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Pembentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia berawal dari masa prenatal (Barker, 1994, dalam Hardinsyah, dick., 2000). Masa prenatal merupakan masa yang akan menentukan kehidupan generasi yang akan datang, salah satu gangguan pertumbuhan prenatal akan mengakibatkan bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Prevalensi BBLR di Indonesia masih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 13% (Dep.Kes.R1, 2002). Prevalensi BBLR di RSU Cibabat Cirnahi tahun 2005 sebesar 18,78%, untuk itu perlu dikaji faktor-faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan BBLR di RSU Cibabat Cimahi 2006. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi BBLR, dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan BBLR di RSU Cibabat Cimahi 2006. Banyak faktor yang diduga berhubungan dengan BBLR. Faktor yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah faktor ibu (umur ibu, paritas, berat badan bulan pertarna hatnil, jarak kelahiran, peningkatan berat badan ibu selarna hamil, tinggi badan ibu, IMT ibu bulara pertama hamil); faktor janin (jenis keIamin bayi); faktor sosio ekonomi (pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu); dan faktor pelayanan kesehatan (pelayartan antenatal). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 1 September sarnpai 30 Desember 2006, pada ibu yang inelahirkau BBLR Jan BBLN di RSU Cibabat Dengan meenggunakan rancangan penelitian ka,sus-kontroi. Kasus adalah bayi yang dilahirkan dengan berat badan kurang dari 2500 gr, sedangkan kontrol adalah bayi yang dilahirkan dengan berat badan lebih atau sama dengan 2500 gr. Sampel sebanyak 340 orang, dengan jumlah sampel kasus 85 orang dan sampel kontrol 255 orang. Pengurnpulan data dilakukan melalui telaah rekam medik, wawancara dan pengukuran. Data dianalisis dengan tahapan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara jarak kelahiran (0R=1,75), 13B ibu bulan pertama hamil (OR=2,44), peningkatan BB ibu seIama hamil (OR-2,94), tinggi badan ibu (OR=7,71), penyakit ibu selama hamil jenis kelamin bayi (0R=1,80), pendidikan ibu (0R=2, 14), dan pelayanan antenatal (OR=3,43)dengan BBLR. Dan hasil analisis multivariat, variabel yang dorninan yang berhubungan dengan BBLR adalah tinggi badan ibu dengan OR=7,694. Program-program yang rnenunjang kesehatan ibu hamil sangat diperlukan. Program ini tidak hanya ditujukan bagi ibu hamil tapi juga,bagi rernaja putri dan wanita usia subur. Untuk menunjang pelaksanaan program ini perlu adanya kerjasama yang balk antara Departemen Kesehatan RI, fasilitas kesehatan dan masyarakat.
Development of human resource quality depends on prenatal period (Barker, 1994 in Hardiansyah, et.al , 2000). Prenatal period are to decide after generation livelihood, failure to growth during this period as simply reflected by low birth weight (LBW). Prevalence of LBW in Indonesia is quite high, that is 13% (MOH RI, 2002). Prevalence of LBW in Hospital Cibabat Cimahi 2005, that is 18,78%. These evidences need to be elaborated as to find factors related to LBW in Hospital Cibabat Cimahi year 2006. The objective of this study is prevalence LBW, and to investigate factors related to LBW in Hospital Cibabat Cimahi year 2096. Among others, factors under investigation include mothers factors (age, parity, interval parity, weight pre pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, height, BMI, infection); foetus factors (gender); sosio economic faktors (education, worked); health care factors (antenatal care). This study was conducted during period of 1 September-30 Desember 2006, among mothers who delivered LBW infants and normal infants in Hospital Cibahat Cimahi. Using cases-control design. Cases are LBW (=2500 grams) newborn infants. Number of sample was 340, where cases was 85 and controls 255 newborn infants. Data were collected by documentation study throught medical record, interview, and measurer. Data were then analyzed univariately, bivariately, multivariately. Bivariate analysis showed that there is relationship between interval parity (OR=1,75), weight pre pregnancy (OR=2,44), weight gain during pregnancy (OR=2,94), height (OR=7,71), infection (OR--4,60), gender (OR=1,80), education (0R=2,14), antenatal care (OR=3,43) and BBLR. The multivariat analysis, with height as the most dominant factor OR=7,694. Programs that supported the health of pregnant mother are considered necessary. The program is not solely targeted to the pregnant mothers, but also to the adolescent girls and other women at reproductive age. To implement such program, collaboration with other institutions, such as the ministry of health, health facilities and the community itself, is urgently needed.
This dissertation aims to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of a positive deviation of growth until the age of five months and experience the positive deviant behavior in families with low economic status. The research type is a combination of quantitative research (prospective cohort) with qualitative research (Rapid Assessment Procedure). The sample size was 61 infants of low birth weight (2000-2499 g) were born at term. Samples were obtained from 5 hospitals 7 midwife clinics in the city of Pekanbaru. The results showed that at the age of five months of positive growth deviation of 65.6%. Factors that influence breastfeeding, infant health and caring environment. Positive Deviants behavior is the frequency of breastfeeding within 24 hours more than 12 times, check the health of babies born after one week, mother to keep the house, father helped care for infants, a decision with his mother and grandmother in infant feeding.
The prevalence of LBW in Indonesia based on the 2013 Basic Health Research was 10.2% with the proportion of LBW in urban and rural areas 9.4% and 11.2%. This study aims to analyze the dominant factors on LBW occurrence in urban and rural areas in Indonesia. This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. Respondents in this study were 11,188 woman of childbearing age divided into 5,852 in urban areas and 5,336 in rural areas. The results of research in Indonesia showed a significant relationship between respondent’s education level (p = 0,000; OR = 1,471; 95% CI = 1,252-1,730), the frequency of antenatal care (p = 0,000; OR = 1,713; 95% CI = 1,317-2,229 ), gestational age at first examination (p = 0.026; OR = 1,246; 95% CI = 1,031-1,505), and total iron tablet consumption (p = 0,000; OR = 1,312; 95% CI = 1,131-1,621) with LBW. While in urban areas, factors related to LBW are parity (p = 0.039; OR = 1,258; 95% CI = 1,018-1,555), respondent’s education level (p = 0.001; OR = 1,542; 95% CI = 1,199-1,983) and total iron tablet consumption (p = 0.020; OR = 1,283; 95% CI = 1,044-1,576), and in rural areas is respondent’s education level (p = 0.002; OR = 1,423; 95% CI = 1,145-1,769), the frequency of antenatal care ( p = 0,000; OR = 1,878; 95% CI = 1,345-2,622), place of antenatal care (p = 0.037; OR = 0.781; 95% CI = 0.622-0.980), and total iron tablet consumption (p = 0.010; OR = 1.336 95% CI = 1,075-1,660). The most dominant factor for LBW occurrence in Indonesia and rural areas is the frequency of antenatal care, while in urban areas is the education level of respondents. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that socialization and education related to pregnancy such as regular pregnancy checks, increasing formal education level of woman of childbearing age, and regular consumption of TTD.
Menstruasi pertama atau menarche adalah tanda dimulainya haid yaitu keluamya cairan darah berupa luruhnya lapisan dinding dalam rahim yang banyak mengandung pembuluh darah. Secara umum menarche merupakan dimulainya kematangan kapasitas reproduksi seorang wanita dengan ditandai berkembangnya karakteristik seksual sekunder seorang wanita. Keadaan ini menandakan kesiapan seorang wanita untuk berhubungan seksual, hamil dan melahirkan. Jika dalam usia remaja telah terjadi kehamilan maka akan terjadi kompetisi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi antara kebutuhan untuk bertumbuh remaja itu sendiri dengan kebutuhan gizi untuk janin yang dikandungnya. Dengan demikian akan terjadi kekurangan gizi diantara keduanya, akan terjadi gizi kurang dan anemia untuk ibunya sedangkan untuk bayi akan lahir dengan berat badan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan diperolehnya informasi tentang hubungan faktor berat badan lahir, status gizi (IM1) dan pola konsumsi iemak, persen lemak tubuh, sosial ekonomi orangtua, umur menarche ibu keterpaparan media massa dan aktivitas olahraga dengan umur menarche remaja putri 9- 15 tahun di Perunmas Kp Baru Kota Pariaman. Waktu penelitian pada bulan Maret - April 2007 dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional dan bersifat deskriptif analitik. Besar sampel sebanyak 255 remaja putri. Analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap dimulai dari univariat untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel, bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan masing-masing variabel independen dengan variabel status menarche (chi square) dan multivariat untuk mengetahui fuktor yang paling dominan dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 255 responden sebanyak 158 orang (61,9 %) telah menarche. Rata- rata umur menarche adalah 12,1 ± 0,91 tahun. Umur menarche termuda 9,2 tahun dan tertua adalah 14 tahun. Berat badan lahir responden lebih besar atau sama dengan 2.500 gram (86,5 %), status gizi responden kategori normal (78,8 %), persen lemak tubuh kategori normal (62,4%) , FFQ konsumsi lemak dengan kategori sering berturut-turut !auk hewani, !auk nabati dan makananjajanan (53,3 %, 50,5% dan 52,6 %), pendidikkan orangtua SLTA (41,2 %). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara berat badan lahir, status gizi, persen lemak tubuh, Frekuensi lauk nabati, uang jajan, status pekerjaan ayah dan aktivitas olahraga dengan status menarche. Dari basil uji multivariat terdapat 4 variabel independen berhubungan secara be!lilllkna dengan status menarche yaitu variabel status gizi, frekuensi lauk nabati, berat badan lahir, dan persen lernak tubuh dengan status menarch. Status gizi rnerupakan faktor yang paling dominan. Rernaja dengan status gizi baik lebih cepat menarche 11,320 kali dibandingkan remaja dengan status gizi kurang setelah dikontrol oleh, persen lemak tubuh, berat badan lahir dan frekuensi !auk nabati. Oleh sebab itu disarankan untuk rneningkatkan program promosi kesehatan khususnya kebutuhan gizi remaja untuk menanggulangi kekurangan gizi yang berakibat teljadinya berat badan lahir rendah. Program promosi gizi dan kesehatan reproduksi sudah harus diberikan sedini mungkin, karena remaja mernerlukan persiapan gizi yang baik untuk menjadi calon ibu untuk dapat melahirkan anak dengan berat badan bayi lebih besar dari 2.500 gram.
First menstruation or menarche is a sign of menstruation started when blood drew from process of uterus partition shedding which have some blood vessel. In general menarche is a maturity of women's reproduction capacity which signed by women's secondary sexual grow. In this condition, women ready for sexual activities, pregnant and get birth. This a faster women get menarche the sooner they can do active sexual activities, pregnant and birth deliveri. If young girls had pregnant can be competition in nutrient need between young girl's needed and fetoes needed that hers pregnancies on the other hand. So can be malnutrition all of them, calories protein malnutrition and anemia for young girls and giving low birth weight for the baby. This research's aim to have some information about the relation of birth weight, nutrition status (BMI), body fat percentage, fat consumption, the girls snack cost, mother's menarche age, parent's social economic (education, occupation, income of parents,have children, nwnber of family size, cost of day food) explanted of information of adult's mass media and sport activities with menarche status of young girls 9 - 15 years old in Perumnas Kp Baru Pariaman City. Research Period on March - April 2007 by cross sectional design and descriptive analytic. The nwnber of samples are 255 young girls is taken randomly from the estate. The data analysis including univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). The finding of result are found that 255 respondent, 158 samples (61,9 %) have menarche. The average of the age of menarche 12,1± 0,91 years. The youngest age of menarche 9,2 years old and the oldest is 14 years. Birth weight respondent 2.500 grams (86,5 %), nutrition status respondent in normal category (78,8 %), body fut percentage in normal category (62,4 %), Frequency fat conswnption with category often in succession animal fat, vegetables fut and snack (53,3 %, 50,5 %, and 52,6 %), parent's education categories are senior high school (41,2 %). Bivariat analysis result shows significant relation between birth weight, nutrition status, body fat percentage , Frequency of vegetable fat, the girls snack cost, father job's status and sport activities with menarche status. According to result of multivariate research, there's 4 independent variable that significant relation with menarche status that are birth weight, nutrition status variable, frequency of vegetable fat and body fat percentages with menarche status. The dominant factor is nutrition status because the Odds Ratio value of nutrition status is the highest than others variables. Young girls whose good nutrition status occurring of menarche 11,320 times than young girls whose under nutrition status after controlled birth weight, body fat percentages and frequency of vegetables fat variables. We suggest to promote teenager nutrient needs and the risks/ danger of food lack and teenager reproduction health information has known in earlier age,because young girls needs good nutrition preparing tobe good mother whose have a baby birth weight more than 2.500 grams.