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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in West Java. Bogor Regency, Bandung City, and Bekasi City are among the regions with the highest number of TB cases in the province. Environmental factors such as population density, altitude, and healthy housing coverage, are suspected to contribute to the incidence of TB. This study aims to describe the incidence of TB, examine the correlation between environmental factors and TB cases, and analyze the spatial distribution to identify high-risk areas for targeted intervention. This ecological study used secondary data from 2022 to 2024 obtained from the Health Office, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, spatial mapping, and vulnerability assessment through SPSS and QGIS applications. The results showed an increasing trend in TB cases across all three regions. A significant correlation was found between population density and healthy housing coverage with TB incidence in Bogor and Bandung, but not in Bekasi. Altitude was not associated with TB incidence in any of the regions. The spatial distribution revealed variations in environmental factors related to TB incidence between regions. Bandung City was identified as having the highest level of TB vulnerability. Area-based TB control interventions are therefore necessary, particularly in densely populated and high-risk areas. It is recommended to strengthen active epidemiological surveillance (active case finding), develop a real-time spatial TB information system integrated with surveillance data, establish cross-sectoral collaboration, evaluate the standards for healthy housing assessment, promote local regulations related to TB control, and enhance community participation in TB prevention, especially in densely populated and high-risk areas.
Dengue merupakan penyakit infeksi virus yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2024, Kota Depok mencatat 5.040 kasus dengue (IR 266/100.000 penduduk) dengan 13 kematian (CFR 0,25%), jauh melebihi target nasional (IR ≤10/100.000). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian dengue secara spasial di Kota Depok tahun 2024 dengan menggunakan pendekatan mix-method. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional untuk pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dan pendekatan explanatory untuk kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Analisis spasial dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak QGIS dan GeoDa. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, kepadatan penduduk, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), serta angka bebas jentik (ABJ). Kasus dengue menunjukkan pola spasial mengelompok dengan autokorelasi spasial pada variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Model Spatial Error Model (SEM) memberikan hasil terbaik dengan nilai AIC terendah (657,88) dan R² sebesar 0,276. Efek spasial eror sebesar 37,4% menunjukkan pengaruh dari wilayah sekitar terhadap penyebaran kasus dengue. Kepadatan penduduk ditemukan sebagai variabel signifikan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dengue. Wilayah prioritas untuk intervensi meliputi Kelurahan Bedahan, Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Depok Jaya, Mampang, dan Cisalak. Pendekatan spasial efektif dalam mengidentifikasi wilayah risiko tinggi dengue dan variabel yang memengaruhi penyebarannya. Disarankan agar intervensi dengue lebih difokuskan pada wilayah dengan kepadatan tinggi, peningkatan edukasi PHBS, integrasi analisis spasial dalam perencanaan program, serta koordinasi lintas sektor. Strategi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian dengue yang berbasis data dan wilayah.
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and remains a significant public health threat in Indonesia. In 2024, the city of Depok reported 5,040 dengue cases (IR 266/100,000 population) and 13 deaths (CFR 0.25%), far exceeding the national target of IR ≤10/100,000. This study aims to spatially analyze the risk factors associated with dengue incidence in Depok City in 2024 using a mixed-methods approach. A cross-sectional ecological design was used for the quantitative component, supported by secondary data, while the qualitative component followed an explanatory design through in-depth interviews. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS and GeoDa. The variables analyzed included gender, age, population density, household-level Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS), and larva-free index (ABJ). Dengue cases exhibited a clustered spatial pattern with spatial autocorrelation across the studied variables. The Spatial Error Model (SEM) yielded the best performance with the lowest AIC (657.88) and R² of 0.276. A spatial error effect of 37.4% indicated that neighboring areas influence dengue transmission. Among all variables, population density was significantly associated with dengue incidence. Priority intervention areas identified were Bedahan, Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Depok Jaya, Mampang, and Cisalak sub-districts. A spatial approach is effective in identifying high-risk areas and key factors influencing dengue transmission. It is recommended that dengue prevention programs prioritize high-density areas, strengthen PHBS education, integrate spatial analysis into health program planning, and enhance cross-sector coordination. These strategies are expected to improve the effectiveness of dengue control efforts based on spatial and epidemiological data.
ABSTRAK Prevalensi IMS tinggi pada WPSL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsistensi penggunaan kondom pada satu bulan terakhir dengan kejadian Infeksi Menular seksual pada wanita penjaja seks langsung (WPSL). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Sumber data hasil Survey Terpadu Biologis dan Perilaku Tahun 2011. Populasi adalah wanita penjaja seks langsung (WPSL) di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jumlah sampel adalah 500 responden. Hasil penelitian prevalensi IMS pada WPSL 21%, sebagian besar WPSL tidak konsisten menggunakan kondom 76 %. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara konsistensi penggunaan kondom dengan kejadian IMS OR 1.14 (95%CI 0.66;2.3). Peningkatan konsistensi penggunaan kondom dan peningkatan peluang menggunakan kondom.
ABSTRACT STDs prevalence is high in the WPSL. This study aims to determine the relationship the consistency of condom use in the last month with the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers directly (WPSL). This study uses crosssectional study design. Data is collected secondary data results of Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey in 2011. Population is female direct sex workers (WPSL) in West Java province. Number of sample is 500 respondents. The study found that the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers directly (WPSL) by 21% most of the WPSL is inconsistent use of condoms 76%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the consistency of condom use with the incidence of STI OR 1:14 (95% CI 0.66; 2.3). Increase particularly the consistent use of condoms and increased opportunities to use condoms.
Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesebatan masyarakat di Indonesia, karena dapat menyebabkan kematian. Untuk penanggulangan penyakit tuberculosis, pemerintah telah melaksanakan Strategi DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse). Pengobatan yang baik dan teratur dapat menyembubkan penderita TB Paru. Penderita TB Paru dapat mengalami DO (Drop Out), bila pengobatan tidak baik dan tidak teratur. Angka DO di Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Kota Bandung pada tahun 2005 adalah 11,6 %. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya DO pada penderita TB Paru di Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan desain kasus kontrol dan dilakukan pada penderita TB Paru yang berasal dari Kota Bandung dan berobat di Balai Kesehatan Pam Masyarakat dengan jumlah sampel kasus 115 responden dan kontrol sebanyak 115 responden. Kasus adalah penderita TB Paru yang Drop Oul, sedangkan kontrol adalah penderita TB Paru yang tidak Drop Out. Pada penelitian ini variabel yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya Drop Out adalah pengetahuan, biaya dan keberadaan PMO. Pengetahuan mempunyai OR =5,2 dengan 95% C T: 2,79-9,80 berarti bahwa penderita TB Paru dengan pengetahuan yang kurang barisiko 5,2 kali menjadi DO bila dibandingkan dengan pengetahuan yang baik setelah dikontrol variabel biaya dan PMO. Variabel biaya mempunyai OR= 3,4 dengan 95% CI: 1,80-6,23 berarti bahwa penderita dengan presepsi biaya mahal berisiko 3,4 kali bila dibandingkan dengan penderita dengan presepsi biaya murah, setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan dan PMO Variabel keberadaan PMO mempunyai OR= 2,2 dengan 95% CI: 1,16-4,05 berarti bahwa penderita yang tidak mempunyai PMO berisiko 2,2 kali bila dibandingkan dengan penderita yang mempunyai PMO setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan dan biaya.
Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Indonesia due to the life threatening nature of the disease, To contro) tuberculosis, the government has implemented DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) Strategy, Good and regular treatment can cure lung TB patients. Lung TB patients, will be DOs (Drop Outs) when the treatment is not performed well and regularly The DO rate at the Balal Kesehalan Paru Masyarakot (Public Lung Health Center), Bandung City in 2005 was 11,6 %, The aim of this study is to know factors related 10 Lung TB patient drop outs in Ball'; Kesehatan Par" Masyarakat in 2007. The study is conducted using primary data with case control design and was performed to Lung TB patients who came from Bandung City and who were treated at Balai Kesehatan Poru }Jasyarakaf with a sample size of 115 case respondents and 115 control respondents. The case respondents consist of Lung TB patients who drop out while the control respondents consist of Lung TB patients who do not drop out of treatment. The variables relationship with happened of Lung TB patients who drop OUT in this research arc knowledge, cost, and the presence of drug observer. Knowledge has an OR of 5.2 with 95% Cl: 2.80-9,80 meaning that a Lung TB patient whose knowledge is poor has 5.2 times more risk to DO compared to those with good knowledge after the cost and drug observer variab1es are controlled, The cost variable has an OR of 3.4 with 95% Cl: 1.80 -6.23 meaning that patients with a perception of high cost have 3.4 more risk compared to patients with a perception of low cost after the knowledge and drug observer variables are controlled. The presence of drug observer variable has an OR of 2.2 with 95% CI: L160-4.049 meaning that patients who do not have drug observer has 2.2 times more risk compared to patients with drug observer after the knowledge and cost variables are controlled.
