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ABSTRAK Retensi ARV Pada Pasien HIV Berdasarkan CD4 Awal Terapi ARV di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta Dari Tahun 2011 – 2014 Musa Rapang Perbedaan tingkatan imunodefesiensi memberikan kondisi klinis yang berbeda. Dampak perbedaan imunodefesiensi akan diperoleh retensi ARV yang berbeda pada tingkat imunodefesiensi berat dan sedang. Pasien dengan sistem imun yang baik (CD4 tinggi) kemungkinan akan memiliki retensi yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah perbedaan retensi ARV pada pasien HIV AIDS berdasarkan CD4 saat terapi ARV di RSPI Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan 223 sampel yang diambil dari data rekam medik rumah sakit dari tahun 2011 – 2014 dengan waktu pengamatan selama satu tahun. Pasien yang retensi ada 70.85% dengan insident rate lost to follow up 2.9 per 100 orang bulan. Retensi ARV pada pasien dengan CD4 200-350 sel/mm lebih baik dengan HRadj lost to follow up sebesar 0.27 (CI 95% : 0.1 – 0.8) kali lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Selain itu pasien memiliki CD4 200350 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal memiliki risiko lost to follow up yang lebih tinggi dengan HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% : 0.5 – 2.4) kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien yang memiliki CD4 < 200 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal. Perlu dilakukan monitoring klinis, eduksi dan dukungan kepada pasien tentang manfaat ARV khususnya pada pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Kata kunci : Retensi ARV, CD4 Awal, lost to follow up
ABSTRACT ARV Retention HIV Patients Based On Early CD4 Therapy In Hospital Infection Disease of Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta From Years 2011 - 2014 Musa Rapang The difference in the level of imunodefesiensi provide different clinical conditions. The impact will be acquired at different ARV retention rate of severe and moderate imunodefesiensi. HIV Patients with a good immune system (CD4 high) possibility have poor retention on antiretroviral drugs, so that the patient will tend to experience a lost to follow up. The purpose of this study was to see whether the difference in retention of antiretroviral drugs in HIV-AIDS patients by CD4 time ARV therapy in hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. This research using retrospective cohort design using 223 samples taken from hospital medical records from the years 20112014 with the observation time for one year. The number of patients there was 70.85% retention with number incidents of lost to follow-up rate of 2.9 per 100 person-months. Retention ARV based on baseline CD4 200-350 cells / mm better with HRadj of lost to follow-up at 0.27 (CI 95% :0.1 – 0.8) times slower compared to patients with CD4 <200 cells / mm 3 in the early stages having lost to follow-up speed faster with HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% :0.5 – 2.4) times faster compared with patients with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . In addition patients had CD4 200-350 cells / mm 3 early stage. Needed to monitoring, education and supporting to patient for benfit to use ARV especially to patient with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . Keywords: Retention ARV, CD4 Earlier, Lost to follow up
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still an issue in health sector in the world, particularly in Indonesia. Progression of disease is influenced by various factors including age, genetic, and other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and hepatitis, nutritional factors, and immunological status. ARV therapy has not been able to cure the disease yet is able to control the progression of HIV/AIDS by suppressing viral replication which reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections. Although the program has been implemented, the deaths from HIV continue to occur, especially in the first year of ARV treatment. This study aims to investigate the predictors related to death in HIV-AIDS patients with ARV therapy in Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital in Bogor in 2008-2012. The study design was retrospective cohort using ART registration data and Medical Record. Number of samples were 396 HIV patients with ARV therapy. Data analysis was performed using Cox Regression. The multivariate analysis showed that the predictors of deaths in HIV-AIDS patients with ARV therapy were functional baring status (RR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.32-4.11), heavy IO category (RR = 2.11, 95% CI : 1.26-3.54), and anemia status (RR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.74-3.77). Special attention and monitoring are required for HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral medications with functional status of baring, anemia, and having severe opportunistic infections. Keywords: ARV; HIV-AIDS; Retrospective cohort; Death; Predictors.
Penyakit HIV/AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Masalah yang berkembang adalah karena angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang masih tinggi, disebabkan antara lain karena keterlambatan mendapatkan pengobatan Anti Retroviral (ARV). Di Indonesia pengobatan ARV umumnya dimulai bila jumlah sel CD4 < 200 sel/mm 3 atau bila stadium klinis 3 atau 4. Informasi tentang pengaruh jumlah sel CD4 sebelum pengobatan ARV terhadap ketahanan hidup satu tahun pasien HIV/AIDS berdasarkan kelompok kategori 3 , 50- 3 dan > 200 sel/mm 3 , saat ini belum tersedia di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahuinya, maka dilakukan penelitian ini. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kematian pada populasi dinamis selama satu tahun (366 hari), dari Januari 2005 hingga Januari 2010. Subjek penelitian 158 pasien HIV/AIDS berusia > 15 tahun, naïve dan mendapat regimen ARV lini pertama di RSPI Prof.DR.Sulianti Saroso pada tahun 2005-2010. Prosedur analisis ketahanan hidup menggunakan metode Kaplan-Meier (product limit), analisis bivariat dengan Log rank test (Mantel cox) dan analisis multivariat dengan cox regression / cox proportional hazard model. Penelitian ini mendapatkan probabilitas ketahanan hidup keseluruhan satu tahun pasien HIV/AIDS dengan pengobatan regimen ARV lini pertama adalah 0,86 (CI 95% 0,79-0,91). Incident rate kematian (Hazard rate) kelompok jumlah sel CD4 3 adalah 8/10.000 orang hari (29/100 orang tahun), kelompok jumlah sel CD4 50-3 adalah 3/10.000 orang hari (11/100 orang tahun) dan kelompok jumlah sel CD4 > 200 sel/mm 3 adalah 2/10.000 orang hari (7/100 orang tahun). Hazard Ratio(HR)-adjusted kelompok jumlah sel CD4 <50 sel/mm 3 terhadap kelompok jumlah sel CD4 > 200 sel/mm 3 adalah 3,4 (p= 0,058 ; CI 95% : 0,96-12,16), HR-adjusted kelompok jumlah sel CD4 50-3 terhadap kelompok jumlah CD4 > 200 sel/mm 3 adalah 1,7 (p= 0,48 ; CI 95% : 0,4-7.04). HR-adjusted pasien dengan TB 3,57 kali terhadap pasien tanpa TB (p=0,015 ; CI 95% : 1,27-9,99). Jumlah sel CD4 sebelum pengobatan ARV tidak mempunyai pengaruh secara statistik terhadap ketahanan hidup satu tahun pasien HIV/AIDS yang mendapat regimen ARV lini pertama. Namun penelitian mendapatkan penyakit Tuberkulosis (TB) mempunyai pengaruh secara statistik terhadap ketahanan hidup satu tahun pasien HIV/AIDS yang mendapat regimen ARV lini pertama. Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, jumlah sel CD4, pengobatan ARV, ketahanan hidup satu tahun.
HIV/AIDS disease is one of public health concerns in Indonesia. The growing issues related to high morbidity and mortality rate. This is due to such as lately initiated of Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. In Indonesia ARV therapy is begun when the CD4 cell counts dropped below 200 cell/mm 3 or if clinical stadium fall into 3 rd th or 4 . Nowadays in Indonesia, Information about the influenced of baseline CD4 cell count to one year survival among patient HIV/AIDS with first line ARV regimen therapy, base on strata 3 , 50- 3 and > 200 cell/mm 3 was not available, therefore this research will be conducted. Study design was retrospective cohort, with one year (366 days) duration of observation to death, in dynamic population from January 2005 to January 2010. The subjects of study were 158 HIV/AIDS patients, with inclusion criteria: > 15 years old, naïve, and were treated by first line ARV regimen at RSPI Prof.DR. Sulianti Saroso in year 2005-2010. The procedures of survival analysis used Kaplan-Meier method (product limit), and Log rank test (Mantel cox) for bivariate analysis and cox regression / cox proportional hazard model for multivariat analysis. The overall of one year survival probability in HIV/AIDS patients with first line ARV regimen therapy was 0,86 (CI 95% 0,79-0,91). Incident rate of death (Hazard rate) in CD4 3 group was 8/10.000 persons days (29/100 persons years), in CD4 50-3 group was 3/10.000 persons days (11/100 persons years) and in CD4 > 200 cell/mm 3 group was 2/10.000 persons days (7/100 persons years). The Hazard Ratio(HR)-adjusted CD4 <50 cell/mm 3 patients compared to CD4 > 200 cell/mm 3 patients was 3,4 (p= 0,058 ; CI 95% : 0,96-12,16), the HR-adjusted CD4 50-3 patients compared to CD4 > 200 cell/mm 3 patients was 1,7 (p= 0,479 ; CI 95% : 0,4-7.04). HR- adjusted tuberculosis patients was 3,57 time more risk to death than patients without tuberculosis (p=0,015 ; CI 95% : 1,27-9,99). This study found that the baseline CD4 cell counts have not significant statistical associated to one year survival of HIV/AIDS patients with first line ARV regimen therapy, after has controlled to other independent variables. But this study found that tuberculosis has significant statistical association to one year survival of HIV/AIDS patients who received first line ARV regimen therapy. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, CD4 cell counts, treatment ARV, one year survival.
HIV tetap menjadi tantangan besar bagi kesehatan global. Meskipun telah terjadi penurunan infeksi baru dan peningkatan akses ke pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV), tantangan signifikan masih ada. Keberhasilan terapi ARV sangat ditentukan oleh kepatuhan minum obat ARV. Klinik PDP RSUD Brebes merupakan salah satu rumah sakit umum daerah yang menjalankan pengobatan HIV/AIDS yang ada di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Gambaran Ketidakpatuhan Minum Obat ARV Pada Pasien HIV/AIDS Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) Di Klinik PDP (Perawatan Dukungan & Pengobatan) RSUD Brebes. Untuk melihat gambaran ketidak patuhan minum obat ARV berdasarkan 6 komponen Health Belief Model yaitu Modifying Factors (Faktor Modifikasi), Perceived Susceptibility (Persepsi Kerentanan), Perceived Severity (Persepsi Keseriusan), Perceived Benefits (Persepsi Manfaat), Perceived Barriers (Persepsi Hambatan), Cues to Action (Isyarat untuk Bertindak) dan Self-Efficacy (Efikasi Diri). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih ditemukan ketidakpatuhan ODHIV LSL dalam pengambil obat di RSUD dan tidak rutin dalam minum obat ARV. Faktor Modifikasi yang mendukung pasien tidak patuh dalam pengobatan diantaranya pengetahuan dan sosial ekonomi. Persepsi Kerentanan terhadap tidak rutin minum obat ARV pasien akan merasakan badan tidak bersemangat dan mudah rentan dengan muncul penyakit-penyakit lain. Persepsi keseriusan akibat tidak rutin minum obat ARV, CD4 menurun, Viral Load meningkat, terjadi resisten obat ARV dan bisa mengakibatkan kematian. Persepsi manfaat yang dirasakan dari rutin minum obat ARV tubuh tetap sehat dan produktif. Hambatan yang dialami oleh pasien diantaranya efek samping obat, biaya pengobatan, jarak, pekerjaan, konsumsi alkohol/penggunaan popers, merasa diri sudah sehat dan belum buka status HIV dengan keluarga, menggunakan alaram, pengingat dari whatssap grup, sering berdiskusi dengan sesama sebaya dan konseling rutin dari petugas kesehatan merupakan isyarat untuk bertindak demikian juga dengan keyakinan diri untuk bisa minum obat ARV secara teratur.
HIV remains a major challenge for global health. Despite a decrease in new infections and increased access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, significant challenges persist. The success of ARV therapy is highly dependent on adherence to ARV medication. The PDP Clinic at RSUD Brebes is one of the regional public hospitals providing HIV/AIDS treatment in Brebes Regency, Central Java. This study aims to examine the Non-Adherence to ARV Medication among HIV/AIDS Patients who are Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) at the PDP (Care, Support & Treatment) Clinic of RSUD Brebes. It aims to explore non-adherence to ARV medication based on the six components of the Health Belief Model: Modifying Factors, Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, and Self-Efficacy. This research is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. The study shows that non-adherence among MSM HIV patients in taking medication at RSUD is still found, and they are not consistent in taking ARV medication. Modifying factors that contribute to non-adherence include knowledge and socioeconomic status. Perceived susceptibility to not regularly taking ARV medication includes feeling unenergetic and being more susceptible to other diseases. The perceived severity of not regularly taking ARV medication includes decreased CD4 count, increased viral load, ARV drug resistance, and potential death. The perceived benefits of regularly taking ARV medication include maintaining health and productivity. Barriers experienced by patients include medication side effects, treatment costs, distance, work, alcohol consumption/poppers use, feeling healthy, and not disclosing HIV status to family. Using alarms, reminders from WhatsApp groups, frequent discussions with peers, and regular counseling from healthcare workers are cues to action, along with self-confidence to regularly take ARV medication. Key words: HIV/AIDS, ARV Therapy, Non-compliance, MSM
The survival of HIV/AIDS patients is strongly influenced by the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation following diagnosis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the ART initiation period and three-year survival among HIV/AIDS patients in Bekasi District. A retrospective cohort design was used, based on secondary data from the HIV/AIDS Information System (SIHA) of Bekasi District, involving patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS during the 2017–2022 period. A total of 1,554 patients met the inclusion criteria. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to estimate survival probability, while time-dependent Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effect of ART initiation timing on the risk of death, controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, treatment-related, and behavioral variables. The results showed that the highest survival was observed among patients who initiated ART within
