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Salah satu penyakit yang dijadikan sebagai patokan penggunaan obat rasional adalah ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut), jika penyakit ini tidak mendapatkan pengobatan tidak benar dan tidak tepat, kemungkinan ISPA akan berlanjut menjadi pnemoni. Banyak penelitian menyatakan bahwa antibiotik diberikan dengan tidak benar pada penderita ISPA non pnemoni. Evaluasi Bidang Pelayanan Kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Majalengka melaporkan, tabun 2006 tingkat penggunaan antibiotik di puskesmas pada penderita ISPA non pnemoni mencapai 53,8% Desain penelitian ini cross sectional, Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner angket (self administration) dan dilengkapi dengan daftar monitoring peresepan diagnosis ISPA non pnemoni. Proporsi petugas kesehatan di puskesmas yang memberikan antibiotik pada penderita ISPA non pnemoni di Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2007 sebesar 75,2%. Proporsi karakteristik individu dominan pada petugas kesehatan yagn berumur muda (8,3%), tanaga medis (77,8%), masa kerja baru (76,9%), tidak pernah mendapat pelatihan (78,4%), pengetahuan kurang (78,8%), dan mempunyai sikap negativ (96,3%). Sedangkan karakteristik organisasi lebih dominan pada petugas kesehtan yang kurang didukung Kepala Puskesmas (88,5%), tidak pernah disupervisi (80,7), tidak ada buku pedoman pengobatan dasar (80,0%), dan kecukupan obat kurang (75,4%). Variabel yang dominan/utama berhubungan denagn perilaku pemberian antibiotik pada penderita ISPA non pnemoni adalah variabel sikap. Variabel konfondingnya ada variabel suspenvisi. Dinas Kesehatan, agar meningkatkan supervisi pengobatan rasional yang diarahkan pada anjurnn penggunaan buku pedoman pengobatan dasar, perlunya pelatihan pengobatan rasional dengan peserta minimal 3 orang petugas pelayan pengobatan dari puskesmas dan petugas dari pelayanan kesebatan swasta serta lebih meningkatkan freknensi evaluasi penggunaan obai rasional di puskesmas disertai umpan balik rutin setiap tiga bulan sekali. Kepala puskesmas lebih mendukung upaya pengobatan rasional dan mengevaluasi secara rutin dan mensosialisasikan obat rasional kepada masyarekat yang berkunjung ke puskesmas. Perlunya penelitian dengan metode Dislrusi Kelompok Terarah (DKl) meliputi aspek kebijakan sistem perencanaan dan pengelolaan obat di puskesmas.
One of the discase that become a standard of rational medicine using is ISPA (Acute Respiratory Infection), if this discase do not obtain correct and exact mediacation, ISPA possibility will continue become pneumonic. Many reserches state that antibiotic gave invorrectly to ISPA non-pneumonic patient reach 53,8%. This research is using cross sectional design. Data gathering is using self-administration questioner and completed with prescription monitoring list of ISPA non-pneumonic diagnosis. Health staffs proportion in puskesmas that give antiviotic to ISPA non-pneumonic patient in Majalengka District year 2007 is 75,2%. This proportion is dominant in young health staff (8,3%), medical staff (77,8%), new work length (76,9%), never participate in training (78,4%), lack of education (78,9%) and negative attitude (96,3%). Antibiotic distribution is dominant in health staffs that less supported by puskesmas chief (88,5%), never supervised (80,7%), no standard medication guidance (80,0%) and lack of medicine availability (75,4%). Dominant variable that related with giving antiviotic behavior to ISPA non-pneumonic patient are age, attitude, availability of standard medication guidance book. support from puskesmas chief and health agency supervislon. The most dominant variable related with giving antibiotic behavior is staffs attitude (OR = 8.134). Suggested to Health Agency increasing rational medicine supervision that directed on using standard medication guidance book, require rational medicine training with minimal participants of 3 medication staffs from puskesmas and staffs from private health service also increasing frequency of rational medicine using evaluation in puskesmas along with routine feedback once evecy 3 months. Puskesmas chief is more supporting effort of rational medication and evaluating rontinely and socializing rational medication to public that visiting puskesmas. Require research with Directed Group Discussion (DKT) method including aspect of planning system policy and medicine management in puskesmas.
Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi yang dapat terjadi di rumah sakit yaitu untuk mencegah bahaya infeksi nosokomial atau HAIs (Hospital Acquired Infections) khususnya pada petugas laundry rumah sakit yang melakukan pengelolaan linen dan berkontak langsung dengan sumber penyebab infeksi yaitu linen infeksius. Kejadian HAIs di Indonesia mencapai angka prevalensi tertinggi se Asia Tenggara yaitu sebesar 30,4% pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikapdengan perilaku penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) pada petugas laundry dalam pengelolaan linen di Rumah Sakit Kota Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu data primer menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2024 di Rumah Sakit yang ada di Kota Pontianak. Sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan petugas laundry yang ada di Rumah Sakit Kota Pontianak berjumlah 51 orang dengan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petugas laundry yang memiliki rerata nilai pengetahuan cenderung rendah yaitu sebesar 5,73 dan rerata nilai sikap yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 9,25. Secara statistik didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan (p value = 0,122) dan sikap (p value = 0,402) dengan perilaku penggunaan APD pada petugas laundry. Disarankan agar pihak rumah sakit lebih memperhatikan dan berperan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan petugas laundry melalui pelatihan ataupun edukasi yang lebih merata, memfasilitasi APD lengkap dan pengawasan di Unit Laundry serta perlu adanya peran dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat ataupun Dinas Kesehatan Kota Pontianak untuk meningkatkan pengawasan serta kompetensi petugas laundry yang ada di Rumah Sakit Kota Pontianak. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku, Petugas Laundry, Rumah Sakit.
The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is an important aspect in efforts to prevent and control infections that can occur in hospitals, namely to prevent the dangers of nosocomial infections or HAIs (Hospital Acquired Infections), especially for hospital laundry officers who manage linen and have direct contact with sources of infection, namely infectious linen. The incidence of HAIs in Indonesia reached the highest prevalence rate in Southeast Asia, namely 30.4% in 2022. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the behavior of using personal protective equipment (PPE) in laundry officers in linen management at Pontianak City Hospital. This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design. The data source for this study is primary data using a questionnaire. This study was conducted in July-August 2024 at a Hospital in Pontianak City. The sample in this study was 51 laundry officers at Pontianak City Hospital using a total sampling technique. The results of the study showed that most laundry officers had a low average knowledge score of 5.73 and a high average attitude score of 9.25. Statistically, it was found that there was no significant relationship between knowledge (p value = 0.122) and attitude (p value = 0.402) with the behavior of using PPE in laundry officers. It is recommended that the hospital pay more attention and play a role in improving the knowledge of laundry officers through more even training or education, facilitating complete PPE and supervision in the Laundry Unit and there needs to be a role from the West Kalimantan Provincial Health Office or the Pontianak City Health Office to improve supervision and competence of laundry officers at the Pontianak City Hospital. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Laundry Staff, Hospital
Mental disorders are a global health problem. This is also supported by the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for prevention to maintain mental health, including by increasing mental health literacy. This study aims to determine the description of mental health literacy in undergraduate students at Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi 2021 and its relationship with individual characteristics. Data collection was carried out through filling out online questionnaires to 146 undergraduate students selected through a quota per faculty. The research was carried out in April-December 2021 at the 45 Islamic University, Bekasi. The results showed that the average mental health literacy score was 69.85 out of a scale of 100. There was a significant relationship between gender and pocket money with the level of mental health literacy. These results suggest mental health interventions through education by holding public lectures or webinars, joint sports activities, and bazaars. In addition, the university can reactivate the psychological service unit, provide a call center and mental health online services, and provide input to academic supervisors to monitor students, both academically and physically and psychologically. Keywords: mental health literacy, students, individual characteristics
Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebesar 16,1% ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif. Berdasarkan uji statistik diketahui pendidikan (p=0,021 OR=8,365), pengetahuan (p=0,032 OR=3,704) dan sikap (p=0,000 dan OR=11,282) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Disarankan kepada Dinas kesehatan dan Puskesmas Kelurahan Petukangan Utara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan menyusui melalui berbagai program penyuluhan, konseling, dan membuat kelompok atau kelas ibu hamil dengan memperbanyak materi tentang ASI eksklusif.
Kata kunci : Pemberian ASI eksklusif, Pengetahuan, Sikap
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as no other food or drink, not even water, except breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse) for 6 months of life, but allows the infant to receive ORS, drops and syrups (vitamins, minerals and medicines). Percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in North Petukangan Village Health Center in 2013 known about 57.77%. This study aimed to determine the relationship characteristics, knowledge and attitudes of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding in North Petukangan Village Health Center in South Jakarta 2014. This study used a cross-sectional design, which was done in December 2014 with a total sample of 112 mothers were having babies aged 6-12 months. Data collected by interviews and using questionnaires as the instrument.
The results of a study reported by 16,1% of exclusively breastfeeding. Based on statistical test known to education (p=0,021 OR=8,365), knowledge (p=0,032 OR=3,704) and attitude (p= 0,000 OR=11,282) had a significant association with exclusive breastfeeding. Suggested to to the Department of Health and North Petukangan Village Health Center to increase the knowledge of pregnant and lactating women through a variety of programs, such as education, counseling, and make a group or class of pregnant women with reproduce materials exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Knowledge, Attitude
Mutu pelayanan kesehatan puskesmas se Kabupaten Musi Rawas Propinsi Sumatera Selatan sebagian besar masih kurang baik. Ini dapat diketahui dari hasil survei Dinas Kesehatan tahun 2005 terhadap pasien rawat jalan maupun rawat inap di puskesmas, Data Dinas Kesehatan, dan hasil survei petugas yang ada di puskesmas se Kabupaten Musi Rawas tahun 2005. Hal ini disebabkan karena dampak dari kepuasan kerja petugas kesehatan yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik individu dan kepuasan kerja petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas se Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional, dengan data primer dari 232 sampel yang diambil di 22 puskesmas yang ada, dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2006. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji "Chi Square", dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik Banda. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan lebih dari setengah jumlah responden merasa tidak puas terhadap kepuasan kerja. Pada uji bivariat adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, tanggungan, masa kerja, dan pangkat/golongan dengan faktor kepuasan ekstrinsik. Adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dengan faktor kepuasan instrinsik, dan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, tanggungan, masa kerja, dan pangkat/golongan dengan dengan kepuasan kerja. Karakteristik individu yang paling berhubungan dengan faktor kepuasan ekstrinsik adalah masa kerja responden, dan dengan faktor kepuasan instrinsik adalah umur responden, sedangkan dengan kepuasan kerja adalah pangkat/golongan responden. Faktor-faktor kepuasan ekstrinsik yang paling berhubungan terhadap faktor kepuasan ekstrinsik adalah supervisi, dan faktor-faktor kepuasan instrinsik yang paling berhubungan terhadap faktor kepuasan instrinsik adalah pengakuan. Sedangkan faktor kepuasan kerja yang paling berhubungan pada analisis ini adalah faktor kepuasan ekstrinsik. Diketahuinya tingkat kepuasan kerja responden lebih dari setengah jumlah responden merasa tidak puas terhadap kepuasan kerja, dan karakteristik individu yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja adalah pangkat/golongan sedangkan faktor-faktor kepuasan kerja yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja adalah faktor kepuasan ekstrinsik. Dinas Kesehatan dan pimpinan puskesmas dalam perencanaan tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas perlu dipertimbangkan variasi dari karakteristik individu dan faktor-faktor kepuasan kerja yang diperkirakan akan mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja petugas.
Health service quality in Puskesmas of Musi Rawas district, South Sumatera Province mostly is not good enough, reflection of this condition can see from Health district survey result for outpatient and inpatient in Puskesmas, based on Health office of Musi Rawas district data and based on available survey result in Puskesmas in 2005. Those all things happened due to decreasing job satisfaction of health staff. The research aim was known relationship between individual characteristics and job satisfaction staff in Puskesmas of Musi Rawas district. Research design used cross sectional survey, using primer data sample 232 that took from whole 22 Puskesmas and executing during January until March 2006. Univariat analysis used for data analysis, bivariat analysis used Chi Square test and multivariat analysis used Logistic Regression. Analysis result can get more than 50% respondent feel unsatisfied for the job satisfaction. Bivariat test shows relationship value between age, life burden, working period and level/rank with extrinsic satisfaction factor. Relationship value also can see between age and intrinsic satisfaction factor, also can see relationship value between age, life burden, working period and level rank with job satisfaction. Respondent working period is dominant individual characteristic that having relationship with extrinsic satisfaction factor and for intrinsic satisfaction factor is respondent age then for job satisfaction is respondent level/rank. A dominant extrinsic satisfaction factor of extrinsic satisfaction factor is supervision, and dominant intrinsic factor for intrinsic satisfaction factor is recognizer. Then extrinsic satisfaction factor is dominant factor for job satisfaction. The knowing of job satisfaction level respondent is 50% more feel unsatisfied and individual characteristics that influence job satisfaction is level/rank then job satisfaction factors that influence job satisfaction is extrinsic satisfaction factor. Health district and puskesmas director in charge person necessary to consider variation of individual character and job satisfaction factors that influence staff job satisfaction when make health man power plan.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes melitus, rawat jalan tingkat lanjut, rumah sakit, biaya
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing epidemic and the cost of treating diabetes is largely increasing. The objective of this study was to know cost of diabetes among member of JPK PT Jamasostek (Persero) whom attends at out-patient care hospitals in Jakarta, and to know cost comparison of diabetes at out-patient hospital. This study use quantitative research that has descriptive characteristic. From the total diabetes cost components, the cost for medicine represents the largest share (40%-60%), followed by laboratory cost (24%-36%), and consultation cost (10%-12%). The annual mean outpatient cost for each person with diabetes was Rp 400,280-Rp 1,141,372. The cost burden of DM at outpatient care hospitals is 2.2%-6.2% from income per month. That burden could be saved by prevention, earlier detection, and a reduction in diabetes co-morbidities and complications through improved diabetes care. Large scale and cost-effective prevention programs need to be initiated to maximize health gains and to reverse the advance of this epidemic.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, out-patient, hospital, cost
