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Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tertinggi Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023, 30,8% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun mengalami hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran, sedangkan prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter adalah 8,6%. Selain itu, laporan SKI 2023 menekankan adanya kesenjangan antara perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi dengan proporsi masyarakat yang terdiagnosis. Saat ini, sebesar 53,3% penyandang hipertensi tidak teratur minum obat atau tidak minum obat antihipertensi, dan 56,9% tidak teratur atau sama sekali tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ulang ke tenaga kesehatan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Sebanyak 53.648 penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun berdasarkan data SKI 2023 diteliti dalam penelitian cross-sectional ini. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Variabel luaran adalah perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi. Variabel prediktor adalah jenis kelamin, usia, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan terkait hipertensi, tempat tinggal, wilayah geografis, status sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, akses ke fasilitas kesehatan, multimorbiditas, dan perilaku cek kesehatan berkala.
Hasil: Proporsi perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi yang aktif pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023 adalah 76,2%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi adalah berjenis kelamin perempuan (OR = 1,24; 95% CI: 1,15-1,33), berusia 65-74 tahun (ref. 18-24 tahun; OR = 6,60; 95% CI: 4,35-10,04), sedang menikah (OR = 0,92; 95% CI: 0,85-0,99), memiliki tingkat pendidikan tersier (ref. Tidak sekolah; OR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,12-1,47), tidak bekerja (OR = 1,15; 95% CI: 1,08-1,23), pernah mendapat informasi pengobatan hipertensi (OR = 3,98; 95% CI: 3,70-4,28), berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku (ref. Papua; OR = 1,97; 95% CI: 1,51-2,58), memiliki status sosial ekonomi teratas (OR = 1,36; 95% CI: 1,17-1,59), memiliki jaminan kesehatan (OR = 1,48; 95% CI: 1,36-1,61), memiliki multimorbiditas (OR = 1,77; 95% CI: 1,63-1,92), dan melakukan cek kesehatan minimal 1 bulan sekali (ref. Tidak pernah; OR = 6,16; 95% CI: 5,54-6,84).
Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan dibutuhkannya program untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, khususnya kelompok usia produktif, dalam melakukan pengobatan hipertensi.
Kata kunci: Perilaku pencarian pengobatan, penyandang hipertensi, hipertensi
Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. According to the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) in 2023, 30.8% of people aged ≥18 experienced hypertension based on blood pressure measurement, while the prevalence of hypertension based on a doctor’s diagnosis was 8.6%. In addition, the SKI 2023 report emphasised the gap between hypertension health-seeking behaviour and the proportion of diagnosed patients. Currently, 53.3% of hypertensive patients do not regularly or do not take anti-hypertensive medication, and 56.9% do not regularly or do not have re-examinations with health professionals. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 53.648 hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years based on SKI 2023 were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Chi-square test and simple logistic regression were used to determine the associations between variables. The outcome variable is hypertension health-seeking behaviour. The independent variables are gender, age, marital status, education level, employment status, hypertension-related knowledge, place of residence, geographic area, socioeconomic status, health insurance ownership, access to health facility, multimorbidity, and regular health check-up. Results: The proportion of active hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia in 2023 was 76.2%. Factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour were female (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15-1.33), aged 65-74 years (ref. 18-44 years; OR = 6.60; 95% CI: 4.35-10.04), married (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99), having tertiary education (ref. no formal education; OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.47), not working (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08-1.23), having received information on hypertension treatment (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 3.70-4.28), living in the Maluku Islands (ref. Papua; OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.51-2.58), having the highest socioeconomic status (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.59), insured (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36-1.61), having multimorbidity (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.63-1.92), and doing a health check-up at least once a month (ref. never; OR = 6.16; 95% CI: 5.54-6.84). Conclusion: This study indicates the need for a program to raise awareness and the active participation of the public, particularly the productive age population, in seeking hypertension treatment. Key words: Health-seeking behaviour, hypertensive patients, hypertension
Kata kunci: Gangguan Mental Emosional, Faktor-faktor, Remaja, Jawa Barat
Adolescents are an important age group for the nation. However, adolescents are prone to experiencing mental problems, one of which is emotional mental disorders. From the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of mental emotional disorders in adolescents 15-24 years was 10%. This figure is above the national prevalence rate. Meanwhile, West Java Province, which has the highest number of productive ages in Indonesia, is among the top 10 provinces with the highest prevalence of emotional mental disorders in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between factors associated with the incidence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java in 2018. The study design used was a cross-sectional study with follow-up data from the results of the 2018 Riskesdas. Samples used in this study are all residents in West Java Province aged 15-24 years who have been interviewed in Riskesdas 2018 and have complete data. The total sample in this study, amounting to 10561 samples. The results of this study indicate the prevalence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java by 11.2%. The highest prevalence of mental emotional disorders was found in female adolescents (13.3%), low education level (11.7%), divorced (12.2%), unemployed (11.5%), underweight nutritional status (13.8%), had a history of non-communicable diseases (22.4%), were former smokers (16.4%), and consumed alcohol (27.0%). Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the most dominant risk factor has a significant relationship with the incidence of mental emotional disorders, is alcohol consumption (PR = 2,43, 95%CI: 1,92-3,06). Then, followed by gender, smoking behavior, history of non-communicable diseases, and employment status.
Key words: Emotional Mental Disorder, Determinants, Adolescents, West Java
Early marriage is defined as the marriage of a girl or boy before the age of 18. Early marriage has more negative implications for adolescent survival. An earlier marriage age will have an impact on the health of the mother and child, as well as increase morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine trends and factors associated with early marriage in young women aged 15-24 years in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design with data sources derived from the secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The sample of this study was WUS aged 15-24 years who were married totaling 4,075 respondents. Data were analyzed using cox regression to determine the prevalence of the ratio of early marriage with the variables suspected as risk factors. Significance was assessed by looking at the 95% confident interval (CI). Meanwhile, to analyze trends, survey data were used from 1987 to 2017. The results of this study show that the trend of early marriage among women 15-24 years of age in Indonesia has decreased, namely 57.8% to 40.0%. From the analysis, it was found that 40.0% of respondents who were married were aged <18 years. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that current age, age at first sexual intercourse, education level, internet exposure, age differences with partners, and differences in education levels with partners are all factors that influence a person in deciding to marry at a young age or not. . In this case, it can be seen that the level of education has the highest rate as a risk factor for early marriage so that strengthening the educational factor is needed to reduce the rate of early marriage among women in Indonesia.
Hasil penelitian multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistikmenunjukkan bahwa umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi keluarga,daerah tempat, sikap terhadap hubungan seksual pranikah, pengaruh teman, pengalamankonsumsi alkohol, perilaku pacaran berisiko, dan perilaku merokok berhubungansignifikan dengan perilaku hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja di Indonesia. Faktorpaling dominan adalah perilaku pacaran berisiko, yaitu dengan nilai p = 0,000 dan aOR= 27,236 (95% CI: 19,979-37,129).
Kata kunci:Perilaku seksual, hubungan seksual pranikah, remaja, Indonesia.
