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Hipertensi dan prehipertensi merupakan bagian dari spektrum penyakit kardiovaskular yang kini mulai banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia produktif, dan berpotensi menjadi penyebab utama beban penyakit tidak menular (PTM) jika tidak tertangani sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proporsi kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada remaja dan dewasa muda (15–34 tahun) di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang terkait. Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 16.961 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis dilakukan melalui uji chisquare dan regresi logistik dengan nilai p value ≤ 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proporsi
hipertensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (17,6%) dibandingkan laki-laki (16,0%), sedangkan prehipertensi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (19,2%) dibandingkan perempuan (15,1%). Faktor usia, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol, serta determinan sosial seperti pendidikan dan pekerjaan menunjukkan asosiasi dengan kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi, terutama pada kelompok laki-laki. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kebijakan kesehatan berbasis gender yang fokus pada promosi dan pencegahan hipertensi di usia produktif, serta peningkatan deteksi dini untuk memanfaatkan bonus demografi secara optimal.
Hypertension and prehypertension are part of the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases that are increasingly prevalent among the productive age group and have the potential to become a major burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) if not addressed early. This study aims to describe the proportion of hypertension and prehypertension cases by sex among adolescents and young adults (aged 15–34 years) in Indonesia, as well as to identify the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional design was employed using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 16,961 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression with a p value threshold of ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the proportion of hypertension was higher in females (17.6%) than in males (16.0%), while the proportion of prehypertension was higher in males (19.2%) than in females (15.1%). Factors such as age, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption behaviors, as well as social determinants like education and occupation, were found to be associated with hypertension and prehypertension, particularly among males. This study recommends the development of gender-sensitive health policies focusing on the promotion and prevention of hypertension among individuals in their productive years, alongside improved early detection efforts to optimize the benefits of the demographic dividend.
Previous studies have reported that there are long-term effects of quitting smoking on weight gain which also exacerbate prehypertension, but the effects are unclear. This study aims to determine the association of smoking and obesity on the incidence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia. This quantitative research is a cross-sectional analytic study using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 with samples of 17,698 and Cox regression analysis. The results of this study explain that the prevalence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia is 52.61%. Multivariate analysis showed non-smokers and obese young adults had the greatest risk of developing prehypertension, which was 1.33 times. However, a decreasing effect was found in young adults who smoked and were obese on the incidence of prehypertension, which was 1.17 times, and a protective effect was found in those who smoked and were not obese (PR=0.88) due to the antagonistic interaction of smoking and obesity on prehypertension by 3.42%. Check blood pressure using applications on smartwatches and smartphones in young adults who smoke and focus on those who are obese plus increasing the implementation of Posbindu PTM in public places and promoting health through social media.
Kurangnya aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang sering kali tidak disadari. Data WHO menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 85% remaja Indonesia kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik. Masa remaja penting sebagai tahap awal pembentukan kebiasaan aktivitas fisik agar kebiasaan ini dapat terbawa hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat aktivitas fisik serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik kurang pada remaja dan dewasa muda di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data berasal dari SKI 2023, dengan sampel sebanyak 164.061 individu usia 10–24 tahun. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji regresi logistik sederhana, serta multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik. Sebanyak 40,4% responden beraktivitas fisik kurang. Aktivitas fisik kurang berasosiasi dengan usia muda 10-17 tahun (PR = 1,54; 95%CI = 1,5156 – 1,5595), jenis kelamin perempuan (PR = 1,12; 95%CI = 1,1060 – 1,1330), tidak bekerja/bersekolah (PR = 1,13; 95%CI = 1,1340 – 1,1650), dan IMT underweight (PR = 1,09; 95%CI = 1,0642 – 1,1081). Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara status ekonomi dengan aktivitas fisik dalam model akhir pada penelitian ini. Aktivitas fisik kurang masih menjadi masalah signifikan pada remaja dan dewasa muda di Indonesia. Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan/sekolah, dan IMT berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi tingkat aktivitas fisik. Diperlukan intervensi yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik demografis untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik kelompok usia muda.
Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), yet it often goes unnoticed. WHO data indicate that more than 85% of Indonesian adolescents engage in insufficient physical activity. Adolescence is a critical period for establishing physical activity habits that may carry into adulthood. This study aims to analyze physical activity levels and associated factors contributing to physical inactivity among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia, based on the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was employed. Data were drawn from SKI 2023, comprising a sample of 164,061 individuals aged 10–24 years. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using simple logistic regression, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression to identify associated factors. A total of 40.4% of respondents were classified as having physical inactivity. Insufficient activity was associated with younger age (10–17 years) (PR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.5156 – 1.5595), female gender (PR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.1060 – 1.1330), being unemployed or not in school (PR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.1340 – 1.1650), and underweight BMI (PR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.0642 – 1.1081). No significant association was found between economic status and physical activity in the final model of this study. Physical inactivity remains a significant issue among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Age, gender, occupational/school status, and nutritional status (BMI) play a key role in influencing physical activity levels. Targeted interventions tailored to demographic characteristics are needed to improve physical activity in younger age groups.