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The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates that in year 2020 the rate of new cancer cases will increase up to 300% to an estimated 27 million people with 17 million estimated to die. At that time, there will be approximately 75 million people in the world who suffer from cancer where 70% of the cancer patients will be from developing countries. With the increasing amount of cancer patients throughout the world, the usage of radiotherapy will also increase. In reality, although the process has been very tightly controlled and supervised, accidents caused by an overdose of radiation exposure still occurs. From a number of radiation accidents, it has been found that the cause is not only due to technical factors, but that planning and administration also plays a role. This factor will be magnified with the increasing work load the radiotherapy operators have to handle with the total patients exceeding the capacity of the available equipment. The purpose of this research is to develop a work health and safety program at XYZ hospital, not only for the safety of the radiation technicians (occupational exposure) and public safety (public exposure) but also and especially for the patients safety (medical exposure). The development of the program is done by identifying all the dangers as well as conducting a risk analysis on each step of the process of providing radiotherapy services. To get an overall picture of the implementation of the health management and safety system, the evaluation is made against the OHSAS 1800:2007 and the IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3. Based on the risk analysis and the "gap" analysis with OHSAS 18002:2007 and the IAEA GS-R-3, to reduce the risks identified, the risk management recommendations made are more for the procedural management as well as the continuous development of the manpower competency.
Berdasarkan estimasi dari International Agancy for Research on Cancer (IARC) diperkirakan pada tahun 2020, kasus baru penyakit kanker akan meningkat hingga mencapai 300% yaitu sekitar 27 juta penderita dengan jumlah kematian sekitar 17 juta jiwa. Pada saat itu didunia akan terdapat sekitar 75 juta orang yang menderita penyakit kanker dimana 70 % dari penderita kanker tersebut akan terjadi dinegara yang sedang berkembang. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita kanker diseluruh dunia maka jumlah pemanfaatan terapi radiasi juga semakin meningkat. Tapi kenyataannya, walaupun pengendalian dan pengawasan telah dilakukan dengan sangat ketat, kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh paparan radiasi disebabkan dosis yang berlebih terhadap pasien masih tetap saja terjadi. Dari beberapa kasus kecelakaan radiasi, faktor penyebabnya tidak saja desebabkan oleh faktor teknis, faktor perencanaan maupun administrasi juga mempunyai peran. Faktor ini akan bertambah lagi dengan beban kerja operator radioterapi dalam menangani pasien yang jumlahnya melebihi kapasitas peralatan yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan suatu program kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di RS XYZ tidak saja untuk keselamatan pekerja radiasi (occupational exposure), keselamatan publik (public exposure) tetapi juga yang terutama untuk keselamatan pasien (medical exposure). Pengembangan program tadi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi seluruh bahaya yang ada dalam proses pelayanan radioterapi beserta kajian risiko untuk mengetahui level bahaya dari setiap tahap kegiatan. Evaluasi sistem yang ada juga dilakukan terhadap standar OHSAS 18001:2007 maupun IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3 untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara menyeluruh dari penerapan sistem manajemen kehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Dari hasil analisa Risiko dan hasil evaluasi OHSAS 18001:2007 dan Standard IAEA GS-3-R, dalam hal mengurangi risiko radiasi yang telah diidentifikasi, maka usulan pengendalian risiko lebih banyak diusulkan pada pengendalian secara prosedural disertai pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia secara terus menerus.
This minithesis discusses the application of occupational health that have beenconducted by PT. Bridgestone Tire Indonesia Bekasi in 2012 compared withDecision of the Health Ministers No. 1758 of 2003 and Decision of the DirectorGeneral of Labour Inspection Guidance No. 22 of 2008. This research is aqualitative descriptive design. The results suggest that PT. Bridgestone TireIndonesia Bekasi have to take measurements for 8 hours of work environments,especially in the measurement of noise and air quality, perform spirometry test inBanbury area workers, Final Inspection and Tube, should add as many as 6 peopleFirst Aid training, need a medical examination pre-mutation and pre-mutationinternal, should do recruitment 1 Physician with Magister Of Occupational Healthand Safety, 1 Nurse with training of Hiperkes, 1 lab, 1 industrial hygienist, mustcomplete tools such as First Aid equipment, computers, manual of occupationalhealth services, personal dust sample, should also make insident rate ofoccupational diseases and occupational accidents, the prevalence rate ofoccupational diseases and occupational accidents, as well as the number ofsickness absence due to common diseases, occupational diseases and occupationalaccidents.Key Word:Occupational health, occupational diseases, occupational accidents
In indonesia there are still many informal businesses who have not have accessoccupational health services. Occupational health problems program oftenoccurred due to the doctor puskesmas, the lack of knowledge of officers and kaderoccupational health. In Pesawaran District, there are the four be pilot programshealth effort work where already provided training to medical doctors and holderprogramme about occupational health and is has been done technical training andmonitoring.But, program health effort work at puskesmas not run. This study aimsto identify the constraints all that is for the implementation of program healtheffort work in the planning stages, the implementation and also evaluating.This research qualitative by using function management uses the method in-depthinterviews and review of documentation .Informants in this research was head ofdistrict health pesawaran , head of specific health and matra , the head ofpuskesmas , holders the program and representatives of the target .The result ofthis research namely the program health effort work had not been priority becausenot is a program basic puskesmas but some are suggested that there is nodifference between priority programs and development program .There is a lackof knowledge , the number of human resources involved in the program healtheffort work .On the budgeting side , program efforts kesehatnan work are budgetallocation good and the health effort work still integrated with other healthprogram .In addition , health effort program work also are not supported by properequipment and had no work plan .And also the involvement of a target that is lessactive as well as environmental conditions that not in favor of security side .Thisresearch concluded that the program working health effort in kabupatenpesawaran had not been a priority because entered into a program to develop andhas not diukung the presence of human resources sufficient , there was no budgetallocation , there is no equipment and the work plan , the involvement of thecommunity is still less active as well as the environment less supportive .In addition , health effort program work also are not supported by properequipment and had no work plan .And also the involvement of a target that is lessactive as well as environmental conditions that not in favor of security side .Thisresearch concluded that the program working health effort in kabupatenpesawaran had not been a priority because entered into a program to develop andhas not diukung the presence of human resources sufficient , there was no budgetallocation , there is no equipment and the work plan , the involvement of thecommunity is still less active as well as the environment less supportive .Hence ,health effort program work will need to be included in the work plan whether it isin health department and public health center . And the existence of the budgetallocation for the program as well as improving the quality of human resourcesand also that support equipment of the program and need cooperation cross-sectors to be more maximize the implementation of health effort program work inpublic health .Key words: Occupational Health Service, Occupational Health in Public HealthCenter, Policy, Management Programmes, Public Health Centers.
