Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) seringkali menghadapi tantangan dalam pengelolaan sanitasi lingkungan akibat kelebihan kapasitas (overcrowding), kondisi bangunan yang sudah tua, dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Lapas Kelas I Cipinang merupakan salah satu Lapas besar di Jakarta yang mengalami overcrowding dengan menampung 2.516 penghuni, melebihi kapasitas ideal 880 orang. Kondisi ini berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyakit berbasis lingkungan di dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi lingkungan dan pelaksanaan manajemen sanitasi di Lapas Kelas I Cipinang pada tahun 2025, meliputi penyediaan air bersih, kondisi bangunan dan ruangan sel, pengelolaan sampah, penanganan limbah cair, dan penanganan vektor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan dokumentasi. Responden penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling yang terdiri dari Kepala Seksi Perawatan Narapidana, Kepala Seksi Bimbingan Kerja, dan Kepala Subbagian Umum. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis konten. Informasi yang didapatkan adalah penyediaan air bersih masih mengandalkan air tanah dari sumur bor yang didistribusikan melalui toren-toren di setiap blok hunian, sementara air minum dipasok vendor eksternal. Kondisi bangunan menunjukkan tanda-tanda penuaan dengan seluruh tipe kamar mengalami overkapasitas. Pengelolaan sampah dilakukan secara sederhana dengan pemilahan terbatas pada sampah botol plastik dan kardus. Produksi sampah melebihi kuota pengangkutan enam ton per hari. Penanganan limbah cair menggunakan septic tank dan IPAL sederhana, dengan sebagian fasilitas tidak berfungsi optimal. Penanganan vektor dilakukan secara terbatas dengan metode fisik dan pembentukan tim jumantik. Meskipun upaya manajemen sanitasi telah dilakukan, Lapas Kelas I Cipinang masih menghadapi tantangan signifikan akibat overkapasitas, keterbatasan anggaran, infrastruktur yang sudah tua, dan kesadaran penghuni yang bervariasi terhadap kebersihan lingkungan. Diperlukan peningkatan kesadaran penghuni, kerja sama dengan instansi terkait, optimalisasi pengelolaan sampah, dan perbaikan infrastruktur untuk meningkatkan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan di Lapas.

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Correctional facilities often face challenges in managing environmental sanitation due to overcrowding, aging infrastructure, and limited resources. Cipinang Class I Correctional Institution is one of the major facilities in Jakarta experiencing severe overcrowding, housing 2,516 inmates despite having an ideal capacity of only 880. This condition potentially increases the risk of environment-based disease inside the corrective institution. This study aims to analyze the environmental conditions and implementation of sanitation management at Cipinang Class I Correctional Institution in 2025, encompassing clean water supply, building and cell conditions, waste management, wastewater treatment, and vector control. This research employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling, comprising the Head of Inmate Care Section, Head of Work Guidance Section, and Head of General Affairs Sub-section. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis technique. Informations obtained from the field are, clean water provision still relies on groundwater from bore wells distributed through storage tanks in each residential block, while drinking water is supplied by external vendors. Building conditions show signs of deterioration with all cell types experiencing overcapacity. Waste management is conducted simply with limited segregation of plastic bottles and cardboard. Waste production exceeds the daily collection quota of 6 tons. Wastewater treatment utilizes septic tanks and basic Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), with some facilities not functioning optimally. Vector control is limited to physical methods and the establishment of mosquito monitoring teams. Despite sanitation management efforts, Cipinang Class I Correctional Institution continues to face significant challenges due to overcrowding, budget constraints, aging infrastructure, and varying levels of environmental hygiene awareness among inmates. Enhanced inmate awareness programs, collaboration with relevant agencies, optimization of waste management, and infrastructure improvements are necessary to improve environmental sanitation conditions in the facility.

Penyakit berbasis lingkungan seperti ISPA, diare, dan infeksi kulit masih banyak ditemukan di lingkungan dengan sanitasi buruk dan kebersihan diri yang rendah, termasuk di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara personal hygiene, kondisi sanitasi lingkungan, dan kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan pada warga binaan LPKA Kelas II Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 31 orang dan diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan observasi, serta dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara lama masa tinggal dengan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan, diare, dan ISPA (p≤0,05). Disarankan adanya peningkatan edukasi terkait kebersihan diri dan perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan di LPKA guna menurunkan risiko penyakit.

Environmental-based diseases are often found in environments with poor sanitation and low personal hygiene, including in Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). This study aims to examine the relationship between personal hygiene, environmental sanitation conditions, and housing density with the incidence of environmentally based diseases among the residents of LPKA Kelas II Jakarta. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 31 participants selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between length of stay and the incidence of environmentally based diseases, including diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (p≤0.05). It is recommended to enhance education on personal hygiene and improve environmental sanitation in LPKA to reduce disease risk.

PM2.5 are fine particulate matters smaller than 2.5 micrometres that can be inhaled deep into the lungs’ alveoli and enter the bloodstream. In 2023, Bogor City recorded the highest average PM2.5 concentration in Indonesia. SMA X Kota Bogor is a high school located in the center of Bogor City, adjacent to a major road with high traffic volume, making it potentially exposed to PM2.5 emissions from motor vehicles. Given the heavy traffic, there is concern that ambient PM2.5 particles may infiltrate classrooms during teaching activities. PM2.5 exposure poses risks to students' cognitive function and respiratory health due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs. This study aims to estimate the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure among students at SMA X Kota Bogor in 2025 using an Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. PM2.5 concentrations were measured in classrooms using the SORA (Sensor Observasi Udara) device, and anthropometric and activity data were collected from 94 students. Conducted in April-June 2025, the study found that the average PM2.5 concentration (24.79 µg/m3) was below the threshold set by Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023 (25 µg/m3). Risk Quotient (RQ) calculations showed RQ ≤ 1 for all samples and individuals, indicating no significant health risk. 

Perilaku resiko tinggi terinfeksi HIV pada narapidana pria terdiri dari perilaku seksual dan perilaku penggunaan jarum tidak steril bergantian. Untuk memperoleh model yang dapat menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku resiko sangat tinggi terinfeksi HIV, yaitu perilaku seksual, perilaku penggunaan NAZA-IV dan perilaku pembuatan tattoo maka dilakukan penelitian dengan rancangan Cross Sectional dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada narapidana dan petugas selama bulan November dan Desember 2002 di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas 1 Cipinang. Dari 100 responden narapidana didapatkan 100 % berperilaku seksual resiko tinggi, 55 % berperilaku membuat tattoo dengan jarum tidak steril bergantian, 3 % menggunakan NAZA-IV bergantian. 55 % narapidana berada pada kelompok resiko sangat tinggi terinfeksi HIV, usia 30 tahun atau kurang 71 %, pendidikan SLP atau ke bawah 53 %, belum menikah 61 %, jenis pelanggaran hukum NAZA dan pemerkosaan 67 %, lama menghuni lapas di atas setahun 44 %, usia hubungan seks pertama di bawah atau 20 tahun 71 %, pernah mengalami PMS setahun terakhir 52 %, pengetahuan buruk 64 %. Hasil analisa bivariat, terdapat delapan variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan perilaku resiko sangat tinggi terinfeksi HIV yaitu usia, tingkat pendidikan, status pernikahan, jenis pelanggaran hukum, lama di dalam lapas, usia hubungan seks pertama, pernah alami PMS setahun terakhir dan pengetahuan responden. Analisis multivariat diantara delapan variabel yang menjadi model, ternyata terdapat lima variabel yang berhubungan secara bermakna, yaitu umur, lama di dalam lapas, jenis pelanggaran hukum, usia hubungan seks pertama, pengetahuan narapidana, tanpa adanya interaksi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku seks yang dilakukan narapidana di lapas adalah homoseks baik secara sukarela ataupun dipaksa, tanpa menggunakan kondom. Seluruh responden merasa tidak senang hidup terpisah dari wanita. Berdasarkan penelitian ternyata NAZA dapat melewati sistem Lapas Cipinang, dan narapidana dapat melanjutkan perilaku IDU di dalam lapas. Perilaku pembuatan tattoo banyak dilakukan oleh narapidana dengan menggunakan jarum dan tinta tidak steril bergantian. Jumlah penghuni overkapasitas. Studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa sistem pemasyarakatan menempatkan narapidana dalam kelompok resiko sangat tinggi terinfeksi HIV, hampir seluruh responden menyadari mereka dapat terinfeksi HIV selama tinggal di lapas. Pengkajian terhadap sumber daya (dana, tenaga, dan sarana) belum maksimal, masih menunggu atau tidak pro aktif. Pengetahuan kepala dan petugas lapas masih kurang tentang infeksi HIV. Sebagai saran untuk mengantisipasi dan mencegah penularan infeksi HIV , jangka pendek : meningkatkan penyuluhan tentang cara penularan dan pencegahan infeksi HIV, pelatihan kepada kepala dan petugas lapas, diusahakan penyediaan kondom di lapas, disediakan ruangan khusus di lapas untuk melakukan hubungan seks narapidana yang memiliki istri yang syah dan berkumpul dengan anaknya, disediakan disinfekstan untuk mensterilkan jarum, perlu dibuat lapas khusus NAZA, dipersiapkan program harm reduction, perlu dianggarkan dana operasional RS lapas, perlu dibuat RS khusus untuk narapidana HIV + di lapas besar seperti di Cipinang, serta UU Republik Indonesia No. 12 tahun 1995 Tentang Pemasyarakatan perlu direvisi. Jangka panjang ditingkatkan kerjasama lintas program dan lintas sektoral dalam penanganan narapidana sebagai salah satu sumber daya manusia Indonesia.

The Very High Risk Behavior Infected of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on The Male Prisoners at the Cipinang Prison Class 1 In 2002The high risk behavior of HIV infected for man prisoner are consist of sex behavior and user of unsterile hypodermic needle by turns. For getting model to explain factors of high risk behavior of HIV infected, that sex behavior, intravenous drug user behavior and tattoo making behavior, so we do the research by cross sectional structure with quantitative and qualitative method to prisoner and the official in charge for November and December 2002 in the class I prison in Cipinang. From 100 respondents of prisoners get 100 % high risk sex behavior, 55 % tattoo making by unsterile needle by turns, 3 % IDU by turns. Prisoner with very high risk infected HIV 55%, 30 years or less 71%, secondary school or under 53%, single 61%, drug offenses and rapes 67%, having punishment above one year 44%, sex relations under or 20 years 71%, having STD experience one last year 52%, bad experience 64%. Based on the analyze of bi-variances has been founded eight variables of meaningful relationship between very high risk behavior namely with ages, education level, marital status, the kind of offenses, the staying duration in prison, the first sex relations, experiencing STD, the knowledge. The analysis multi-variance among eight variances becoming a model was founded five variables meaningfully related, namely; age, duration of staying in the prison, kind of offense, age of first sexual relations, prisoner's knowledge without having interactions. The research showed that the sex behavior conducted by prisoners in the prison is homosexual either being voluntarily or forced without condom. All respondents did not feel comfortable separated from woman, Based on the research was appeared that drug could pass (across) the Cipinang Prison System, and prisoners could follow the IDU behavior in the prison. The prisoners often make tattoo by using the unsterile injection and ink in turn. Overcapacity inmate. This study shows that Sistem Pemasyarakatan to place the prisoners are in very high risk infected HIV, almost all respondents realize that they may be infected HIV during living in the Prison. The study about resources (funds, power, and facilities) is not maximal yet, it is still waiting not proactive. Headmaster's and official free lance's acknowledge are still minim about HIV infection. In order to anticipate and prevent the HIV infection could be suggested, in the short-term, to provide enough information about the infection and how to prevent HIV infection, it need training for headmaster and official freelances, to prepare condom in the prison, to prepare the special room in the prison for whom have a legal wife and children, to prepare the disinfectant to sterilize the needle, then it is necessary to prepare a special prison for drug, to prepare harm reduction program. Furthermore, it is necessary to plan a budget in operating prison hospital and preparing a special hospital for HIV prisoners + big prison like Cipinang Prison, it is necessary to revise UU Republik Indonesia No. 12 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pemasyarakatan. In the long-term, it is necessary to create a collaboration inter-program and inter-sectors in handling the prisoners as one of human resources. Bibliography: 54 (1978-2003)

Petugas tempat pengolahan sampah berbasis reuse, reduce, dan recycle (TPS 3R) merupakan kelompok pekerja yang berisiko tinggi mengalami penyakit akibat kerja seperti diare karena sering berkontak langsung dengan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik individu, personal hygiene, dan kondisi lingkungan terhadap kejadian diare pada petugas TPS 3R di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan melibatkan 62 responden dari 12 lokasi TPS 3R. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan observasi, lalu dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa kerja (p=0,033; OR=5,077; 95% CI: 1,138–22,650), penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) (p=0,004; OR=0,150; 95% CI: 0,042–0,541), dan keberadaan vektor penular penyakit (p=0,038; OR=3,600; 95% CI: 1,075–12,059) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian diare. Sementara itu, variabel usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, serta beberapa indikator personal hygiene dan kondisi lingkungan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penguatan perilaku penggunaan APD dan pengendalian vektor menjadi langkah penting dalam upaya pencegahan diare pada petugas TPS 3R.

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Waste management facility based on reuse, reduce, and recycle principles or tempat pengolahan sampah reuse, reduce, and recylce (TPS 3R) workers are a high-risk occupational group for work-related diseases such as diarrhea due to frequent direct contact with waste. This study aims to examine the relationship between individual characteristics, personal hygiene, and environmental conditions with the incidence of diarrhea among TPS 3R workers in DKI Jakarta Province. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed involving 62 respondents from 12 TPS 3R sites. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations and analyzed using chi-square tests. The results showed significant associations between diarrhea incidence and work duration (p=0.033; OR=5.077; 95% CI: 1.138–22.650), use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (p=0.004; OR=0.150; 95% CI: 0.042–0.541), and the presence of disease vectors (p=0.038; OR=3.600; 95% CI: 1.075–12.059). Meanwhile, variables such as age, gender, education level, and several indicators of personal hygiene and environmental conditions showed no significant associations. These findings highlight the importance of promoting protective equipment usage and vector control as key measures to prevent diarrhea among TPS 3R workers.

Kampung Muka, terletak di Kelurahan Ancol, Jakarta Utara, menjadi lokasi penelitian karena adanya dugaan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan PM2,5, seperti yang juga ditemukan di wilayah lain di DKI Jakarta. Studi sebelumnya di Kepulauan Seribu, Jalan Daan Mogot, dan Terminal Kampung Rambutan menunjukkan nilai RQ>1, menandakan potensi bahaya kesehatan akibat polusi udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi risiko kesehatan pada balita yang tinggal di Kampung Muka akibat pajanan PM2,5. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan pengukuran di empat titik sampling dan melibatkan 81 responden. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 di Kampung Muka, setelah dikonversi menjadi pajanan 24 jam dengan metode Canter, masih di bawah baku mutu yang merujuk pada PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 44,4 µg/m³. Karakterisasi risiko rata-rata realtime dan lifetime menunjukkan RQ1 pada penghitungan pajanan realtime individu, berkisar antara 1,010 hingga 2,257 di beberapa titik. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya potensi risiko kesehatan pada kelompok balita meskipun rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5masih memenuhi standar, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan lanjutan.

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Kampung Muka, located in Ancol Sub-district, North Jakarta, was chosen as the study site due to suspected health risks from PM2.5 exposure, similar to findings in other areas of DKI Jakarta. Previous studies conducted in Kepulauan Seribu, Daan Mogot Road, and Kampung Rambutan Terminal reported RQ values greater than 1, indicating potential health hazards from air pollution. This study aimed to estimate health risks among toddlers living in Kampung Muka due to PM2.5 exposure. The research used an Environmental Health Risk Assessment design, with PM2.5 measurements taken at four sampling points and involving 81 respondents. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Kampung Muka, after conversion to 24-hour exposure using the Canter method, remained below the quality standard set by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (≤55 µg/m³), with the highest value recorded at 44.4 µg/m³. Risk characterization for average realtime and lifetime exposure indicated RQ values below 1. However, eight toddlers were found to have individual realtime RQ values greater than 1, ranging from 1.010 to 2.257 at various points. These findings suggest potential health risks among toddlers, even though the average PM2.5 concentration still meets regulatory standards, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.