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Kemajuan di bidang ekonomi dan teknologi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang menyebabkan terjadinya transisi pola gaya hidup termasuk pola makan. Hal ini juga berdampak pada meningkatnya masalah gizi lebih yang pada akhimya akan semakin meningkatkan kejadian penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Riana (2004) pada- siswi Jakarta memperlihatkan bahwa prevalensi gizi lebih sebesar 25,3%. Hasil yang harnpir sama juga diperoleh oleh Arnaliah (2005) pada siswa SMA di Jakarta yang rnenunjukkan angka prevalensi gizi lebih sebesar 25,5%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh/Body Mass Index) pada remaja SMA sebagai variabel dependen _dan variabel independen seperti jenis kelamin, frekuensi konsumsi fast food, banyalawa jenis konsumsi fast food, konsumsi sayur, konsumsi energi dan lemak, dan aktifitas fisik. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ingin melihat bagaimana hubungan antara IMT dengan variabel-variabel independen tersebut dan mencari variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan INTT menurut umur. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Labschool Rawamangun Jakarta Tirnur dengan sampel sebesar 204 responden. pengambilan data dilakukan pada akhir bulan Mei 2007. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis uvariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi gizi lebih (overweight) di SMA Labschool Rawarnangun Jakarta Timur sebesar 27.9%. Sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara konsumsi fast food, konsumsi energi dan lemak dengan 11VIT menurut umur. Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat, diperoleh hasil bahwa konsumsi energi merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan 1MT menurut umur. Berdasarkan kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan untuk dilakukan pencegahan sercara dini dalam mengendalikan kecenderungan peningkatan kejadian gizi lebih pada remaja. Kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya penilaian status gizi dengan melakukan penimbangan berat badan dan pengukuran tinggi badan secara rutin sebulan sekali. Selain itu, pemberian pengetahuan gizi kepada siswa dan orang tua siswa mengenai konsumsi energi dan hubungannya dengan gizi lebih menjadi salah satu bentuk upaya pencegahan terjadinya gizi lebih.
The advancement of economy and technology within both developed and developing countries is resulting in life style alteration, which include meal pattern. This alteration also influences the escalation of malnutrition which finally lead to degenerative diseases. Riana's study (2004) shows 25% high school students are overweight. Similar result are shown by AmaIiah (2005) which prevaiens of overweight is 25.3%. This research aimed to capture the outline of IIVIT as dependent variable compare to independent variables; namely sex, fast food consumption, vegetables intake, fat intake, and physical activity. Besides that, we also want to observe the relation between [MT and all the independent variables and to find the most dominant independent variable to DAT according age group. This is a quantitative research in which using cross sectional design study. The research, which was conducted in Labschool Senior High School Jakarta, is followed by 204 respondents. Data collection occurred in May 2007. As for data analysis, we employ univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. This research documented that the prevalence of overweight amongst students of Labschool Senior High School is 27.9%. To be notice, most of our respondents are female students. Bivariate analysis showed that there is a significant relation between fast food intake, many of fast food, energy, and fat intake with IMT according age group. Afterward, multivariate analysis took place. It showed that energy intake is the most dominant factor that influences IMT. Based on the result of this research, it is necessary to perform an early prevention from overweight status in order to reduce the event amongst young people. Nutritional assessment using MIT indicator can be taken as a committed routine action by school providers. Besides, nutritional education to students and their parents considers as mutual step of prevention deed of the event. We can provide information of the importance of controlling dietary intake on young people, notably energy intake to them. It is not the only responsibility of school providers to prevent the event from emerging, but it is our responsibility as parents and as part of education system also. Together we can help our young generation from outrageous nutritional status.
Kata kunci:overweight, remaja perempuan, umur menarche, asupan lemak, konsumsi minuman manis.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between age atmenarche and the other determinants (dietary intake, sugary drinks consumption,and physical activity) with overweight in adolescent girls (13-15 years old). Thisstudy was a quantitative analytic research with cross-sectional design. The studywas held at Al-Azhar 4 Kemandoran Junior High School, South Jakarta in April2013, recruiting 107 female students as participants. Age at menarche and sugarydrinks consumption were reported through self-administered questionnaire,dietary intake was obtained using 24-hours food recall interview, and physicalactivity was measured using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children(PAQ-C). Independent T-test was used to identify the association betweenindependent and dependent variables. Among 107 participants, 38,3% wereoverweight. Age at menarche and fat intake were significantly associated withoverweight (p< 0,005). The overweight participants had earlier age at menarche(11,53 years old) and higher fat intake (66,15 gram/day). Meanwhile, theassociation between energy, carbohydrate, protein, fiber intake, sugary drinksconsumption, and physical activity were found to be not significantly associatedwith overweight.
Keywords:overweight, adolescent girls, age at menarche, fat intake, sugary drinksconsumption.
Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases with a continuously increasing prevalence, particularly among the adult population in urban areas such as Jakarta. This study aims to examine the relationship between dietary factors (sodium, fat, fiber, potassium), Body Mass Index (BMI), and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, and stress) with the incidence of hypertension, as well as to identify the dominant factors influencing hypertension among adults aged 45–59 years in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving a total of 153 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct measurements. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and logistic regression. The results showed a hypertension prevalence of 54.9% among respondents, indicating that more than half of individuals in this age group were affected by hypertension. Multivariate analysis, which included sodium intake, fat intake, fiber intake, physical activity, smoking, and stress, revealed that sodium intake (p = 0.025; OR = 2.276) and smoking (OR = 2.805) were the dominant contributing factors to hypertension.
Kata kunci: Kegemukan, Obesitas, Makanan Siap Saji, Remaja
Overweight and obesity in adolescents has affects increase of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. A modern lifestyle with an unhealthy intake is one of causes overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to identify fast food consumption and other factors causes overweight and obesity. This study was a cross sectional design with total sampling technique (172 sample). Data collection consist of anthropometric measurements, filling out the questionnaire, and recall (2x24 hour). Data analysis using chi square test (bivariat) and multiple logistic regression risk factor model (multivariat). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents was 40.7%. Fast food consumption (p=0.01), gender (p=0.008), physical activity (p=0,001), breakfast habit (p=0,01), protein intake (p=0.006), sleep duration (p=0.001), and pocket money (p=0,001) had a significant relationship with overweight and obesity. Fast food consumption is associated with overweight and obesity after being controlled with breakfast habit and pocket money. Consumption of food with balanced nutrition is important as an effort to prevent overweight and obesity in adolescents.
Keywords: Overweight, Obesity, Fast Food, Adolescents
