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Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi prioritas global, penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan. Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan 73,7% kasus DM yang tidak terdiagnosis. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Obesitas sentral dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko diabetes melitus. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus. Namun, penentuan diagnosis DM hanya didasarkan pada pemeriksaan glukosa darah sewaktu, tanpa disertai informasi mengenai gejala dan Riwayat DM sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral dengan diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 25.494. Analisis multivariat menggunakan cox regression untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat.
Hasil: Prevalensi diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis sebesar 16,0%. Obesitas sentral meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus sebesar 1,6 kali (PR: 1,6; 95% CI: 1,53–1,76) setelah dikontrol usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia.
Kesimpulan: Penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia dengan obesitas sentral memiliki risiko 1,6 kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetes melitus dibandingkan penduduk usia ≥15 tahun tanpa obesitas sentral setelah dikontrol oleh usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya modifikasi gaya hidup melalui pola makan sehat, aktivitas fisik rutin, serta deteksi dini sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DM.
Diabetes is a non-communicable disease with a continuously increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia, where the prevalence reached 11.7% according to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Prediabetes, as a precursor condition to diabetes, has garnered global attention due to its higher prevalence and the rapid progression potential to type 2 diabetes. The widespread sedentary lifestyle phenomenon further exacerbates this risk, as it is strongly associated with insufficient physical activity, a major risk factor for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and analyze the association between insufficient physical activity and prediabetes incidence after controlling for covariates such as age, sex, education, comorbidities, dietary patterns, and smoking habits. This cross-sectional study utilizes secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The results indicate a prediabetes prevalence of 42.91% in the adult population aged 18-59 years in Indonesia, with 39.77% occurring in the insufficient physical activity group. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed almost no difference in prediabetes risk between the insufficient physical activity and sufficient physical activity groups (PR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91–1.01). The high prevalence of prediabetes in the productive age group is expected to motivate increased frequency and duration of physical activity to a minimum of 150 minutes per week and regular early detection of prediabetes.
Food intake associate with Obesity in Indonesia. This research using quantitative with cross sectional study based on health research survey 2010 to determine the association of food intake with obesity among adult population in Indonesia by respondent characteristics. By using standart indonesian obesity (BMI≥27 kg/m2) were obtained 13,7% Indonesian people are obese. The highest prevalence of obesity in province of North Sulawesi and the lowest prevalence in province of East Nusa tenggara and Southeast Sulawesi. The Prevalence of obesity were higher among woman (18,1%) than men (9,1%) The highest prevalence among aged 40-49 years (30,1%) and the lowest prevalence among aged 60+ years (8,4%). 8,3% respondent with high energy intake, 50% with high carbohydrat intake, 50% with high fat intake, and 29,8% with high protein. Energy intake, fat intake and protein intake have a significant association with the incident of obesity by sex and age.
Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tertinggi Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023, 30,8% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun mengalami hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran, sedangkan prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter adalah 8,6%. Selain itu, laporan SKI 2023 menekankan adanya kesenjangan antara perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi dengan proporsi masyarakat yang terdiagnosis. Saat ini, sebesar 53,3% penyandang hipertensi tidak teratur minum obat atau tidak minum obat antihipertensi, dan 56,9% tidak teratur atau sama sekali tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ulang ke tenaga kesehatan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Sebanyak 53.648 penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun berdasarkan data SKI 2023 diteliti dalam penelitian cross-sectional ini. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Variabel luaran adalah perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi. Variabel prediktor adalah jenis kelamin, usia, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan terkait hipertensi, tempat tinggal, wilayah geografis, status sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, akses ke fasilitas kesehatan, multimorbiditas, dan perilaku cek kesehatan berkala.
Hasil: Proporsi perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi yang aktif pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023 adalah 76,2%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi adalah berjenis kelamin perempuan (OR = 1,24; 95% CI: 1,15-1,33), berusia 65-74 tahun (ref. 18-24 tahun; OR = 6,60; 95% CI: 4,35-10,04), sedang menikah (OR = 0,92; 95% CI: 0,85-0,99), memiliki tingkat pendidikan tersier (ref. Tidak sekolah; OR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,12-1,47), tidak bekerja (OR = 1,15; 95% CI: 1,08-1,23), pernah mendapat informasi pengobatan hipertensi (OR = 3,98; 95% CI: 3,70-4,28), berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku (ref. Papua; OR = 1,97; 95% CI: 1,51-2,58), memiliki status sosial ekonomi teratas (OR = 1,36; 95% CI: 1,17-1,59), memiliki jaminan kesehatan (OR = 1,48; 95% CI: 1,36-1,61), memiliki multimorbiditas (OR = 1,77; 95% CI: 1,63-1,92), dan melakukan cek kesehatan minimal 1 bulan sekali (ref. Tidak pernah; OR = 6,16; 95% CI: 5,54-6,84).
Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan dibutuhkannya program untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, khususnya kelompok usia produktif, dalam melakukan pengobatan hipertensi.
Kata kunci: Perilaku pencarian pengobatan, penyandang hipertensi, hipertensi
Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. According to the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) in 2023, 30.8% of people aged ≥18 experienced hypertension based on blood pressure measurement, while the prevalence of hypertension based on a doctor’s diagnosis was 8.6%. In addition, the SKI 2023 report emphasised the gap between hypertension health-seeking behaviour and the proportion of diagnosed patients. Currently, 53.3% of hypertensive patients do not regularly or do not take anti-hypertensive medication, and 56.9% do not regularly or do not have re-examinations with health professionals. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 53.648 hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years based on SKI 2023 were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Chi-square test and simple logistic regression were used to determine the associations between variables. The outcome variable is hypertension health-seeking behaviour. The independent variables are gender, age, marital status, education level, employment status, hypertension-related knowledge, place of residence, geographic area, socioeconomic status, health insurance ownership, access to health facility, multimorbidity, and regular health check-up. Results: The proportion of active hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia in 2023 was 76.2%. Factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour were female (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15-1.33), aged 65-74 years (ref. 18-44 years; OR = 6.60; 95% CI: 4.35-10.04), married (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99), having tertiary education (ref. no formal education; OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.47), not working (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08-1.23), having received information on hypertension treatment (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 3.70-4.28), living in the Maluku Islands (ref. Papua; OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.51-2.58), having the highest socioeconomic status (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.59), insured (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36-1.61), having multimorbidity (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.63-1.92), and doing a health check-up at least once a month (ref. never; OR = 6.16; 95% CI: 5.54-6.84). Conclusion: This study indicates the need for a program to raise awareness and the active participation of the public, particularly the productive age population, in seeking hypertension treatment. Key words: Health-seeking behaviour, hypertensive patients, hypertension
