilayah tersebut dengan berbagai intervcnsi seperti memperbaiki status gizi balita KHP (Kurang Encrgi Protein), meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang gizi dan kesehatan, memperkuat pelayanan kcschatan setempat dan memperbaiki fasilitas air dan sanitasi. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari survey yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2005 di Jakarta Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KEP pada balita umur 6-59 bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 5 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur yaim kecamaan Jatinegara, Kramat Jati, Duren Sawit, Pulo Gadung dan Matraman. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dimana varlabel dependen adalah status gizi (KEP) balita, sedangkan umur, jenis keiamin, penyakit infeksi, status vitamin A, status imunisasi, jumlah jenis makanan, tingkat pendidikan ibu, tingkat pengeluaran keluarga menjadi variabel independen Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah balita usia 6-59 bulan yang tinggal di 5 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur. Pengambiian sampel dilakukan dengan metode klastcr 2 tahap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi balita KEP bcrdasarkan berat badan menurut umur adalah 26,69%. Dari basil analisis bivariat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi (KEP) balita adalah umur balita, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan tingkat pengeluafan rumahtangga. Dari hasil analisis multivariat dengan regrcsi llogistik, faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KEP adalah umur balita dan tingkat pengeluaran keluarga. Untuk pengeluaran rumah tangga, keluarga dengan tingkat pengeluaran dibawah Rp 700.000 /bulan memiliki peluang terbesar untuk memiliki anak KEP dengan nilai OR=2,50 (95% CI: 1,30-4,80). Sedangkan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KEP adalah umur balita, khususnya balita umur 12-23 bulan dimana balita umur 12-23 bulan berpeluang untuk mengalami KEP sebesar 3,33 kali dibanding balita umur 6-ll bulan. Nilai OR -= 3,33 (95% Cl: 1,68-6,62). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah proporsi KE? balita di Jakarta Timur terrnasuk tinggi dan faktor-falctor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KEP adalah umur balita dan tingkat pengeluaran rumahtangga. Faktor umur balita, klfnususnya umur 12-23 bulan adalah yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KEP. Untuk itu disarankan agar pelaksanaan program intervensi gizi dan kesehatan difokuskan pada kelompok yang paling rentan dengan peningkatan kerjasama dan koordinasi dengan instansi kesehatan setempat, pengembangan program pcrbailcan gizi yang dapat menjangkau sebanyak mungkin balita, pengembangan program prornosi kesehatan sebagai upaya pencegahan, penyalumn bantuan untuk keluarga yang memiliki_ anak KEP, peningkatan keterampilan dan program padat karya.
Malnutrition is still a major problem in Indonesia and can be found in most area in Indonesia including DKI Jakarta. World Vision lntemational (WVI) conduct a program called FAST UP (Food Aid Supporting Transformation in Urban Populations) and East Jakarta will be included in its scope of work. The objective of the program is to increase the nutritional status and the health of mother and under five children in the region, by doing some intervention such as improving nutrition status of under Eve children, improving community knowledge about nutrition and health, strengthening local health services and improving water and sanitation facility. This research is part of the survey that has been conducted on September 2005. The objective of the research is to identify factors related to protein energy malnutrition of under five children. This research is conducted in 5 sub districts in East Jakarta: Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramat Jati, Pulo Gadung and Matraman. The method used in this research is-a cross sectional, with nutrition status as dependent variable; while age, sex, infection disease, vitamin A status, immunization status, number of food consumption, mother educational level, family expenses rate as independent variable. The subject of this research is children age 6-59 months living in 5 sub districts in East Jakarta. This research use 2 stage cluster sampling method. The result shows that the proportion of malnourished children is 26,69%. Bivariate analysis shows that factors related to nutritional status of under tive children are childrens age, mother educational level and family expsnses rate. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression shows that factors related to malnutrition are children?s age and family expenses rate. The most significant factor is children`s age, especially between 12-23 months old, which has the probability of 3.33 times to have malnutrition compared to infants age 6-11 months, OR value = 3.33 (95% CI: 1,68 - 6,62). As for the family expenses rate, children from family with the expenses below Rp.700.000/month has the biggest chance to have malnutrition, OR value = 2,50 (95% Cl: l,30-4,80). In conclusion, the proportion of malnutrition in underiive children in East Jakarta is high, with ehildren`s age and family expenses rate as the significant factors. Children aged 12-23 month is the most dominant factor related to malnutrition. lt is recommended that the intervention program on nutrition and health is focused on the most vulnerable groups by intensifying coordination and cooperation wjith local health providers, enhancing nutrition improvement program that involve almost malnutrition children, enhancing health promotion program as prevention from malnutrition, supporting family with malnutrition children, skill improvement and mass-vocation program.
Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di wilayah timur Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria di Tanah Papua berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional analitik dengan pendekatan kasus dan non-kasus. Data berasal dari SKI 2023 yang mencakup 37.036 responden dari wilayah Papua. Kasus didefinisikan sebagai individu yang mengalami malaria dalam
Malaria remains a public health issue in eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with malaria incidence in Tanah Papua based on data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI 2023). The study employed an analytical cross-sectional design with a case and non-case approach. The data were drawn from SKI 2023 and included 37,036 respondents from the Papua region. A malaria case was defined as an individual who had experienced malaria within the past month. Analyses were conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods with logistic regression to calculate the Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). The malaria prevalence was recorded at 4.80%. Factors significantly associated with malaria incidence included education level, type of occupation, household size, and interactions between age and sex, ventilation and bed net use, as well as age and mosquito repellent use. The strongest association was observed in the interaction between age and sex, in which males aged over 46 years had 2.85 times higher odds of having malaria compared to female children under five years. Malaria incidence in Tanah Papua remains high and is influenced by a complex interplay of individual characteristics and environmental factors, including preventive behaviors.