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Latar Belakang: Fraud dalam klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), khususnya dalam bentuk upcoding diagnosis penyakit kardiovaskular, merupakan tantangan serius yang dapat mengancam keberlanjutan sistem jaminan kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit kardiovaskular, sebagai penyebab beban biaya tertinggi dalam layanan rawat inap, rentan terhadap praktik kecurangan yang sulit dideteksi melalui metode konvensional. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan berbasis data dan teknologi untuk mendeteksi potensi fraud secara lebih efisien. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksploratif dengan metode supervised machine learning. Data klaim rawat inap penyakit kardiovaskular tahun 2022–2024 dianalisis berdasarkan beberapa variabel yaitu lama hari rawat, lama rawat di ICU, waktu penggunaan ventilator, jumlah diagnosis sekunder, jumlah prosedur, dan biaya RS. Proses mencakup cleansing, encoding, pseudo-labeling, feature selection, serta pelatihan model menggunakan beberapa algoritma supervised, seperti Random Forest, Tree, Gradient Boosting, Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan kNN. Evaluasi kinerja model dilakukan dengan menggunakan metrik akurasi, precision, recall, F1-score, dan AUC. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Random Forest menghasilkan performa terbaik dalam mendeteksi potensi fraud pada sebagian besar kategori diagnosis dan kelas rumah sakit. Nilai akurasi dan AUC yang dihasilkan berada dalam kategori baik hingga sangat baik. Selain itu, analisis pola klaim menunjukkan adanya perbedaan distribusi biaya dan indikator klinis antara klaim normal dan klaim yang terindikasi anomali, mendukung keberadaan pola upcoding Kesimpulan: Model machine learning, khususnya Random Forest, terbukti efektif dalam mendeteksi potensi fraud upcoding diagnosis penyakit kardiovaskular pada klaim JKN. Penerapan sistem berbasis algoritma ini berpotensi menjadi alat bantu auditor dalam pengawasan klaim yang lebih akurat dan efisien. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar bagi pengembangan sistem deteksi fraud terintegrasi di masa depan guna meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan efisiensi pembiayaan kesehatan.
Background: Fraud in the National Health Insurance (JKN) claims, particularly in the form of upcoding for cardiovascular disease diagnoses, poses a serious threat to the sustainability of Indonesia’s health financing system. As the leading contributor to inpatient service expenditures, cardiovascular disease claims are highly susceptible to fraudulent practices that are difficult to detect using conventional methods. Therefore, a data-driven and technology-based approach is essential for more efficient fraud detection. Methods: This study employed a quantitative exploratory approach using supervised machine learning methods. The dataset consisted of inpatient cardiovascular disease claims from 2022 to 2024. The analysis involved data cleansing, encoding, pseudo-labeling, feature selection, and model training using several classification algorithms such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and Logistic Regression. Model performance was evaluated using metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC. Results: The results demonstrated that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest performance in detecting potential fraud across most diagnosis categories and hospital classes. The accuracy and AUC values indicated good to excellent classification performance. Furthermore, the claim pattern analysis revealed distinct differences in cost and clinical indicators between normal and anomaly-labeled claims, supporting the presence of potential upcoding. Conclusion: Machine learning models, particularly Random Forest, proved to be effective in detecting potential upcoding fraud in cardiovascular disease claims within the JKN program. The implementation of algorithm-based fraud detection systems can serve as a decision-support tool for auditors, enabling more accurate and efficient claim monitoring. This study provides a foundation for the future development of integrated fraud detection systems to enhance accountability and efficiency in national health financing.
In the National Health System (SKN), health workers are central to health promotion.Producing, recruiting and sustaining health are still the main challenges facing the world.Lack of Human Resources for Health (HRH) is not only happening in Indonesia, mostcountries in the world experience two major demographic factors related to this problem.First, higher life expectancy, resulting in the number of patients requiring better healthcare. Secondly, it is a large increase in the population that has resulted in the need forincreased health human resources (WHO, 2006). SKN point 288 states: "Health HRPlanning is basically fact-based through improvement of Health Information System (SI-SDMK)" (Perpres 72/2012).PPSDM Kesehatan Agency has developed 3 (three) Data Instruments to support SI-SDMK in Excel-Based Applications, Desktop-Based Applications, and Web-BasedApplications to facilitate the tasks of SDMK managers in all districts / cities throughoutIndonesia. This SI-SDMK application can inform the number of functional position ofhealth data either level of work unit or province, information obtained either in the formof report or in the form of graph and map. However, when looking at data coverage thatSI-SDMK get for Puskesmas and Hospitals for individual data SDMK year 2016 forPuskesmas 84% and 2017 (until October) 92%. While for hospitals in 2016 36% and 2017(until October) 41% (SI-SDMK, BPPSDMK).The results of a brief interview on the preliminary study at the Center for Data andInformation of PPSDM Agency for Health and DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office andPuskesmas, it is known that data collection and recording of individual data working infashankes so far is still done manually in Microsoft Excel. So that the SDMK datamanagers at the fashankes level need to recapitulate the form of individual data that hasbeen written. This study aims to develop prototype SI-SDMK based on Android withright to health personnel in Fasyankes directly to register, check the status of individualdata, as well as to update individual data if there are inaccurate / incomplete individualdata in accordance with the actual situation by attaching supporting documents.Keyword:Information System, Prototype, SI-SDMK.
Saat ini rumah sakit di Indonesia mengalami perubahan sebagai dampak adanya perubahan lingkungan lokal dan global, bergeser dari lembaga sosial menjadi lembaga usaha yang berarti bahwa pengelolaannya dari not for profit menjadi for profit. Rumah sakit masa kini harus menyadari kebutuhan masyarakat yang terus berubah, kemajuan teknologi, perang antar pesaing dan turunnya kesetiaan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan Sistem Informasi Pemasaran (SIP). SIP dapat membantu rumah sakit dalam pengambilan keputusan yang tepat dan akurat. SIP terdiri dari pencatatan internal, intelijen pemasaran, riset pemasaran dan analisis pendukung keputusan. Pencatatan internal bersumber dari rekam medis dan catatan keuangan rumah sakit. Delapan elemen penting dapat dihasilkan melalui SIP yaitu: Memperoleh infomasi perubahan pasar; biaya yang diperlukan; Informasi kompetisi, perubahan kebutuhan masyarakat; Menetapkan tujuan pemasaran agar jelas dan terarah; penampilan masalah yang ada; Penentuan target pemasaran yang tepat; Gambaran implementasi dari strategi yang dibuat; Beberapa Cara dan alat promosi yang bisa dipilih; Pengukuran dan pemantauan pelaksanaan cara pemasaran. Rekam Medis sebagai data internal dapat mendukung keputusan pemasaran terhadap 4 elemen di atas atau sekitar 50% dari delapan elemen yaitu lnformasi kompetisi, perubahan kebutuhan masyarakat; Menetapkan tujuan pemasaran agar jelas dan terarah; Penampilan masalah dan pelanggan yang ada; Penentuan target pemasaran yang tepat. Di RS "A" yang sudah tersedia rekam medis elektronik kenyataannya belum optimal dijadikan basis data SIP dan laporan yang dibutuhkan oleh direktur dan wadir tidak tersedia secara rutin karena: masih dilakukan secara manual. Untuk itu perlu dirancang SIP berbasis rekam medis sehingga dapat tercapai optimalisasi manajemen pemasaran RS "A". Metode pengembangan SI yang digunakan adalah SDLC melalui tahapannya yaitu identifikasi masalah; peluang dan tujuan; penentuan syarat dan analisis kebutuhan; merancang sistem yang akan direkomendasikan; mengembangkan dan mendokumentasikan perangkat lunak; serta ujicoba dan simulasi prototipe. Hasil penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya prototipe SIP berbasis Rekam Medis yang dapat menghasilkan informasi secara rutin baik bulanan maupun tahunan dalam bentuk label, grafik dan peta guna kepentingan Direktur, Wadir Medis dan Wadir Keuangan dan Layanan Umum dalam rangka optimalisasi manajemen pemasaran RS "A" Jakarta. Beberapa indikator yang dihasilkan yaitu rata-rata kunjungan pasien RS per hari, rata-rata pasien RS per Mari, rata-rata pasien baru per hari, loyalitas pasien dan persentase pasar tertembus. Agar pelaksanaan SIP ini berjalan dengan baik dan berkelanjutan, dibutuhkan pemahaman tentang pemasaran termasuk SIP berbasis Rekam Medis oleh Unit PUP dan perlu dikembangkan Iebih lanjut analisis keputusan pemasaran berdasarkan diagnosa pasien.
Nowadays, Indonesia hospitals have many changes as the effect of local and global environmental changes, which turn from social institution into money oriented institution which means that the management is changed from not for profit becomes for profit. Recent hospitals should realize public needs which keep changing, technological advance, battle among competitors, and the decrease of customers? loyalty. That is why Marketing Information System is needed. Marketing Information System can help hospitals in taking right and accurate decisions. It contains of internal records, marketing intelligence, marketing research and decision support analysis. Internal records are taken from medical record and hospitals' financial record. Eight major elements can be produced through marketing information systems, those are: receiving of markets' changes; expenses needed; competition information, changes of publics needs; deciding clear and accurate goal of exact target markets; implementation illustration of strategy that that can be chooses; measuring and monitoring the marketing application. Medical record as the internal data can support marketing decision of 4 elements above or approximately 50% of total 8 elements which are competition information; changes of public needs: deciding clear and accurate goal of marketing; showing problems present customers; deciding exact target market. In hospital "A" where electronic medical record is already available it is not optimal to be marketing information system data based and the reports needed by the Director and Vice Director is not continuously available since it is still done manually. That is why I am needed to design marketing information system based on medical record to achieve optimal marketing management of "A" Hospital. Methodology of the development information system used is System Development Live Cycle (SDLC) through many steps which are: problem identification, opportunity and purpose; determining requirement system; developing and documenting software; and also testing and prototype simulation. This research produce marketing information systems prototype with medical record based which can produce continuous information either monthly or annually in the forms of tables, graphics and maps for the needs of the Director, Medical Vice Director, Financial Vice Director and Public Service in order to optimize the marketing management of Hospital "A" Jakarta. Some indicators produced are average of inpatient per day, outpatient per day, average new patient per day, patient loyalty and continuality and target market percentage. In order to make this marketing information system works properly, it is needed an understanding about marketing includes marketing information system with medical record based by Marketing and Development Unit and it is needed to develop further marketing decision analysis based on patient diagnose.
