Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global dan Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua dengan beban TB tertinggi di dunia. Balita merupakan kelompok rentan karena sistem imun yang belum matang, sehingga infeksi TB pada balita dapat memengaruhi status gizi. Status gizi balita berperan penting dalam menentukan kesehatan dan kemampuan tubuh melawan infeksi. Balita dengan TB berisiko mengalami penurunan status gizi, sementara gizi buruk dapat memperburuk perjalanan penyakit. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran status gizi balita penderita TB di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini menggunakan data 1.030 balita penderita tuberkulosis dari SSGI 2024. Status gizi balita sebagai variabel dependen diukur menggunakan indikator Berat Badan menurut Tinggi Badan/Panjang Badan (BB/TB atau BB/PB). Analisis bivariat deskriptif dilakukan untuk menggambarkan perbedaan distribusi status gizi berdasarkan faktor lingkungan, perilaku, pelayanan kesehatan, dan faktor individu, dengan uji chi-square. Nilai p digunakan untuk menunjukkan signifikansi perbedaan distribusi antar kategori variabel. Hasil: Dari 1.030 balita penderita TB yang dianalisis, 17,4% memiliki status gizi kurang, 75% gizi normal, dan 6,7% gizi lebih. Proporsi gizi kurang secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada balita dengan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (25,1%) dibandingkan balita tanpa riwayat BBLR (15,3%) (p-value = 0,022), serta pada balita yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (21,6%) dibandingkan balita yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (10,7%) (p-value  = 0,013). Variabel lain, yaitu jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan orang tua, status imunisasi, pemantauan perkembangan, dan perilaku konsultasi gizi, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan terhadap status gizi balita. Secara geografis, proporsi gizi kurang tertinggi ditemukan di Papua (29,2%) dan secara signifikan lebih tinggi di wilayah pedesaan dibandingkan wilayah perkotaan (p-value  = 0,040). Kesimpulan: Upaya perbaikan perlu diarahkan pada penguatan dukungan ASI, pemantauan dan intervensi khusus bagi bayi BBLR, peningkatan akses gizi dan layanan kesehatan di wilayah pedesaan.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and Indonesia ranks second among countries with the highest TB burden worldwide. Children under five are a vulnerable group due to their immature immune systems, making TB infection in this age group more likely to affect nutritional status. Nutritional status plays a critical role in determining health outcomes and the body’s ability to fight infection. Children with TB are at increased risk of experiencing nutritional decline, while poor nutritional status can further worsen the progression of the disease. Objective: To describe the nutritional status of children under five with tuberculosis in Indonesia Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 1,030 children under five with tuberculosis from SSGI 2024. Nutritional status of the children, as the dependent variable, was measured using the Weight-for-Height/Length (WH/L) indicator. Descriptive bivariate analysis was conducted to illustrate differences in the distribution of nutritional status based on environmental factors, behaviors, healthcare services, and individual factors, using the chi-square test. The p-value was used to indicate the significance of differences in distribution across variable categories.  Results: Among the 1,030 children analyzed, 17.4% had undernutrition, 75% had normal nutrition, and 6.7% were overweight. The proportion of undernutrition was significantly higher among children with a history of low birth weight (25.1%) than among those without low birth weight (15.3%) (p-value = 0.022), and among children who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding (21.6%) than among those who received exclusive breastfeeding (10.7%) (p-value = 0.013). Other variables, including sex, age, parental education, immunization status, growth monitoring, and nutrition consultation behavior, did not show significant differences in nutritional status. Geographically, the highest proportion of undernutrition was observed in Papua (29.2%) and was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (p-value  = 0,040). Conclusion: Improvement efforts should focus on strengthening support for exclusive breastfeeding, enhancing monitoring and targeted interventions for low-birth-weight infants, and improving access to nutrition and health services in rural areas.

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis metabolisme yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan kadar gula darah (hiperglikemia) akibat resistensi insulin. Prevalensi diabetes melitus di DKI Jakarta merupakan yang tertinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 2 di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Analisis data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 12.580 subjek penelitian, sebanyak 1,48% mengalami diabetes melitus tipe 2. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, obesitas sentral, IMT, hipertensi, konsumsi makanan manis, konsumsi minuman manis, dan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 2 (p-value <0,05).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from insulin resistance. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in DKI Jakarta is the highest in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in DKI Jakarta. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. Data analysis conducted in this study consisted of univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results showed that out of 12,580 study subjects, 1,48% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between the variables of gender, age, education level, central obesity, BMI, hypertension, sweet food consumption, sweet beverage consumption, and physical activity level with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p-value < 0.05).

Prevalensi stunting di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) masih bertahan pada kisaran 37% dalam dua tahun terakhir meskipun cakupan ASI eksklusif dan imunisasi dasar lengkap relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat ASI eksklusif dan status imunisasi dasar lengkap, serta interaksi keduanya, terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12–23 bulan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur setelah dikontrol oleh variabel perancu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2024 pada 2.377 anak usia 12–23 bulan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi Poisson dengan varian robust yang disesuaikan dengan desain kompleks survei dan pembobotan SSGI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, setelah dikontrol terhadap usia anak, jenis kelamin anak, riwayat berat badan lahir rendah, usia ibu saat hamil, kunjungan antenatal care (K6), pendidikan ibu, akses terhadap air minum layak, wilayah tempat tinggal, dan status sosial ekonomi, prevalensi stunting lebih tinggi pada kelompok anak yang tidak pernah mendapatkan ASI (aPR = 1,25; 95% CI: 1,02–1,54) dibandingkan dengan kelompok anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif, serta pada kelompok anak dengan status imunisasi dasar yang tidak lengkap (aPR = 1,39; 95% CI: 1,05–1,85) dibandingkan dengan kelompok anak yang memiliki status imunisasi dasar lengkap. Analisis kombinasi pajanan menunjukkan bahwa anak yang tidak pernah mendapatkan ASI dan tidak memperoleh imunisasi dasar lengkap memiliki prevalensi stunting yang lebih tinggi (aPR = 1,56; 95% CI: 1,10–2,21), sedangkan anak yang memperoleh ASI non-eksklusif (mixed feeding) dan imunisasi dasar lengkap memiliki prevalensi stunting 50% lebih rendah (aPR = 0,50; 95% CI: 0,26–0,98). Penguatan promosi menyusui, peningkatan cakupan dan ketepatan imunisasi, diantaranya melalui optimalisasi fungsi posyandu perlu menjadi prioritas dalam upaya pencegahan stunting di NTT.

The prevalence of stunting in East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) has remained at approximately 37% over the past two years, despite relatively high coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization. This study aimed to examine the association of exclusive breastfeeding history and complete basic immunization status, as well as their interaction, with stunting among children aged 12–23 months in East Nusa Tenggara Province after controlling for potential confounding factors. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (Survei Status Gizi Indonesia, SSGI), involving 2,377 children aged 12–23 months. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance, adjusted for the complex survey design and SSGI sampling weights. The results showed that, after adjustment for child age, child sex, history of low birth weight, maternal age during pregnancy, antenatal care (ANC) attendance (K6), maternal education, access to improved drinking water, place of residence, and socioeconomic status, the prevalence of stunting was higher among children who had never been breastfed (aPR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.02–1.54) than among those who had been exclusively breastfed, and among children with incomplete basic immunization (aPR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05–1.85) compared with those who had received complete basic immunization. Furthermore, the combined exposure analysis demonstrated that children who had never been breastfed and had incomplete basic immunization exhibited a higher prevalence of stunting (aPR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.10–2.21), whereas those who had received non-exclusive breastfeeding (mixed feeding) and complete basic immunization exhibited a 50% lower prevalence of stunting (aPR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26–0.98). Strengthening breastfeeding promotion and improving both the coverage and timeliness of immunization, including through the optimization of integrated health service posts (Posyandu), should be prioritized as key strategies for stunting prevention in East Nusa Tenggara.

Indonesia menargetkan penurunan stunting menjadi 14,2% pada 2029. Namun, upaya tersebut masih menghadapi tantangan besar berupa kompleksitas beban ganda malnutrisi serta praktik pemberian makan pada anak usia 6-23 bulan yang belum optimal. Pada tingkat individu, seorang anak bisa mengalami lebih dari satu masalah malnutrisi sekaligus atau disebut dengan malnutrisi ganda. Belum banyak studi yang mengkaji malnutrisi ganda pada tingkat individu di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) dengan malnutrisi ganda pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022. Malnutrisi ganda yang dikaji adalah kombinasi stunting-wasting (pendek dan gizi kurang) dan stunting-overweight (pendek dan gizi lebih), sedangkan praktik MP-ASI dikaji berdasarkan indikator Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) dari WHO dan UNICEF. Data dari total 69.884 anak dianalisis untuk analisis stunting-wasting dan 72.158 anak untuk analisis stunting-overweight setelah kelengkapan data diperiksa dan nilai ekstrem dikeluarkan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik ganda untuk mendapatkan nilai adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi stunting-wasting dan stunting-overweight secara berturut-turut sebesar 2,7% dan 0,7%. Sebanyak 50,9% anak memenuhi minimum keragaman makanan, 83,5% anak memenuhi minimum frekuensi makan, 45,3% anak memenuhi standar minimum konsumsi makan, 72,5% anak mengonsumsi ikan, telur, atau daging, 24,9% anak mengonsumsi minuman manis, serta 21,6% anak tidak mengonsumsi buah dan sayur sama sekali. Indikator konsumsi minuman manis serta zero konsumsi buah dan sayur berhubungan signifikan terhadap kedua bentuk malnutrisi ganda. Anak yang tidak mengonsumsi minuman manis memiliki penurunan risiko stunting-wasting sebesar 10% (aPOR: 0,90; 95% CI: 0,81–0,996) dan stunting-overweight sebesar 31% (aPOR: 0,69; 95% CI: 0,57–0,84) dibandingkan anak yang mengonsumsi minuman manis. Anak yang mengonsumsi buah dan sayur memiliki penurunan risiko stunting-wasting sebesar 20% (aPOR: 0,80; 95% CI: 0,71–0,90) dan stunting-overweight sebesar 29% (aPOR: 0,71; 95% CI: 0,57–0,89) dibandingkan anak yang tidak mengonsumsi buah dan sayur sama sekali. Temuan tersebut menekankan pentingnya peningkatan keragaman dan kualitas MP-ASI dan makanan dalam program pemberian makan anak yang dilakukan pemerintah disertai perluasan edukasi dan penguatan sistem label gizi pada minuman manis untuk mencegah malnutrisi ganda pada anak.

Indonesia has targeted a reduction in stunting prevalence to 14,2% in 2029. However, this effort still faces major challenges such as the complexity of the double burden of malnutrition and suboptimal feeding practices during the first 1000 days of life. At individual level, a child can experience more than one malnutrition problem at once, which called the double burden of malnutrition. Limited studies have examined the double burden of malnutrition at individual level in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the association of complementary feeding practices and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2022 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey. The double burden of malnutrition was assessed in forms of coexisting stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight, while complementary feeding practices was measured based on WHO and UNICEF IYCF indicators. A total of 69.884 children were analyzed for stunting-wasting and 72.158 children for stunting-overweight after meeting data completeness and no extreme values. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimated asjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR). This study found the prevalence of stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight was 2.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Among the children, 50.9% met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 83.5% met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 45.3% met the minimum acceptable diet (MAD), 72.5% consumed eggs and flesh foods (EFF), 24.9% consumed sweet beverages (SwB), and 21.6% had zero consumption of fruits and vegetables (ZVF). SwB and ZVF indicators were significantly associated with both forms of the double burden of malnutrition. Children who did not consume sweet beverages had a 10% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81–0.996) and a 31% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) compared to children who consume sweet beverages. Meanwhile, children who consumed fruits and vegetables had a 20% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71–0.90) and a 29% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.89) than those with zero intake of fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the importance of improving the diversity and quality of foods provided in government programs, along with strengthening nutrition education and sweet beverages nutrition labeling policies to prevent the double burden of malnutrition among children.