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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable diseases that become amajor cause of death in the population of women aged 45-54 years. This study aimsto determine the prevalence and risk factors of the occurance of diabetes mellitusbased on diagnosis and symptoms in adult women in Indonesia. This study used asecondary data Riskesdas 2007 with a cross-sectional design. Samples were adultwomen aged ≥ 18 years who are not pregnant, blood preasure was measured, and hasthe complete data. Results showed the prevalence of diabetes is based on thediagnosis and symptoms in adult women is 1.6%. The results of the bivariate analysisshowed there was a significant association (p value < 0,05) between age, educationlevel, employment status, marital status, physical activity, smoking, mentalemotional disorder, body mass index, central obesity, and hypertension with diabetesoccurance in adult women. Therefore, it is necessary to take prevention and earlydetection (screening) of the risk factors and blood sugar screening as early aspossible.Keywords: risk factors, diabetes mellitus, adult women, Indonesia, Riskesdas
Diabetes melitus (DM) masih menjadi tantangan bagi negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) memproyeksikan angka DM di Indonesia akan meningkat 150%, menjadi 28,6 juta jiwa pada tahun 2045. WHO merekomendasikan kelompok berisiko untuk melakukan kombinasi dari konsumsi buah dan sayur ≥5 porsi/hari serta melakukan aktivitas fisik cukup untuk hasil optimal dalam menurunkan risiko DM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara efek gabungan konsumsi buah-sayur dan aktivitas fisik dengan DM pada penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023. Desain studi cross sectional dari data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dengan total sampel 23.821 orang dewasa berusia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi DM pada orang dewasa sebesar 15,2%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji logistic regression menunjukkan asosiasi yang tidak signifikan antara konsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik kurang dibandingkan dengan penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup (RRCorrected 1,2; 95%CI 1,08-1,52 p value 0,607), artinya penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki tren peningkatan risiko DM sebesar 1,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi dan obesitas sentral, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Optimalisasi upaya pencegahan DM dengan meningkatkan intake buah-sayur agar memenuhi rekomendasi ≥5 porsi/hari dapat dilakukan penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun yang disertai dengan meningkatkan kegiatan aktivitas fisik baik sedang maupun berat serta meningkatkan kegiatan olah raga bersama baik di sekolah, kampus, kantor maupun di rumah.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a significant challenge for developing countries, including Indonesia. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projects that the number of DM cases in Indonesia will increase by 150%, reaching 28,6 million by 2045. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that high-risk groups adopt a combination of consuming ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and engaging in sufficient physical activity for optimal results in reducing DM risk. This study aims to examine the association between the combined effects of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity on DM among adults aged 18–64 years in Indonesia in 2023. The study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), involving a total sample of 23,821 adults aged 18–64 in Indonesia. The findings revealed that the prevalence of DM among adults was 15,2%. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed a non-significant association between consuming <3 servings of fruits and vegetables per day with insufficient physical activity compared to adults who consumed ≥5 servings per day and engaged in adequate physical activity (RRcorrected 1,2; 95% CI 1,08–1,52, p-value 0,607). This suggests that adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (<3 servings/day) and low physical activity had a trend of a 1,2 times higher risk of DM compared to those who met the recommended intake (≥5 servings/day) and had sufficient physical activity, after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and central obesity—though the result was not statistically significant. To optimize DM prevention efforts, adults aged 18–64 should increase their fruit and vegetable intake to meet the recommended ≥5 servings per day, alongside increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and promoting group exercise activities in schools, universities, workplaces, and at home.