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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia shows a fluctuating pattern and tends to increase every three years. Depok City ranked second in terms of the highest number of DHF cases in West Java. Environmental factors such as climate, vector density, and population density were suspected to play a role in the spread of this disease. This study aimed to spatially identify the association between environmental factors (temperature, rainfall, humidity, House Index [HI], Larvae Free Index [ABJ], and population density) and DHF incidence in each sub-district of Depok City from 2022 to 2024. This study employed an ecological design with a spatial approach. Secondary data were obtained from the Depok City Health Office, the Depok City Statistics Agency, and NASA. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS and GeoDa to calculate spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I and LISA). The mapping results showed a significant increase in DHF cases in 2024. LISA analysis indicated spatial clustering among climate factors, vector indices, population density, and DHF incidence in several sub-districts. It was concluded that there were specific areas that should be prioritized for disease control interventions.
Kata kunci: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Kepadatan Penduduk, Iklim, ABJ, Analisis Spasial.
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes who infected with dengue virus. DHF have been affecting more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Around 1.8 billion (more than 70%) of the population at risk of dengue fever worldwide live in countries of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific Region, including Indonesia. In 2016, DKI Jakarta was assigned the status of outbreak of DHF, with a total of 22,697 cases and an incidence rate (IR) of 220.8 per 100,000 population. West Jakarta is one of the regions with the highest DHF incidence rate compared to other cities in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to determine the spatial analysis of the incidence of dengue in West Jakarta in 2015-2019 by considering several factors such as demographics, climate, and larval free index. This study uses an ecological study with a spatial analysis approach and correlation analysis to see the strength of the relationship between the incidence of DHF with factors of population density, climate, and larvae free index. Spatially the incidence of DHF tends to occur in areas with high density and low larvae free index. Statistically, correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between population density, air humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation between the air temperature and larvae free index with the incidence of DHF in West Jakarta. Result shows that from 56 urban villages in West Jakarta, there are 53 urban villages that are categorized as high vulnerability, and 3 urban villages categorized as medium vulnerability. The high problem of dengue cases in West Jakarta makes the authorities should increase efforts or planning and optimize community empowerment in eradicating dengue cases.
Keywords: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Population Density, Climate, Larvae Free Index, Spatial Analysis.
Penyalkit demam berdarah merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, yang cenderung semakin Iuas distribusinya sejalan dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Seluruh wilayah Indonwia mempunyai resiko untuk kejangkitan penyakit DBD, dikarenakan memiliki koudisi lingkungan yang sama sebagai kesatuan wilayah ekologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kejadian demam berdarah dengan lingkungan fisik mmah meliputi lingkungan dalam rumah, linglcungan luar mmah. Suhu, pencahayaan, kelembaban dan keberadaan jentik sedangkan karakteristik individu meliputi umur, pendidikan, perilaku , pengctahuan. Rancangan penelitian ini adalalah kasus kontrol dengan menggunakan analitik. Sebagai rcspondennya adalah orang yang terkena penyakit DBD yang telah di diagnosis doktcr dan uji laboratolium IgG dan IgM , sorta kontrol adalah tetanga penderita di wilayah Kota metro, dcngan jumlah 100 kasus dan 100 kontrol. Data di ambil dengau wawancara, obscrvasi dan melakukan pengukuran. Data-data yang terkumpul di olah dengan tahapan editing data, coding data, entry data, cleaning data. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji kai kudrat, dan multivamiat dengan regresi logistik. Di dapatkan hasil akhir ada hubungan yang bcrmakna antara kejadian DBD dengan keheradaan jentik, kejadian DBD dcngan umur, kejadian DBD dengan kelembaban dan kejadian DBD dengan pendidikan. Faktor yang dominan terhadap kejadian DBD adalah faktor jentik. Dari hasil yang di dapat disarankan pada pemerintah daerah untuk dapat melihat kcberadaan jentik melalui Angka bebas jentik, indeks house dan kontainer serta melaksanakan trias UKS pada anak sckolah yaim pendidikan kesehatan, pelayanan keschatan dan pembinaan lingkungan sekolah sehat scrta mcmbuat prioritas program pada daerah endemik, pendidikan rcndah Serta daerah yang banyak anak-anak. Sedangkan pada Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas diharapkan ada kerjasama dengan BMG, melaksanakan pendidikan kesehatan melalui kader dan melaksanakan 3 M secara intensif, dan untuk peneliti diharaikan ada penelitian lebih lanjut.
Dengue Fever is one of public health problems in Indonesia, its distribution tends to wider due to the increaseing of mobility and population density. All of Indonesian’s area is having risk of dengue fever infection, because it has similar environmental condition as united of ecological zone. The research aimed to know the relation between dengue fever case with housing environment covers internal house environment (indoor), extemal house environment (outdoor), temperature, lighting, humidity and mosquito larva existence while respondent characteristic covers age, education, behavior, and knowledge. The research methodology is analytical case control. People who have been diagnose having dengue fever by the doctor and IgG and IgM laboratory test as respondents I case, while control is the neighbor of the patient at Metro City, there is 100 case and 100 control. Data collected by interview, observation and measurement. The collected data processed with several steps: data editing, data coding, data entry, and data cleaning. Furthermore it analyzed with univariate analysis and bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression. The research final result show that there is a significant relation between; dengue fever case with mosquito larva existence, dengue fever case with age, dengue fever case with humidity, and dengue fever case with education. The most dominant factor toward dengue fever case is the mosquito larva. From the obtained result its suggest to the government to observe the mosquito larva trough the mosquito larva level, housing index and container and held the Trias UKS at school; health services, health education, and the founding of school environmental and make priority programs at endemic area, low education, and children areas. While the Health Department and Public Health Center expected to cooperate with BMG, to held health education trough forming of cadre and conduct 3M intensively and to conduct further research.