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Latar belakang: Inisiasi seksual adalah indikator utama dari kesehatan dan kesejahteraan seksual remaja. Sebagai kejadian transisi pada hidup individu, inisiasi seksual idealnya terjadi secara terencana atas persetujuan seluruh pihak yang melakukannya dengan relasi yang setara. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai risiko yang menyertai inisiasi seksual, terutama apabila dilakukan pada usia yang lebih awal.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan gambaran dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan inisiasi seksual pada remaja laki-laki dan remaja perempuan di Indonesia.
Metode: Dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang, penelitian ini melakukan analisis chi square dan regresi logistik terhadap 6.005 sampel remaja berusia 13 s.d. 17 tahun yang diperoleh dari Survei Nasional Pengalaman Hidup Anak dan Remaja Tahun 2024. Terdapat tiga belas variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, yaitu inisiasi seksual sebagai variabel dependen; gender sebagai variabel penstratifikasi; serta status pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan terkait HIV, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi NAPZA, struktur keluarga, dukungan keluarga, status sosial ekonomi, status perkawinan, riwayat berpacaran, dan dukungan teman sebagai variabel independen. Adapun inisiasi seksual dalam penelitian ini didefinisikan sebagai pengalaman hubungan seksual pertama kali.
Hasil: Sebanyak 1,0% remaja berusia 13 s.d. 17 tahun di Indonesia pernah mengalami inisiasi seksual dengan rincian 0,7% pada remaja laki-laki dan 1,4% pada remaja perempuan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa determinan dari inisiasi seksual pada remaja meliputi status bekerja pada remaja laki-laki (aOR: 5,30; 95% CI: 1,75—16,09); pernah mengonsumsi alkohol seumur hidup pada remaja secara gabungan (aOR: 7,30; 95% CI: 3,71—14,33), remaja laki-laki (aOR: 9,17; 95% CI: 3,06—27,44), dan remaja perempuan (aOR: 5,71; 95% CI: 1,59—20,54); status telah menikah pada remaja secara gabungan (aOR: 1.059,50; 95% CI: 226,60—4.953,98) dan remaja perempuan (aOR: 451,08; 95% CI: 76,84—2.648,17); dan riwayat pernah berpacaran pada remaja secara gabungan (aOR: 9,51; 95% CI: 4,21—21,45), remaja laki-laki (aOR: 6,81; 95% CI: 1,68—27,70), dan remaja perempuan (aOR: 8,67; 95% CI: 3,13—24,06). Adapun status sosial ekonomi rendah-sedang memiliki hubungan negatif dengan inisiasi seksual pada remaja secara keseluruhan (aOR: 0,44; 95% CI: 0,21—0,93; P value = 0,030) dan remaja laki-laki (aOR: 0,15; 95% CI: 0,06—0,43; P value < 0,001).
Kesimpulan: Faktor individu, situasional, keluarga, dan relasi berkaitan dengan inisiasi seksual. Faktor-faktor ini perlu dipertimbangkan dalam intervensi yang meliputi pendidikan seksualitas yang komprehensif, pemberian layanan kesehatan reproduksi remaja, dan penegakan hukum. Penelitian dengan desain longitudinal diperlukan untuk memastikan ada/tidaknya hubungan kausalitas antarvariabel.
Background: Sexual initiation is the core indicator for adolescent sexual health and well-being. As a transition event on adolescents’ life, sexual initiation is ideally performed with plan and consent from each of the parties involved and within an equal relation. However, previous studies have shown that there are increased risks that follow sexual initiation, especially if it happens early. Aim: This study aimed to describe and identify factors related to sexual initiation on male and female adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: Using cross-sectional design, this study was analyzed using chi square and logistic regression analysis on 6.005 samples of adolescents ranging from 13 to 17 years old accessed from National Survey of Life Experiences of Children and Adolescents 2024. This study focuses on sexual initiation as dependent variable; gender as stratifying variable; educational status, working status, knowledge about HIV, alcohol use, drug use, family structure, family support, socioeconomic status, marital status, dating history and peer support as indendent variables. Sexual initiation, in this study, is defined as the experience of first sexual intercourse. Results: One percent (1,0%) of adolescents in Indonesia have had their first sexual intercourse. The percentage is ranging from 0,7% on male adolescents and 1,4% on female adolescents. This research also finds that the determinants of sexual initiation on adolescents are male adolescents who are currently working (aOR: 5,30; 95% CI: 1,75—16,09); have consumed alcohol in lifetime on both adolescents (aOR: 7,30; 95% CI: 3,71—14,33), male adolescents (aOR: 9,17; 95% CI: 3,06—27,44), and female adolescents (aOR: 5,71; 95% CI: 1,59—20,54) who have consumed alcohol in lifetime; being married on adolescents cumulatively (aOR: 1.059,50; 95% CI: 226,60—4.953,98) and female adolescents (aOR: 451,08; 95% CI: 76,84—2.648,17); and ever dated someone on both adolescents(aOR: 9,51; 95% CI: 4,21—21,45), male adolescents (aOR: 6,81; 95% CI: 1,68—27,70), and female adolescents (aOR: 8,67; 95% CI: 3,13—24,06). Low-middle socioeconomic status is negatively associated with sexual initiation on both adolescents (aOR: 0,44; 95% CI: 0,21—0,93) and male adolescents (aOR: 0,15; 95% CI: 0,06—0,43; P value < 0,001). Conclusion: Individual, situasional, family and relational factors are related to sexual initiation. These factors should be considered during interventions that include comprehensive sexuality education, adolescent reproductive health service and law enforcement. Researches with longitudinal nature are required to identify the presence of causal associations between variables.
Beberapa studi menunjukkan adanya penurunan rata-rata usia menarche di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Rata-rata usia menarche wanita di Amerika menurun sebesar 0,9 tahun dari tahun 1920 hingga 1980an (McDowell, 2007). Berdasarkan survei nasional pada tahun 1992 – 1995 rata-rata usia menarche remaja putri di Indonesia adalah 12,96 tahun dengan prevalensi menarche dini sebesar 10,3 % dan menarche terlambat sebesar 8,8 % (Batubara, 2010). Faktor determinan dari menarche dini dan menarche terlambat adalah status gizi, lemak tubuh, asupan makronutrien, asupan mikronutrien, sosial ekonomi, rangsangan psikis, hormonal, umur menarche ibu, outcome kelahiran, dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2010 dan mengikutsertakan 5358 remaja putri (10-19 tahun) diseluruh wilayah Indonesia sebagai populasi eligible. Studi ini menggunakan metode penarikan sampel non simple random sampling, strata, dan cluster sehingga menggunakan desain complex sample dalam analisisnya. Analisis model akhir menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Pada hasil multivariat, faktor risiko untuk menarche dini adalah kegemukan/obesitas (POR 3.03, 95% CI 2.39-3.83), hormonal banyak (POR 1.57, 95% CI 1.21-2.05), umur menarche ibu cepat (POR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.39 – 2.19) dan jumlah anak dalam keluarga sedikit (POR 1.64, 95 % CI 1.21-2.23). Sementara itu faktor protektif untuk menarche dini adalah asupan energi kurang (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.56-0.94). Faktor risiko untuk menarche terlambat adalah usia menarche ibu yang lambat (POR 2.1 95 % CI 1.68-2.61). Sementara itu faktor protektif untuk menarche terlambat adalah kegemukan/obesitas (POR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.63), hormonal banyak (POR 0.7, 95% CI 0.62-0.95), asupan protein rendah (POR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.91), asupan lemak tinggi (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.59- 0.95), umur menarche ibu yang lebih muda (POR 0.6, 95 % CI 0.44 – 0.84), pendidikan bapak yang tinggi (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.57-0.92) dan jumlah anggota keluarga yang besar (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.57-0.99). Pentingnya upaya meningkatkan program pencegahan kegemukan/obesitas anak dan remaja serta meningkatkan program penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi dengan sasaran usia yang lebih muda yaitu murid sekolah dasar (SD) dan sekolah lanjutan tingkat pertama (SLTP) baik di unit pemerintah maupun swasta.
Several studies have shown a decrease mean age of menarche in the world, including in Indonesia. The mean age of menarche in U.S. women declined by 0.9 years from 1920 to the 1980s (McDowell, 2007). Based on National Suveys conducted in 1992-1995, the mean age of menarche in Indonesian girls was 12.96 years with prevalence of early menarche was 10.3% and late menarche was 8.8% (Batubara, 2010). Determinant factors of early and late menarche was nutritional status, body fat, macronutrient intake, micronutrient intake, social economy, psycological stimulate, height/hormonal, maternal age of menarche, birth outcome, family structural, and phisical activity. This study used data of Basic Health Survey 2010 and include 5358 girls (10-19 years) in all region of Indonesia as eligible population. This study used non simple random sampling, strata, and cluster sampling method so that the analysis using complex sample design. In multivariate, this study using multinomial logistic regression. The risk factors of early menarche is overweight/obesity (POR 3.03, 95% CI 2.39-3.83), more height girls (POR 1.57, 95% CI 1.21-2.05), early maternal age of menarche (POR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.39 – 2.19), small number of children in families (POR 1.64, 95 % CI 1.21-2.23). Meanwhile the protective factors of early menarche is low energy intake (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.56-0.94). The risk factors of late menarche is late maternal age of menarche (POR 2.1 95 % CI 1.68-2.61). Meanwhile the protective factors of late menarche is overweight/obesity (POR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.63), more height girls (POR 0.7, 95% CI 0.62-0.95), low protein intake (POR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.91), high fat intake (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.59-0.95), early maternal age of menarche (POR 0.6, 95 % CI 0.44 – 0.84), high level of father education (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.57-0.92), small number of families (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.57-0.99). So, this is important to improve prevention programs of child/adolescent obesity and reproductive health education for elementary and junior high school students both in government and private sectors.
Adolescence is an advanced phase from childhood before heading to adulthood with growth and development in biological, cognitive, psychosocial, and emotional aspects. Within the phase, adolescents have a high curiosity to try or explore new things, including risky sexual behavior in adolescents. Therefore, based on the IDHS report of 2017 on Adolescent Reproductive Health (KRR) that male and female adolescents tried to have premarital sex for the first time at the age of 15-19 years with a percentage of 8 percent for men and 2 percent for women. This study aims to determine the relationship between reproductive health education that received for the first time at school to the premarital sexual behavior of male adolescents aged 15-19 years in Indonesia. The data used in this study is IDHS data for the 2017 KRR with a total sample of 7.345 adolescents who have been adjusted by both of the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. This study used a cross sectional study design. The results of this study are there were 6,966 (94.8%) teenage boys aged 15-19 years who had premarital sexual intercourse, while only 379 (5.2%) teenagers who had not. Based on bivariate analysis, It was found that the variables of reproductive health education about the human reproductive system (p=0.000), family planning (p=0.000) and HIV/AIDS (p=0.002) had a significant relationship with adolescent premarital sexual behavior. In addition, variables related to adolescent premarital sexual behavior are communication with teachers (p = 0.004) and education level (p = 0.000 and 0.008). While the variable of residence did not have a significant correlation (p = 0.095).
Latar belakang: Praktik Pemotongan/Perlukaan Genitalia Perempuan (P2GP) merupakan pelanggaran hak asasi perempuan. Prevalensi P2GP di Indonesia yang dilaporkan tahun 2021 mencapai 50,5% pada perempuan berusia 15–49 tahun, dengan 55,0% anak mereka juga mengalami P2GP. Peningkatan prevalensi dari generasi sebelumnya ke generasi saat ini menandakan masalah ini belum sepenuhnya teratasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran kejadian P2GP pada anak dari ibu berusia 15–64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2024 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Pengalaman Hidup Perempuan Nasional 2024 dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 5.653 perempuan berusia 15–64 tahun yang memiliki anak perempuan hidup dan tinggal serumah . Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil: Prevalensi P2GP pada anak di Indonesia sebesar 47,9%. Faktor individu yang berasosiasi positif dengan P2GP pada anak meliputi usia ibu 55–64 tahun (dibandingkan usia ibu 15-24 tahun) (OR = 1,38, 95% CI: 1,02–1,87), pendidikan ibu tingkat dasar (dibandingkan tingkat tinggi) (OR = 1,20; 95% CI: 1,01–1,41), pendidikan ayah tingkat dasar dan menengah (dibandingkan tingkat tinggi) (OR = 1,40; 95% CI: 1,16–1,69), ibu beragama Islam (dibandingkan lainnya) (OR = 83,58; 95% CI: 44,65–156,44), status ekonomi terendah hingga menengah (dibandingkan teratas) (OR = 1,58; 95% CI: 1,34–1,88), ibu tidak bekerja (OR = 1,15; 95% CI: 1,04–1,28), serta ibu dengan riwayat P2GP serta tidak tahu/tidak ingat dan tidak menjawab (dibandingkan tanpa riwayat P2GP) (OR = 134,37; 95% CI: 106,36–169,76) dan mendukung kelanjutan P2GP dan tidak tahu (dibandingkan mendukung penghentian) (OR = 36,89; 95% CI: 31,27–43,52). Faktor komunitas yang berasosiasi positif dengan P2GP pada anak adalah wilayah dengan keberadaan P2GP (dibandingkan tanpa keberadaan P2GP) (OR = 22,62; 95% CI: 19,58–26,12) serta tinggal di wilayah Kalimantan (OR = 1,94; 95% CI: 1,54–2,44), Maluku (OR = 2,05; 95% CI: 1,29–3,24), Sulawesi (OR = 1,61; 95% CI: 1,32–1,97), dan Sumatra (OR = 2,70; 95% CI: 2,35–3,09) (dibandingkan Jawa). Sementara itu, tinggal di perdesaan (OR = 0,82; 95% CI: 0,72 – 0,91) serta di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil (OR = 0,36; 95% CI: 0,27–0,49) dan Papua (OR = 0,27; 95% CI: 0,16–0,43) (dibandingkan Jawa) berasosiasi negatif dengan P2GP pada anak. Kesimpulan: Penghapusan P2GP memerlukan penegakan regulasi, perluasan akses pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi komprehensif, pengawasan fasilitas kesehatan, kolaborasi dengan tokoh agama, pemberdayaan perempuan oleh pemerintah, serta penolakan aktif terhadap P2GP oleh masyarakat.
Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a violation of women’s human rights as it provides no health benefits and interferes with the natural functions of the female body. In Indonesia, the prevalence of FGM/C in 2021 reached 50.5% among women aged 15–49 years, with 55.0% of their daughters also having undergone the practice. The increased prevalence from the previous generation to the current one indicates that this issue remains unresolved. Objective: To describe the prevalence of FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15–64 years in Indonesia in 2024 and the associated factors. Methods: This study used data from the 2024 National Survey on Women’s Life Experiences with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 5.653 women aged 15–64 years who had at least one living daughter residing in the same household. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: The prevalence of FGM/C in children in Indonesia is 47.9%. Individual factors positively associated with FGM/C in children include: maternal age 55–64 years (compared to 15–24 years) (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.87), maternal primary education (compared to higher education) (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41), paternal primary and secondary education (compared to higher education) (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.16–1.69), Muslim mothers (compared to others) (OR = 83.58; 95% CI: 44.65–156.44), lowest to middle economic status (compared to the highest) (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.34–1.88), unemployed mothers (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28), mothers with a history of FGM/C and who did not know/did not remember and did not respond (compared to those without a history) (OR = 134.37; 95% CI: 106.36–169.76), and mothers who support the continuation of FGM/C and are unsure (compared to those who support its discontinuation) (OR = 36.89; 95% CI: 31.27–43.52). Community-level factors positively associated with FGM/C in children include: living in areas where FGM/C is practiced (compared to areas where it is not) (OR = 22.62; 95% CI: 19.58–26.12), and residing in Kalimantan (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54–2.44), Maluku (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.29–3.24), Sulawesi (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.32–1.97), and Sumatra (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 2.35–3.09) (compared to Jawa). Meanwhile, living in rural areas (OR = 0,82; 95% CI: 0,72 – 0,91), the Lesser Sunda Islands (OR = 0,36; 95% CI: 0,27–0,49), and Papua (OR = 0,27; 95% CI: 0,16–0,43) is negatively associated with FGM/C in children (compared to Java). Conclusion: Efforts to eliminate FGM/C in Indonesia require enforcement of current regulations, expansion of access to comprehensive reproductive health education, health facility oversight, intersectoral collaboration including religious leaders, the empowerment of women, and active public rejection of FGM/C.
This thesis discusses risky sexual behavior in young men aged 15-18 years in Indonesia in 2017. This study uses secondary data from the Indonesia Health Demographic Survey (IHDS) data source in 2017. The design of this study uses a quantitative design method with crosss sectional study. The sample of this study was young men aged 15-18 years collected in the form of secondary data from the IHDS-Adolescent Reproductive Health data in 2017. The results of the analysis found that the influence of peers was the most dominant variable with risky sexual behavior. It can be seen that the highest odds ratio (OR) among other independent variables is 4.974 (95% CI: 3.503-7.062), which means young men who are affected by peers at 4.974 times more risky sexual behavior than unaffected adolescents friends of the same age.
Hasil penelitian multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistikmenunjukkan bahwa umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi keluarga,daerah tempat, sikap terhadap hubungan seksual pranikah, pengaruh teman, pengalamankonsumsi alkohol, perilaku pacaran berisiko, dan perilaku merokok berhubungansignifikan dengan perilaku hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja di Indonesia. Faktorpaling dominan adalah perilaku pacaran berisiko, yaitu dengan nilai p = 0,000 dan aOR= 27,236 (95% CI: 19,979-37,129).
Kata kunci:Perilaku seksual, hubungan seksual pranikah, remaja, Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Pedesaan, Perilaku Seksual Remaja, Perkotaan.
