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Penyakit malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama kerena sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia masih merupakan daerah endemis. Upaya penanggulangan malaria telah dilakukan, namun di beberapa daerah prevalensi malaria masih sangat tinggi. Papua merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan angka kasus tertinggi. Selama ini penanggulangan malaria dilakukan secara terpusat tanpa basis data yang mendukung, sehingga perencanaan program belum memberikan gambaran masalah lokal daerah untuk tindakan intervensi yang efektif. Penanganan terhadap malaria hendaknya bersifat spasial, oleh karena itu diperlukan evaluari terhadap komponen yang memerlukan perubahan dan perbaikan. Evaluasi program yang dilakukan selama ini dengan menilai pencapaian target terhadap indikator yang telah ditentukan tanpa melihat faktor lain yang mungkin berpengaruh terhadap penularan malaria. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis spasial, akan dilihat faktor lingkungan khususnya ketinggian tempat dan jumlah hari hujan, terhadap kasus malaria baik klinis maupun positif. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis studi riset operasional, dengan melalukan pengumpulan data sekunder di Subdit P2 malaria Depkes. hasil keluaran penelitian ini adalah model evaluasi program penanggulangan malaria. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan melalui pemilihan model, mekanisme proses sampai pada tahap analsis, yang akan menghasilkan model evaluasi program penanggulangan malaria di Papua. Hasil penelitian berupa hasil analisis spasial beberapa variabel, berupa peta tematik angka malaria klinis per kabupaten, ketinggian tempat, jumlah hari hujan dan perta klasifikasi kabupaten berdasarkan AMI, ketinggian tempat dan jumlah hari hujan serta informasi wilayah kabupaten yang prioritas untuk dilakukan intervensi dan tidak. Terjadi kecenderungan bahwa ketinggian tempat mempengaruhi peningkatan angka malaria klinis. Semakin tinggi tempat, angka malaria klinis cenderung semakin kecil. Berdasarkan jumlah hari hujan, tidak ditemukan pola yang menetap, namun ada kecenderungan jumlah hari hujan sedang dan rendah memungkinkan angka kasus klinis cenderung tinggi. Model evaluasi yang dikembangkan masih sangan sederhana karena keterbatasan data. Model ini sangat tergantung pada kelengkapan data, sehingga apabila ingin mengembangkan model ini lebih lanjut diperlukan basis data yang lengkap.
Malaria disease is still a significant health problem because most of Indonesia regions are still endemic areas. Malaria eradication efforts have been conducted, but malaria prevalence is still very high at some areas. Papua is one of the regions with the highest case number. Malaria eradication has been conducted centrally without data base supporting, so that program planning does not give yet the illustration of local problem for the effective intervention action. Handling of malaria should have a spatial character, therefore it is important to evaluate component which needs an amendment and modification. Program evaluations that have been conducted before by evaluating a purpose attainment of determined indicator without looking the other factors that is possible to affect a malaria infection. Therefore, this research used a spatial analysis. It found an environmental factor, especially height of place and day number of rain toward malaria case both of clinic and positive. This research is an operational study, collected a secondary data at Sub-Directorate of malaria eradication and prevention in Health Ministry. Output result of this research is model evaluation program of malaria eradication. Research steps were conducted by model election, process mechanism and analysis phase that result an evaluation model of malaria eradication program in Papua. Research result is a spatial analysis result of some variables, such as thematic map of clinic malaria number each sub-province, height of place, day number of rain and classification map of sub-province based on Annual Malaria Incident, height of place and day number of rain, and also regional information of sub-province which has a priority to be intervened or not. It happen a tendency that height of place related to increase clinic number of malaria. The highest place will make a clinic number of malaria is smaller. According to day number of rain, there was not found a remain design, but the tendency of day number of rain was sufficient and lower, so it was possible a clinic case number highly, Developed evaluation model was still very simple because of data limitation. This model was very depend on data equipment, so if wishing to develop this model, it was important a completed data base.
Geographically, Indonesia indeed, lies on high-risk natural disaster, like earthquake, tsunami, landslide, flood, typhoon, drainage and epidemic diseases. Besides, there are other disasters might happen due to the awareness and failure in managing natural resources and environment, such as, haze, environment pollution, traffic accident and technology failure. One of disasters that often occurred in some region is social riot, caused by poverty, culture conflict, injustice in natural resources distribution, social economic gap, different ethnic, religion and races or the intervention of other countries. Health crisis response caused by those stated disasters can be handled quickly and accurately if it is supported by quick, accurate and exact information. In order to gain the quick, accurate and exact information above, it is necessary to develop information system that can be applied as the base of the appropriate decision making in conducting the intervention. The aim of the development of system is to form disaster information system to make an appropriate decision in responding to health crisis. The system development methodology applied is the approach System Development Life Cycle which consists of planning system and visible analysis, analysis toward system, system design and system implementation. Information system is conducted by identifying the opportunity of system development. Based on the analysis of economic visibility, techniques and organization Information System for Health Crisis Response Consequence of Disaster in Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, may still be further developed. Designing system is organized by data based design output design in table and input design in report form. Some advantages of system developed are the use of form and data base management in data entry, use automatic will be more structured and quick process in data processing, report can be directly printed and data developed in table. Meanwhile, the constraint from the developing system is it is still needed to be further developed and has not been justified in implementation stage in Health Provincial Office and Health District Office. It is advisable that there is a supporting policy in regulating the implementation Information System for Health Crisis Response Consequence of Disaster, both in province and district, including feedback mechanism and sustainable control so that the reporting process of health crisis response of disaster can be operated well. Key words : SIB-PMK
Pelaporan pelayanan KIA secara rutin setiap bulan telah dilakukan oleh puskesmas di Kota Tangerang, waiaupun masih ada yang belum tepat waktu. Laporan pelayanan KIA puskesmas berasal dari PWS KIA dan LB3 Puskesmas. Laporan texsebut merupakan alat manajemen program KIA untuk memantau calcupan pelayanan KIA diwilayah kexja puskesmas. Pemanfaatan laporan tersebut sudah dilakukau dalam memantau dan mengevaluasi program KIA di puskesmas. Analisis terhadap laporan tersebut sudah dilakukan dalam bentuk narasi, tabel atau grafik, demikian juga umpan balik ke puskesmas dilakukan melalui supervisi atap rapat rutin tiga bulanan di Seksi KIA dan KB. Namun demikian, analisis terhadap cakupan pelayanan KIA dikaitkan dengan ketersediaan layanan KIA dimasing-masing puskesmas belum optimal dilakukan. Dengan aglanya evaluasi program KIA dengan analisis spasial maka dapat diketahui keterkaitan tingkat cakupan pelayanau KIA dengan ketersediaan layanan KIA di setiap puskesmas. Hasil analisis tersebut ditampilkan dalam bentuk peta tematik sehingga lebih memudahkan bagi manajemen dalam melakukan evaluasi program KIA. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan plating posisi puskesmas dalam peta. Pengembangan sistem menggunakan pendekatan analisis sistem mulai dari mengidentitikasi masalah sampai pada menentukan data yang dibutuhkan sistem. Kemudian mendisain sisten; mulai dari pengumpulan, pengolahan dan penyajian data serta perancangan program aplikasinya. Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan analisis spasial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terbentuknya prototipe pengembangan analisis spasial PWS KIA secara komputerisasi dengan menghasilkan informagsi dalam bentuk peta cakupan pelayanan KIA dikaitkan dengan ketersediaan layanan KIA. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut puskesmas yang ada di Kota Tangerang dapat diklasiiikasikan berdasarkan tingkat cakupan indikator KIA dan ketersediaan pelayanan KIA. Ada 8 puskesmas dengan tingkat cakupan indikator KIA masuk kategori baik dan 4 diantaranya adalah ketersediaan pelayanan KIA-nya kurang yaitu Puskesmas Cipondoh, Kunciran, Neglasari dan Jatiuwung. Sebaliknya ada 7 puskesmas dengan indikator KIA kurang dan 4 diantaranya ketersediaan pelayanan KIA cukup yaitu Puskesmas Jurumudi Baru, Gembor, Kedaung Wetan dan Pasar Baru.
Reporting of MCH services regularly each month had been undertaken by Tangerang City community health center (puskesmas), although it was not reported on time. Puskesmas MCH service taken from MCH Local Area Monitoring (Pemarztauan Wilayah Setempat) and MCH/Family Planning Monthly Report (LB3). These reports are a management tool for monitoring of MCH services coverage at puskesmas working area. The reports had been utilized in monitoring and evaluating of MCH Program at puskesmas. Then, it analyzed in types of narration, table, and graphic. In addition, the feed back to puskesmas given by supervision or three-monthly regular meeting at MCH Section and Family Planning. However, analysis for MCH service coverage related to the availability of MCH services in each puskesmas had not been implemented optimally. Through MCH Program evaluation with spatial analysis, the association between MCH service coverage level and its availability in each puskesmas known. The result of analysis presented in thematic map in order to facilitate evaluation of MCH Program by management. Data collection methods are observation, interview, and plotting of puskesmas in map. The system development using system analysis approach starting from the problem identification until data determination needed by system. Then, system design starting fiom data collection, analysis, and presentation and also the design of application program. The final step is spatial analysis. The product of research is prototype of MCH Local Area Monitoring (Pemanfauan Wilayah Serempat) spatial analysis development by computerization. The prototype of information is map of MCH service coverage related to the MCH Program availability. Hence, all puskesmas in Tangerang City classified based on the level of MCH indicator coverage and its availability. There were 8 puskesmas with its MCH indicator coverage level put in good category and four of them have poor MCH availability, namely Puskesmas Cipondoh, Kunciran, Neglasari, and Jatiuwung. In contrary, there were 7 puskesmas with poor MCH indicator. Four of them have enough the availabilities of MCH service i.e. Puskesmas Jurumudi Barn, Gembor, Kedaung Wetan and Pasar Baru.
In 2008, upon consideration of health care cost control, quality improvement, transparency and accountability changes made in mechanism of Asuransi Kesehatan Orang Miskin (Askeskin), and changed its name to Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas). Cirebon District Health Department has carried out monitoring and evaluation mechanism in Jamkesmas program at Central Public Health, although it is limited in making monthly reports of the program. Sometimes, the Health Department late on providing the report because they have to input and merge all health centers reports that is often given too late.
Background:The high cause of tuberculosis prevalence in Indonesia is the enough big of population number and the high density of Indonesian population especially in some of regions. The enough long treatment, 6 – 8 months cause many patients cannot settle their treatment completely. Beside that the discipline level of tuberculosis patient for drinking medicine is still low and tuberculosis attacked people with bad nutrient status and weak physical condition. While the system of recording and reporting of tuberculosis which were most complicated with registration form in number of 13 forms (TB 01 – 13) which was executed manually so that it is much possible that the mistake was happened at the time of filling and many found incomplete data. Incomplete data if it is processed, hence it will create improper information, so that said information cannot be used to prevent tuberculosis. Objective: The objective to be developed the former system becoming new system with automatic processing and calculation can give description of tuberculosis problem in East Jakarta Municipality. Methode: Method used in the development of information system of tuberculosis prevention is life cycle of system development consisting of pre analysis, planning and try out systems. Result: The result of system development is established information system prototype of tuberculosis prevention which can give description of tuberculosis condition in East Jakarta and give conducted description activity as well as help program manager in making work plan of annual program. The development of information system of tuberculosis prevention in East Jakarta for changing former system (TB electronic) represents one effort to handle tuberculosis problem in East Jakarta Municipality. With the establishment of this system, it will help in processing and analyzing tuberculosis data becoming information, such as percentage of new case invention, percentage of recovery, percentage of conversion, percentage of laboratory mistake, the path of new case distribution and drop out case and density population area and poor family (gakin) area, as well as give description of health center performance and health center distribution in servicing tuberculosis patient. Conclusion: Identification of the opportunity and feasibility for developing information system of tuberculosis prevention. Keyword: TBC, Information System of Tuberkulosis
