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Dalam penulisan resep, pandangan dokter mengenai obat yang cocok bagi pasien adalah obat yang memiliki efikasi dan kualitas yang baik namun kurang mempertimbangkan kemampuan pasien dalam membayar atau membeli obat tersebut. Pada pasien yang memiliki jaminan asuransi, dokter tidak memiliki kendala dan hambatan dalam pola peresepan. Demikian pula dengan hadirya beberapa kebijakan dari PT. Askes yang menerbitkan DPHO (Daiiar Plafon Harga Obat); climana obat yang digunakan untuk pasien peserta Askes PNS, adalah obat yang sesuai dengan DPHO' tersebut, dan bila tidak sesuai dengan DPHO maka pasien membayar sendiri obat yang akan ditangglmg sendiri (Out of Pocket). Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan analisis, apakah resep-resep yang diberikan kepada peserta asuransi kesehatan PNS memenuhi indikator wnum kerasionalan penulisan resep yang dirumuskan oleh WHO' (World Health Organization) dalam meniiai penggunaan obat rasional' di berbagai institusi pemerintah yakni rata - rata jumlah item per lernbar resep; persentase peresepan dengan nama generik; persentasc peresepan dengan antibiotik; persentase peresepan dengan injeksi; persentase peresepan yang sesuai dengan DOEN dan Formularium Pénelitian ini rnengunakan desain cross sectional dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekundcr berupa resep dan laporan keuangan. Populasi sludi pada penelidan ini adalah resep resep yang ke PT. Askes pada bulan November, dan dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling didapatkan jumlah sample yang diteliti sebanyak 508' responden. Dengan menggunakan analisis statistik regresi linier, didapatkan bahwa biaya obat out of pocket memiliki hubungan yang sigfinikan dengan persentase obat paten per lembar resep; persentase obat yang tidak sesuai dengan formularium dan persentase pemakaian injeksi per lembar resep. Sedangkan pola peresepan yang memiliki hubungan dengan total biaya obat adalah jumlah obat yang dilayani instalasi farmasi; persentase obat paten per lcmbar resep; persentase obat antibiotik per lembar resep dan persentase pemakaian injeksi per lembar resep. Rata rata biaya obat' out of pocket per lembar resep sebcsar Rp. 8.l39;- dan rata rata jumlah biaya total per lembar resep adaiah sebesar Rp. 82.564,-
In prescribing a prescription, doctors consider that appropriate medicines for patients are those, which have good effect and quality, but they less consider the ability of patients to pay or buy the medicines. Doctors do not have constraints and difficulties related to prescribing pattern to patients who have insurance guarantee. Through its policy, PT. Askes releases DHPO (Medicines Costs Ceiling Lists) stating that medicines used for patients being insurance members from civil servants are those suitable with the DHPO. If the medicines do not confirm the DHPO, patients will pay the medicines themselves (out of packet). For these reason, whether prescriptions given to health insurance members comply with general indicators of rationality of prescribing formulated by WHO (World Health Organization) should be analyzed. WHO determines indicators to evaluate the rational utilization of medicines in governmental institution as follows: the average of the number of items per prescription sheet, percentage of prescribing with generic name, percentage of prescribing with antibiotic, percentage of prescribing with injection percentage of prescribing in accordance with DOEN (National Essential Medicines List) and formulation. This research used cross sectional design. The research analyzed primary and secondary data. The secondary data were in the lbmr of prescriptions and 'financial report. The populations were prescriptions claimed by PT. Askes in November. By using sampling random technique, the number of samples studied was 508 respondents. By applying linear regression statistical analysis, it was found that out of pocket medicines costs is significantly related with the percentage of patent per prescription sheet, percentage of medicines that is not confirmed with formulation, and percentage of injection utilization per prescription sheet. On the other hand, prescribing pattern which has relation with total medicines cost are the number of medicines provided by pharmaceutical installation, percentage of patent medicines per prescription sheet, percentage of antibiotic medicines per prescription sheet, and percentage of injection utilization per prescription sheet. The cost of out of pocket medicines per prescription sheer is IDR 8,139 on average and the number of total cost per prescription sheet is IDR 82,564 on average.
LATAR BELAKANG : Program pemerintah mengenai penggunaan obat generik sudah dicanangkan sejak tahun 1989, terapi baru sejak krisis moneter orang mulai memperhatikan obat generik. Walaupun demikian penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik yang merupakan indikator penggunaan obat generik, tahun 1994-2000 tetap berkisar 50-60% untuk pasien rawat jalan di RSUP.Fatmawati. Penulisan resep obat merupakan perilaku dan banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Tetapi jika ingin dilakukan intervensi dalam penulisan resep obat adalah lebih baik jika mengerti terlebih dahulu mengenai masalah perilaku yang berhubungan dengan penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik. TUJUAN: Untuk mengetahui distribusi penulisan resep obat dgn nama generik menurut poliklinik dan kelas terapi serta hubungan antara faktor-faktor perilaku dokter dengan penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik. DESAIN : Studi potong lintang yang dilaksanakan di Poliklinik pagi hari RSUP.Fatmawati dengan observasi resep selama 1 minggu untuk masing-masing poliklinik dan pengisian kuesioner mengenai faktor-faktor perilaku yang diisi oleh 122 dokter sebagai subyek penelitian . Penelitian berlangsung selama 4 bulan dari April - Juli 2001 pada 18 poliklinik di RSUP.Fatmawati-Jakarta dan analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan regresi logislik. HASIL : Proporsi penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik tertinggi pada PoIiklinik Gigi dan mulut sebesar 84,35% dan terendah pada Poliklink Malta sebesar 8,94%. Kelas tempi Diuretik menunjukkan proporsi penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik tertinggi (87,63%) dan terendah pada kelas terapi obat Lain-lain (2,17%). Dari basil analisis multivariat. menunjukkan pada dokter yang setuju dengan program obat generik kemungkinan untuk dapat menuliskan resep obat dengan nama generik hanya 0,28 kali dan dokter yang tidak setuju dengan program obat generik (95% Cl: 0,08-0,95); dan pada dokter yang bekerja di RSUP.Fatmawati < 5 tahun berkemungkinan untuk kurang patuh dalam penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik 3,89 kali lebih besar dart dokter yang telah bekerja > 16 tahun (95% Cl: 1,41-10,78) dan dokter yang bekerja di RSUP.Fatmawati 5-15 tahun berkemungkinan untuk kurang patuh dalam penulisan resep obat dengan nama generik 3,09 kali lebih besar dari dokter yang telah bekerja > 16 tahun.(95% CI: 1,14-9,86) SARAN : 1). secara rutin mengingatkan para dokter untuk melaksanakan program pemerintah penggunaan obat generik baik secara manajerial, edukasi atau regulasi. 2). data ilmiah mengenai obat generik lebih diinformasikan kepada dokter dan masyarakat.
The Relation Between Doctor's Behavior Factors With Drug Prescription in Generic Names in Out Patient at Fatmawati Hospital 2001BACKGROUND : The government program about generic drugs in government health care facilities had been conducted in 1989, but after the monetary crisis people interested in generic drugs . Nevertheless the data of drug prescription in generic names for out patient at Fatmawati Hospital from 1994 to 2000 only 50-60%. Drug prescription is a doctor's behavior . There are many factors which influence the prescribing, but if we want to intervene the prescribing we have to understand first the reasons for a problem behavior. OBJECTIVES : This study performed to find out the distribution of drug prescription in generic names according to therapeutic class and out patient clinic; and to identify the relation between doctor's behavior factors with drug prescription in generic names in out patient at Fatmawati hospital. DESIGN : Cross-sectional with total respondents 122 doctors by observing their prescriptions for 1 week for each out patient clinic and filling questionnaire about doctor's behavior factors. The study conducted for 4 months from April to July 2001 in 18 clinics at Fatmawati Hospital and the analysis were performed by logistic regression. RESULTS : The highest proportion of drug prescription in generic names has been found in Denial clinic (84,35%) and the lowest in Eyes clinic (8,94%). Diuretics has the highest proportion of drug prescription in generic names (87,63%) among the class therapy in DOEN and drugs which are not included in 29 therapeutic classes in DOEN (Others) has the lowest proportion (2,17%). The study showed there are significance relation between doctor' attitude and drug prescription in generic names and also significance relation between working e:qserience of the doctor and drug prescription in generic names .The multivariate odds ratio was 0.28 (95% CI: 0,08-0,95 ) in doctors who agree with the government program about generic drug. 3.89 (95% Cl: 1.41-10,78) in doctors who works for less than 5 years and 3,09 (95% Cl: 1,14-9.86) who works for 5 to 15 years. RECOMMENDATIONS : 1). To remind the doctors periodically to run this government program and can be characterized as managerial, educational and regulatory. 2. Giving more information about the evidence based of generic drugs to the doctors and community.
Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including in Indonesia. West Java is the province with the highest prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia, with a rate of 34.4% based on blood pressure measurements and 10.7% based on doctor diagnoses. This makes West Java the third largest province in terms of hypertension prevalence among individuals aged ≥ 18 years. In managing hypertension, indicators related to hypertension therapy or medication are crucial factors that need attention. Recent data from the Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) shows that non-adherence to antihypertensive medication in West Java reaches 53.8%, with 35.5% of patients taking medication irregularly and 18.3% not taking medication at all. The low level of adherence among hypertensive patients to taking antihypertensive medication remains a significant issue in hypertension management in Indonesia, particularly in West Java. Objective: This study aims to identify the factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive patients aged ≥ 18 years in West Java. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional study design with univariate and bivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive patients aged ≥ 18 years in West Java is 53.1%, with “feeling healthy” being the most common reason for non-adherence. Significant factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive medication include: being aged 18–59 years (PR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.06–1.47), having a low education level (PR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.09–1.27), lacking health insurance (PR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.18–1.36), smoking (PR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04–1.21), and lacking knowledge related to antihypertensive medication (PR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.72–1.97). Conclusion: The government needs to enhance health education and emphasize the importance of regularly taking antihypertensive medication, even when no symptoms are present. Additionally, cross-sector collaboration is necessary to support the prevention of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication.
Kata kunci: hasil pengobatan; pengobatan jangka pendek; TB RO
The case of drug-resistant tuberculosis causes the burden of controlling TB disease to increase. The decline in treatment success rates from 2010 (67.9%) to 51.1% in 2013 and an increase in cases of patients dropped out encouraged Indonesia to apply shortterm treatment to increase the success rate of DR-TB treatment and reduce cases of patients dropped out. This study aims to look the results of DR-TB treatment and factors related to treatment outcomes for short regimens in Indonesia in 2017 using a retrospective cohort study design. Using data on DR-TB patients recorded in the e-TB manager aged ≥15 years who have completed treatment for the maximum short regimen in November 2018. There were 223 cases with 46.6% cured, 26.5% dropped out, 4.9% completed, 14.2 died, 6.3% failed and 1.3% others.. Age, gender, previous treatment history, type of resistance, HIV status, DM status and lung cavity status were not statistically related to the results of treatment of short regimens. Factors related to the results of treatment of short regimens were resistant to amikacin (RR 7.4; 95% CI 4.68-17.29), ofloxacin (RR 28; 95% CI 2.8-279.5), kanamycin (RR 9; 95% CI 4.68- 17.29), and treatment initiation interval >7 days (RR 0.307; CI 0.09-0.98).
Key words: treatment outcomes; short-term treatment; DR-TB
